Kashi City, Kashi Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Kashgar Kashgar City, subordinate to Kashgar region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is located in the southwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the western edge of Tarim Basin. It is the most western border city in China and the political, economic and cultural center of Kashgar region. With a total area of 1056.8 square kilometers and a population of 7113000 (in 2019), it has jurisdiction over 8 streets, 2 towns and 9 townships. In 1952, Kashgar City was officially established. The Municipal People's government is located at 55 Renmin East Road, chasa street.

Kashgar is the abbreviation of Kashgar, which means "jade" in Turkic language, and "Kashgar" means "stone" or "mountain" in ancient Iranian language. When Kashgar was not included in the territory of the Central Plains, it was often within the scope of Shule state. Zhang Qian's mission to the western regions opened the official exchanges between Kashgar and the Central Plains. In the third year of Yongping (60th year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the capital of the western regions was set up. As a part of the western regions, Kashgar was officially included in the territory of China. Kashgar City is an important commercial port on the Silk Road, the throat hub of eastern and Western transportation, and an important intersection of eastern and western economy, culture and civilization. Kashgar International Airport is a kind of open air port.

Kashgar is a national famous historical and cultural city, a national open city, an excellent tourist city in China, and a national model city of double support.

In 2019, the GDP of Kashgar City is 17.015 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 4.5%; among them, the added value of the primary industry is 835 million yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 1.8%; the added value of the secondary industry is 4.290 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 2.1%; the added value of the tertiary industry is 11.888 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 5.5%; the three industrial structure is 4.9:25.2:69.9.

History of construction

The origin of place names

Kashgar is the abbreviation of Kashgar. "Kashi" means "jade" in Turkic, and "Gar" means "stone" or "mountain" in ancient Iranian, that is, "jade" or "Yushan". According to tongwenzhi of the western regions, it is a Hui language, "Kashi is a stone color.". Gar is called brick house. It is rich in land and has many brick houses, so it is called "brick house". According to the linguistic research, it is believed that it is the ancient hetiansai language, which means "city of jade"

Historical evolution

In the Qin Dynasty, Kashgar was the place of Shule and other countries in the western regions.

In the Han Dynasty, it was the land of Shule state and was subordinate to the capital of the western regions. The two Han books, the Wei books, the Sui books, the new and old Tang books, and the song history are all written in Shule state.

In the third year of Jianyuan (138 BC) and the fourth year of Yuanshou (119 BC), Emperor Wu of Han sent Zhang Qian to the western regions twice to connect Kashgar with the Central Plains.

In the third year of Yongping (60th year), the capital of the western regions was set up in Xinjiang. Kashgar, as a part of the western regions, was officially included in the territory of the motherland. In the 17th year of Yongping (74th year), ban Chao, a famous general of the Eastern Han Dynasty, took up the post of governor of the western regions. This is the base camp and has been stationed for 17 years.

After Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, it was an important military stronghold of the Tang government, and Kashgar was one of the four towns in Anxi at that time. There were footprints of Monk Tang's pilgrimage to the West.

From the Five Dynasties to the Song Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the karahan Dynasty and the Western Liao Dynasty. During the karahan Dynasty, Kashgar was the capital.

Yuan Dynasty, the second son of Genghis Khan Chagatai crown prince's fiefdom.

In the Ming Dynasty, Kashgar was one of the four major Hui cities in the western regions.

In the Qing Dynasty, Kashgar road was set up in the 10th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1884). It has two prefectures, namely Shule and Shache, yingjisha'er Zhili hall, Puli branch defense hall and Hetian Zhili Prefecture.

In the Republic of China, the third (Kashgar) and the tenth (Shache) administrative regions were established here.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it used to be the seat of the Party committee and the Executive Office of the southern Xinjiang District, the Kashgar Prefecture Party committee and the Kashgar executive office, and the Shache special district was incorporated into the Kashgar administrative region.

On May 25, 1952, Kashgar was founded.

On August 21, 1954, Kashi City under the jurisdiction of Kashi special office was put under the jurisdiction of Southern Xinjiang administrative office.

On June 30, 1956, the former administrative office in southern Xinjiang was abolished and put under the jurisdiction of Kashi special region.

On January 11, 1971, Kashgar special area was even called Kashgar area. Kashi City is under the jurisdiction of Kashi region.

administrative division

Division evolution

In November 1982, four communes and Hanoi forest farm in Kashgar City, including Haohan, boshkranmu, Awati and yingwustan, were put under Shufu county.

In March 1998, five villages in Haohan Township, boshikeranmu Township, two villages in Awati Township and one village in pahatakeli township of Shufu county were included in Kashi City.

In August 2004, Seman Township and wasteland township of Shufu county were classified as Kashi City.

On February 24, 2005, with the approval of the government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, pahatekli Township and boshkranmu township of Shufu county were put under the jurisdiction of Kashi City.

In 2009, naizeerbage Township and shamalebage Township were abolished and naizeerbage town and shamalebage town were established.

