Heishui County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province

Heishui County Heishui County, which belongs to Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, is located in the east of Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the middle of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. It is adjacent to Songpan in the north, Hongyuan and Maoxian in the East and West, Lixian and malkang in the South and southwest. It is 284km away from the provincial capital Chengdu and 2350M above sea level. The name of Heishui reservoir is "cuoqu", which means "water of pig iron". Heishui river is a tributary of the upper reaches of Minjiang River. There are 99 small Heishui River, Maoergai River and gullies.

In Heishui, there are mainly Sanao snow mountain, kast landscape, Dagu glacier, the lowest elevation, the largest area and the youngest in the same latitude in the world, naizigou Cailin, known as 80 Li Gallery, Seergu Tibetan village and other unique Tibetan dwellings, and yakesha National Forest Park. Heishui is a place where the red army passed by during the long march. Its red culture is solemn and stirring, and its natural and cultural landscapes are rich. It has the site of the famous "Luhua meeting" and three big snow mountains that the Red Army crossed, namely Dagu snow mountain, Changde snow mountain, yakeshia snow mountain and other historical relics of Chinese revolution.

As of June 2020, Heishui county has jurisdiction over 8 towns and 7 townships.

Historical evolution

In ancient times, Heishui was the region of Ranqi, and in Qin and Han Dynasties, it was the site of Canling county.

In the northern part of Heishui, Shuhan set up pingkang County; later, Canling and pingkang County led the land.

The Northern Zhou Dynasty was divided into four counties: Tonggui, Jiangyuan, zuofeng and guangnian.

The fourth County in the early Sui Dynasty belonged to Wenshan County. At the end of Sui Dynasty, it was led by pingkang and zuofeng counties.

In 618, pingkang was abolished, and in 619, zuofeng was abolished, belonging to Yizhou. Zhenguan twenty-one years (647) in the territory of Maqiao home when the state, under the jurisdiction of rail, left Feng two counties. In the first year of Xianqing (656), zuofeng County moved to Xugu; in the second year (657), Guhe county was set up to govern the land. In the first year of civilization (684), Lihe county was set up in ancient times; in the third year (687), Guicheng county was set up to govern balsam pear.

In the Yuan Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the Tubo Xuanwei envoys. In the 27th year of the first year (1290), in the north, it was led by 1000 households in Maoergai, Songzhou, and the rest by 1000 households in Diexi, Maozhou.

Ming Dynasty is Songpan. At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, maizha clan chief was set up in zhimulin. At the end of Ming Dynasty, heishuitu, a hundred families with big surname, was set up, belonging to the territory of songpanwei and maozhouwei.

Qing Dynasty in the territory of North maizha, wumushu, zhimulin, Ciba soil garrison, is Songpan hall. Daoguang six years (1826) change the land to flow, big surname Heishui (dingzhai and other six villages) under the jurisdiction of Maozhou. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, daheishui was under the jurisdiction of suomo xuanweisi, which was subordinate to Lipan hall; xiaoheshui was subordinate to Songpan hall.

In 1935, it was the 16th administrative supervision district of Sichuan Province.

On July 24, 1952, Heishui was liberated. In September, the county-level provisional government of Heishui administrative committee was established.

Luhua county was established in December 1953. It was renamed Heishui County in June 1954.

administrative division

As of June 2020, Heishui county has jurisdiction over 8 towns and 7 townships.

geographical environment

Location context

Heishui County lies between 102 ° 35 ′ - 103 ° 30 ′ E and 31 ° 35 ′ - 32 ° 38 ′ n. It is located in the northwest of Sichuan Province, the middle part of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, the upper reaches of Minjiang River at the north end of Hengduan Mountains in the southeast of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and adjacent to Jiuzhaigou. It is 310 kilometers away from Chengdu, the provincial capital, and 176 kilometers away from malkang, the state capital. With a total area of 4356 square kilometers, Heishui county is 85 kilometers long from east to west and 72.5 kilometers wide from north to south.

topographic features

The terrain of Heishui County inclines from northwest to Southeast, with an average altitude of 3544 meters, the highest altitude of 5286 meters and the lowest altitude of 1790 meters. Luhua county is 2350 meters above sea level, with an elevation difference of 1000-2000 meters. Within the territory of mountains stand, rolling mountains, snow peak confrontation, deep valley. There are 4 snow peaks above 5200 meters above sea level. Sergu River dam is the lowest, with an altitude of 1790 meters. Three tributaries in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, Heishui River, Maoergai River, xiaoheishui River and 48 streams form a network.

climate

The climate of Heishui county belongs to monsoon plateau climate, with distinct dry and rainy seasons, sufficient sunshine, small annual temperature difference and large daily temperature difference, and great difference with altitude. The annual average temperature difference between mountain and valley is 20 degrees, the average temperature of Luhua county is 9 degrees, the annual extreme maximum temperature is 33.5 degrees, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 14.4 degrees. The distribution of rainfall in the territory is uneven, with concentrated rainfall in summer and continuous rain in autumn. The average annual rainfall is 620.06mm, and the average frost free period is 166.1 days. Affected by the climate of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, natural disasters such as drought, rainstorm, hail, flood, debris flow and frost often occur.

natural resources

Hydroenergy

The annual runoff of Heishui river is 3.88 billion cubic meters, with an average annual flow of 123.2 cubic meters per second. The annual runoff of Maoergai river is 890 million cubic meters, with an average annual flow of 28.2 cubic meters per second. The annual runoff of xiaoheishui river is 180 million cubic meters, with an average annual flow of 5.8 cubic meters per second. The annual runoff of 99 gullies is 123000 cubic meters, with an average annual flow of 38.9 cubic meters per second. The total hydropower reserve is 153900 kW.

