Xichou County, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Xichou County, a county under the jurisdiction of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, is located in the southeast of Yunnan Province, south of the central part of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. The terrain rises from the central part to the west, and the southeast is lower. It belongs to the subtropical low latitude mountain monsoon climate zone. It covers a total area of 1506 square kilometers, and has jurisdiction over 2 towns and 7 townships. In 2017, the permanent population is 263000, including 5 ethnic minorities.

In Xichou County, there are martyrs cemetery in southern Xinjiang, Xiaoqiaogou Provincial Nature Reserve, xiangpingshan rare botanical garden, "Shizishan cliff painting" and xisa Xianrendong Paleolithic site.

In 2017, the GDP of Xichou County reached 3.768 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10% at comparable prices. The added value of the primary industry was 1.014 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1%; the added value of the secondary industry was 966 million yuan, an increase of 15.3%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 1.788 billion yuan, an increase of 9.4%.

In December 2019, it will become a pilot unit for the construction of national rural governance system.

Historical evolution

In the Western Han Dynasty, during the 30 years from the first year of Jianyuan (140 B.C.) to the second year of Yuanfeng (109 B.C.), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established four prefectures in Southwest China, namely Qianwei, Zhuo, Yueyu and Yizhou. The county governs 17 counties, 11 of which are located in the southeast of Yunnan Province.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xichou was the place where Minjun County entered Chengxian county.

In the spring of 225, the third year of Jianxing of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang set up seven counties in nanzhong. At that time, Xichou was the place where Xinggu County entered Chengxian county and was subordinate to the governor of Chanjiang.

In 270, the sixth year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty, ningzhou was set up to lead the seven counties of nanzhong. At that time, Xichou was the capital of Xinggu county.

In the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, Xi'an county was located in Xinggu County, which was subordinate to ningzhou.

In the second year of Xiangxiang (580) of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, it set up four counties, namely Xinggu, Yunnan, Jianning and Zhuti, led by the general manager's office of Nanning. At that time, Xichou was Xi'an County, Xinggu county.

In 585, kunzhou, Gongzhou and Xiezhou were set up.

In the early Tang Dynasty, Nanning Prefecture was set as the governor's office, which was under the jurisdiction of Xichou. In Nanzhao, Xichou was the place where Tonghai was the governor.

In the early Song Dynasty, Dali was the land of Yibu, and in the late Song Dynasty, it was the land of inika, which belonged to the most peaceful town.

In 1274, Yunnan Province was established. The wanhufu, qianhuhu and baihuhu established in the early Yuan Dynasty were changed into Lu, Fu, Zhou and Xian. At that time, Xichou was the part of Ningyuan Prefecture, which belonged to Lin'an road.

In the 15th year of Hongwu (1382) of Ming Dynasty, Yunnan Province was changed into the Minister of Chengxuan government of Yunnan Province, leading all the prefectures, prefectures, counties and divisions. At that time, Xichou was the chief of eight villages, the Tusi of niuyang.

In the 15th year of Shunzhi (1658) of the Qing Dynasty, Yunnan was transformed into Yunnan Province. In 1667, Kaihua Prefecture was set up to govern Bali and niuyangli in Xichou. Yongzheng eight years (1730), set up Wenshan county with Kaihua house, Xichou for donganli, jurisdiction Xisha, niuyang and other 165 villages, Li Wenshan. In 1820, Anping hall was set up in the 25th year of Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. Today, Anping hall is located in the west, and donganli is located in the West.

In 1913, Anping hall was changed to Anping County. In 1914, Anping County was renamed Maguan County. In March of the same year, Pulan administrative office was set up in today's Xisha, which governs Xisha and Chouyang and is subordinate to Maguan. In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), Maguan set up a county, named Xichou County after the combination of the first words of Xisha and Chouyang. In 1929, Mengzi road was abolished and directly belonged to the province. In 1942, it was the second administrative supervision district of Yunnan Province (in Wenshan County). In 1948, it was the fourth administrative supervision district of Yunnan Province (in Yanshan County).

In March 1950, Xichou County belonged to Wenshan District.

In May 1957, the State Council decided to establish Wenshan Tong and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (on October 12, 1965, the State Council approved Wenshan Tong and Miao Autonomous Prefecture to be renamed Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture). Xichou County belongs to Wenshan Prefecture.