In March 2013, the government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (xinzhenghan No. 35) agreed to transfer Awati township of Shufu county to Kashi City.

In 2013, the government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (new political Letter No. 207) approved the transfer of yingwustan township of Shufu county to Kashgar City (officially implemented on November 20).

In October 2014, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government (xinzhenghan 194) agreed to put akekashi Township in Shufu County under Kashi City.

In April 2015, the government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region approved the establishment of Xiyu Avenue Street (xinzhenghan No. 87) and Donghu Street (xinzhenghan No. 88).

Zoning details

By 2019, Kashgar has 8 streets: chasa street, yawage street, wusitang Boyi street, kumdale WAZA street, Xiyu Avenue street and Donghu street. Two townships: naizeerbage Township, shamalebage Township, nine townships: dolaitebage Township, Haohan Township, Seman Township, wasteland Township, boshikeranmu Township, pahatakeli Township, Awati Township, yingwustan Township, akekashi Township, and the municipal government is stationed at No. 55, Renmin East Road, chassa street.

geographical environment

Location context

Kashgar is located in the southwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the west of Tarim Basin, the Northeast foot of Pamir Plateau and the middle reaches of Kizil river. It is between 73 ° 20 ′ - 79 ° 57 ′ E and 35 ° 20 ′ - 40 ° 18 ′ n. Facing Taklimakan Desert in the East, Karakoram mountain and Ali Region in Tibet in the south, and Pamir Plateau in the west, it is the most western border city in China and the residence of Kashgar administrative office. It is 1473km away from Urumqi. It borders Shufu County in the East and West, gumatage mountain in the north, Atushi city in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, and Shule County in the south across Kizilsu river. The total area is 1056.8 square kilometers.

topographic features

The terrain of Kashgar City is high in the north and low in the south, with the highest altitude of 1502m and the lowest altitude of 1264m, with an average altitude of 1289.5m. It belongs to the alluvial plain of Kashgar River Basin.

climate

Kashgar is a warm temperate continental arid climate, with four distinct seasons, no extreme heat in summer, no severe cold in winter, long summer and short winter, long sunshine and less precipitation. The annual average temperature in Kashgar is 11.7 ℃, the highest is 13.1 ℃ in 1956, and the lowest is 10.5 ℃ in 1974. The annual average precipitation in Kashgar is 61.5 mm, with the maximum of 146.2 mm in 1974 and the minimum of 17.3 mm in 1979.

natural resources

land resource

Kashgar has a total land area of 13.9479 million hectares, accounting for about 1 / 12 of the total land area in Xinjiang. The content of soil organic matter is low, generally below 1%. The city has 575000 hectares of cultivated land, 33000 hectares of garden land, 1.61 million hectares of pasture land, 114800 hectares of usable grassland, including 29600 hectares of improved grassland, 13800 hectares of fenced grassland and 799000 hectares of water area. The reserve cultivated land resources are 588100 hectares, with an average annual development of about 20000 hectares.

water resource

The headwaters of Kashgar river systems are located in glaciers and snow belt in mountainous areas. With the melting of water in different seasons in mountainous areas, the annual dry flood of each river system changes significantly. There are Yeerqiang River Basin and Kashgar River Basin in the region. There are 10 large and small rivers, among which there are 5 large rivers, such as Yeerqiang, Tizinafu, kezizi, Gaizi and Kushan. The annual runoff of the river is 114.57 billion cubic meters, and there is 1 billion cubic meters of underground return water. The water energy reserve is 7.6 million kilowatts, and 1.2 million kilowatts can be easily developed. The characteristics of river inflow are different in dry season and flood season. During the flood period from June to September, the runoff is 60% - 80% of the annual runoff. At this time, the water level fluctuates sharply and the diurnal variation is obvious.

After the founding of new China, with the large-scale construction of water conservancy facilities. By the early and mid-1980s, 102 large, medium and small reservoirs had been built in the region, with a total water storage capacity of 1.339 billion cubic meters. In winter, the maximum water storage capacity was 1.07 billion cubic meters, and in summer, the water storage capacity was generally 800-1 billion cubic meters. The main water storage season is from July to September, with a total water storage area of 600 square kilometers, which can irrigate 3.905 million mu of farmland. Among the 102 reservoirs, Xiaohaizi reservoir can store more than 100 million cubic meters of water, with 455 million cubic meters of water; xikele reservoir, yonganba reservoir and Qianjin reservoir can each store about 100 million cubic meters of water. These reservoirs are distributed in sujikak, iguerqi and Xiaohaizi, and the water source is mainly from Yeerqiang River. There are great changes in the reservoir capacity of the whole city. Except sujikak reservoir, which has a dead capacity of 1500 cubic meters, there are few other reservoirs with dead capacity.

plant resources

The plant resources in Kashgar include alpine vegetation, plain oasis vegetation, desert vegetation, swamp vegetation, etc. There are 355300 hectares of forest land in the region, including 229300 hectares of natural forest, with a forest coverage rate of 2.7%

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