Qusong County, Shannan City, Tibet Autonomous Region

Qusong County qusong county belongs to Shannan City, Tibet Autonomous Region of the people's Republic of China. It is located between east longitude 92 ° 7 ′ - 92 ° 12 ′, north latitude 29 ° 18 ′ - 29 ° 42 ′. It is located on the north side of the Himalayas, on the South Bank of the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, adjacent to SANGRI County in the north, Longzi County in the south, Jiacha County in the East and Naidong District in the West. Qusong means "Three Rivers" in Tibetan. Because Sebu River, Jiangzha River and Gongbu river run through the whole county, the three rivers are translated as "qusong" in Tibetan, so qusong county gets its name.

As of 2011, there are 16309 people in qusong County, covering a total area of 1967 square kilometers, with an average altitude of 4200 meters or more. Zhuokeng county is 3896 meters above sea level. The economy is dominated by agriculture. By 2014, the gross national product of qusong county had reached 489 million yuan.

In October 2018, the people's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region officially approved the withdrawal of luoza county from poverty-stricken counties (districts).

Historical evolution

The origin of the name

Qusong County, formerly known as lagari, has a long history and culture. It is an independent self-governing area of "Lifa king" (also known as Shannan king) of Raja, the descendant of Songzanganbu and Princess Wencheng. Qusong means "Sanhe" in Tibetan. Because Sebu River, Jiangzha River and Gongbu river run through the whole county, the three rivers are translated as "qusong" in Tibetan, so qusong county gets its name.

Tubo Period

In 633 ad, the Tubo Dynasty moved its political center from Zedang to Lhasa. Shannan city with Zedang as the center was no longer the political, economic and cultural center, but it was still an important granary and manpower supply place for the Tubo rulers. The descendants of the Tubo royal family still maintained the right to rule this area.

In 846 A.D., the ninth generation of zanpulangdama was stabbed to death by monks for destroying Buddhist dharma. There was internal strife within the royal family for the throne, and the Tubo Dynasty collapsed.

period of transition

After the collapse of Tubo, Tibetans entered a transitional period from slave society to early feudal society.

In 877 ad, the famous "bangjinluo" movement in Tibetan history, that is, the slave uprising, took place. In the "bangjinluo" movement, adabekazan, the son of Weisong (Aosong), was killed by the rebel army. Jidnimagung, the eldest son of adabekazan, fled to Ali, and his descendants established Ladakh and Guge small kingdoms respectively.

At the end of the 10th century, a branch of the former Tubo royal family in the Yalong River Valley established the local regime of Yalong jueguo. At that time, the small feudal lords around were actually the small nobles of lagari. From the middle of the 12th century A.D. to before the civil reform, the pattern of lagari had not changed greatly.

In 1246, Sakya Banzhida met with kuodon of Mongolia and published a letter to the Tibetan people. Lagari and the whole Tibet officially joined China and became a dependency of the Yuan Dynasty.

In the middle of the 13th century, when the emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty supported the Sakya regime to rule Tibet, lagari had a considerable influence. When the Sakya regime was prosperous, lagari became subordinate to Sakya.

In the middle of the fourteenth century, the Sakya regime was overthrown, and the kargyu pamojuba regime was established. The Pazhu regime abolished the ten thousand household system formed in Tibet during the Sakya regime, and did not appoint its own family to govern in the lagari region. The lagari region still maintained political independence from the Pazhu regime.

At the beginning of the 15th century, the Gelug Sect of Lamaism rose, and the brothers of laqiangbaredan and layulangwangqu further extended their rule to the wakadazi sect (now near SANGRI county). With the efforts of later generations of "Chichin", lagari's power has been further consolidated and strengthened.

Chiqin period

In 1646, the fifth Dalai Lama visited the Dharma king of lagari and approved his hereditary right to rule this area. All matters concerning the lagari area were handled by the king himself. Although the three chiqin were unified under the Gadan regime, they still separated from each other and maintained a certain degree of political independence.

At the beginning of the 18th century, Xinjiang Junggar invaded Tibet. The Qing government sent troops to Tibet to expel Junggar. Lagari chiqin Baima helped Junggar resist the Qing army. After the defeat of Junggar, the kadanpozhang government punished lagari and confiscated all its manors in Woka, which further strengthened the political rule of lagari (but still failed to establish a clan in this area). After the Qing Dynasty appointed ministers to Tibet, they often sent people to educate chiqin's children to learn Chinese.

During the period of the 13th Dalai Lama (1878-1933), in order to strengthen the local government's rule over Tibet, the local government of Tibet listed the lagari region as an administrative unit similar to the Zong (county) under the "Luoji" (Shannan general manager). The lagari region seems to be an independent small kingdom under the local government of Tibet.

The areas ruled by the king of France include lagari, Jiacha, Longzi and SANGRI.

democratic reform

In 1956, lagari was renamed lagari county.

On May 5, 1959, the people's Government of lagari county was established.

On November 3, 1965, with the approval of the State Council, lagari county was renamed qusong County, under the jurisdiction of Shannan area.