Biology

By the end of 2013, there were 95 kinds of forest plants, 400 kinds of medicinal plants and 37 kinds of economic trees in Heishui County, mainly including spruce, oak, birch, pine, rhubarb, notopterygium Incisum, Cortex Acanthopanacis, Cordyceps, Fritillaria, Gastrodia elata, Eucommia ulmoides, Codonopsis pilosula, herbage, edible fungi, bamboo, wild flowers and other plant resources. There are 88 species of animals, 52 species of birds, 7 species of amphibians, 9 species of reptiles, 5 species of fish and 164 species of insects. Mammals include Sumen antelope, golden monkey, red panda, forest musk deer, otter, deer, etc.

mineral products

There are manganese, iron, tungsten, gold, crystal, bingzhoushi, sulfur, rock salt and other mineral deposits in Heishui County, of which low phosphorus manganese iron ore is rich. 16 deposits and spots have been identified. In the area of about 27 square kilometers from simiegou to deshiwogou, Luhua Town, the ore deposits are relatively concentrated. There are three deposits of medium scale or above, and the proved prospective reserves of manganese ore are about 7 million tons. The reserve of C + D + e manganese ore in deshiwogou is 3.34 million tons.

Population nationality

population

According to the sixth national census. The permanent resident population of Heishui county is 60704, and the population density is 15 people / km2. Compared with 57000 people in the fifth national population census at 0:00 on November 1, 2000, there was a total increase of 3704 people in this decade, an increase of 6.5%. The registered residence population in the county is 60885, with a male population of 30639 and a female population of 30246.

In 2015, the birth rate was 6.49 ‰, the death rate was 3.46 ‰, the natural growth rate was 3.04 ‰, and the urbanization rate was 34.45%. At the end of 2015, there were 19496 households in the county, including 14508 rural households. At the end of the year, the total population was 60854, including 30516 males and 30338 females, 52901 agricultural population, 52280 rural population, 21900 urban population and 7953 non-agricultural population. In the total population, there are 57201 Tibetans, accounting for 94% of the total population; 3095 Han people, accounting for 5.09% of the total population; 460 Qiang people, 61 Hui people, and 37 other nationalities. There are 39400 employees in the whole society, including 19500 in the primary industry, 1000 in the secondary industry and 18900 in the tertiary industry.

Gender composition

Among the permanent residents in Heishui County, male population is 31358, accounting for 51.7%; female population is 29346, accounting for 48.3%. The sex ratio of the total population (100 females, male to female ratio) increased from 101.3 in the fifth census in 2000 to 106.9.

Age composition

Among the permanent residents in Heishui County, there are 13198 people aged 0-14, accounting for 21.74%; 43488 people aged 15-64, accounting for 71.64%; 4018 people aged 65 and above, accounting for 6.62%. Compared with the fifth census in 2000, the proportion of people aged 0-14 decreased by 3.26 percentage points, the proportion of people aged 15-64 increased by 1.09 percentage points, and the proportion of people aged 65 and above increased by 2.17 percentage points.

nation

According to the data of the sixth national census, among the permanent residents in Heishui County, the Tibetan population is 53815, accounting for 88.65%; the Qiang population is 573, accounting for 0.94%; the Han population is 6146, accounting for 10.13%; the Hui population is 54, accounting for 0.09%; the other minority population is 116, accounting for 0.19%; compared with the fifth census in 2000, the Tibetan population increases by 2125, an increase of 4.11%; The population of Qiang nationality increased by 229, or 66.57%; the population of Han nationality increased by 1266, or 25.94%; the population of Hui nationality increased by 16, or 42.11%; the population of other ethnic minorities increased by 68, or 141.67%.

Economics

comprehensive

In 2009, the GDP of Heishui county was 439.18 million yuan, 18.6% less than that of 2008. The added value of the primary industry is 93.83 million yuan; the added value of the secondary industry is 227.72 million yuan, including 36.98 million yuan of industrial added value (27.44 million yuan above the scale, 9.54 million yuan below the scale), 190.74 million yuan of construction industry; the added value of the tertiary industry is 117.63 million yuan, with three industrial structures of 11.1, 72.6 and 16.3.

In 2015, the county's GDP reached 213.49 million yuan, ranking sixth in the prefecture, with an increase of 7.4% over the previous year in terms of comparable prices, ranking first in the prefecture

Chinese PinYin : Si Chuan Sheng A Ba Cang Zu Qiang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Hei Shui Xian