In February 2016, Shannan was set up as a city, and qusong county is subordinate to Shannan city.

administrative division

As of 2014, qusong county has jurisdiction over two towns and three townships: qusong Town, LUOBUSHA Town, qiuduojiang Township, Duisui Township and Xiajiang township. There are 21 administrative villages. The county people's government is located in qusong town.

geographical environment

geographical position

Qusong county is located in 92 ° 7 ′ - 92 ° 12 ′ e, 29 ° 18 ′ - 29 ° 42 ′ n. Qusong county is located in the valley of the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. Surrounded by mountains and narrow valleys. The average altitude is more than 4200 meters. Zhuokeng county is 3896 meters above sea level. The county is 57 kilometers away from Zedang Town, where Shannan area is located, 147 kilometers away from Gongga Airport and 215.18 kilometers away from Lhasa.

topographic features

According to the geomorphic and topographical characteristics of qusong County, it can be divided into three geomorphic types: the deep valley area of the Yarlung Zangbo River in the north, the high mountain valley area in the middle and the extremely high mountain area in the south. The extremely high mountain area in the south is located at the junction of Hengduan Mountains and Shanyuan mountains, with an altitude of more than 4400 meters. Most of the main peaks are more than 5000 meters, with snow all the year round. The highest point is Yala Xiangbu peak, with an altitude of 6647 meters; the high mountain gorge area in the middle is relatively low, with an altitude of less than 4100 meters; the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley area in the north is about 3200 meters. The vertical height difference is 2748m. It can be seen that the topography of the whole county is high in the South and low in the north, high in the West and low in the East.

climate

Qusong county belongs to the semi-arid monsoon climate zone of plateau temperate zone, with sufficient light, strong radiation, large daily temperature difference, strong wind in winter and spring, concentrated rain in summer and rainy at night. It is a dry plateau climate with an average annual temperature of 8.7 degrees, 2920 hours of sunshine, 479 mm of annual precipitation and 110 days of frost free period. Natural disasters mainly include drought, frost, hail, flood, debris flow, earthquake and so on.

natural resources

land resource

Qusong County covers an area of 1967 square kilometers, with 25000 mu of cultivated land and 1153000 mu of grassland.

Biological resources

The planting industry of qusong county is mainly highland barley, wheat and rape, and the breeding industry is mainly cattle, cattle, sheep and goats.

Precious animals and plants are Swertia, deer, otter, Fritillaria, Cordyceps, etc.

water resource

Qusong county belongs to the Yarlung Zangbo River water system. Qusong county has abundant water resources. There are 43 rivers and rivers, 1217 kilometers long, 8473 cubic meters of runoff, 31 alpine lakes, with a total area of 5 square kilometers. The Yarlung Zangbo River originates from the ice snow mountains on the north slope of the middle part of the Himalayas with an altitude of more than 5300 meters, ranking fifth among China's famous rivers. The drainage area of the Yarlung Zangbo River is 240480 square kilometers, ranking sixth in the country, with an annual runoff of 140 billion cubic meters, ranking third in the country after the Yangtze River and Pearl River. The natural water energy reserve is 79.116 million kilowatts, second only to the Yangtze River, ranking third in the country Two. The river bed is generally over 3000 meters above sea level, which is the highest River in the world.

mineral resources

As of 2011, the reserves of ferrochrome in Luobusa mining area are more than 6 million tons, with an average grade of 49%. It is the largest chromite base in China. There are placer gold, jade, crystal stone, marble and other minerals in the area.

Population nationality

population

In 2000, according to the fifth census data, the total population of qusong county was 16037, including 6760 in qusong Town, 1906 in LUOBUSHA Town, 2566 in qiuduojiang Township, 2920 in Duisui Township and 1885 in Xiajiang township.

In 2011, qusong County governs three townships and two towns, with a total population of 16309 (including 14427 people in agriculture and animal husbandry, accounting for 93% of the total population).

nation

In 2011, there were Tibetan, Han and Hui Nationalities in qusong County, of which Tibetan accounted for 99.6%.

economic development

overview

In 2014, qusong county's annual GDP was 489 million yuan, an increase of 11.9% compared with 2013; fixed asset investment was 540 million yuan, an increase of 23.6% compared with 2013; fiscal revenue was 36.81 million yuan, an increase of 16% compared with 2013; tax revenue was 38.04 million yuan, an increase of 2.8% compared with 2013; total retail sales of social consumer goods was 42.11 million yuan, an increase of 23.9% compared with 2013; per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen was 8170 yuan, an increase of 2.8% compared with 2013 In 2013, the growth rate was 17.9%.

In the first half of 2015, qusong county achieved a GDP of 216.92 million yuan, an increase of 4.6% compared with 2014. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 13.54 million yuan, an increase of 4% over 2014; the added value of the secondary industry was 102.36 million yuan; the added value of the tertiary industry was 101.02 million yuan, an increase of 16.5% over 2014.

Chinese PinYin : Xi Cang Zi Zhi Qu Shan Nan Shi Qu Song Xian