In September 1960, the State Council approved the abolition of Malipo County, and the former administrative region of Malipo County was merged into Xichou County (merged in November 1958).

In March 1962, the State Council decided to restore masupo County, with the former administrative region of masupo County merged in Xichou County as the administrative region of masupo county (separated in October 1961).

administrative division

As of October 2018, Xichou County has jurisdiction over two towns and seven townships: xisa Town, Xingjie Town, benggu Town, Lianhuatang Town, xinmajie Town, Bolin Town, fadou Town, dongma town and Jijie town. The county people's government is located in xisa town.

geographical environment

Location context

Xichou County is located in the southeast of Yunnan Province, south of the central part of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, between 104 ° 22 ′ - 104 ° 58 ′ E and 23 ° 06 ′ - 23 ° 37 ′ n, with the Tropic of cancer crossing the county; it is adjacent to Malipo County in the southeast, Maguan County across Panlong River in the southwest, Wenshan County and Yanshan County in the west, and Guangnan County in the northeast with Dama River as the boundary; it is 265 km away from Kunming, the provincial capital, The highway mileage is 480 km, 46 km from Kaihua Town, 72 km from benggu and 85 km from Jingxing street. The total area is 1506 square kilometers.

topographic features

There are three types of topography in Xichou County: karst peak cluster erosion depression terrain, erosion middle mountain canyon terrain and erosion middle low mountain terrain. The terrain rises from the middle to the West and is lower in the southeast. The eroded Zhongshan gorge is steep, with branches of streams and rivers, strong cutting, narrow watershed and relative elevation difference of 1100 meters. It is distributed in the north of Jijie River, covering an area of 170 square kilometers. Karst peak cluster erosion depression, the upper bedrock exposed, continuous, undulating mountains, closed and broken terrain, hundreds of flooded ponds and small basins of different sizes set in the cluster of mountain barriers. Depressions are mostly oval or strip-shaped, with a width of tens to hundreds of meters; karst phenomena such as caves, vertical coalescence and skylights are common. The cultivated land is scattered, the soil layer is barren, the surface water leakage is large, the water is short in winter and spring, and the water is easy to accumulate in summer and autumn. It is distributed in all hejijie townships including xisa Town, Xingjie Town, dongma Township, fadou Township, benggu Township, Lianhuatang Township and xinmajie Township, south of jijiehe, with a relative elevation difference of 1000 meters and an area of 1084 square kilometers. The eroded middle and low mountains and valleys are distributed in Babu River Basin. The terrain drops sharply to the south. The mountains are high and the valleys are deep. The relative elevation difference is 1200 meters. The area is 282 square kilometers. The vegetation is good and the soil layer is thin. The highest altitude in the territory is 1962.9 meters, and the lowest is 654 meters. Most areas are 1100-1500 meters above sea level.

hydrology

The rivers in Xichou County belong to the Lujiang River system of the Red River Basin and converge to the Beibu Gulf of the South China Sea. The distribution of the river is divided by the karst rocks in the middle part, and meanders eastward and southwest through the surface and underground. There are choyang River and Babu River, Jijie River and Panlong River and Dama river. According to topography and flow direction, it can be divided into four water systems. North Water System: Zhongshan area in the north of the county, with Jijie River and Dama River as the main stream. Southwest water system: Lianhuatang and xinmajie Township in the southwest of the county, Zhongshan area is dominated by Panlong River. Southern Water System: in the central, central and southern karst peak cluster area, Chouyang river is the main stream. Eastern water system: in the middle and low mountain area in the southeast of the county, it belongs to the source of Babu river. The main rivers are lin'anchong River, Xiaowan River, shie River, etc.

climate

Xichou County belongs to subtropical low latitude mountain monsoon climate zone, the general characteristics are: no severe cold in winter, no extremely hot in summer; warm and wet rainy, dry and rainy seasons. The temperature increased rapidly in spring, with an average increase of more than 4 ℃ from March to April. The average temperature is 17.4 ℃. The annual maximum temperature occurs in May; there is no extreme heat in summer, with an average temperature of 20.8 ℃, and abundant rainfall in the middle, which is prone to flood. In autumn, the temperature drops early, more than 3 ℃ from October to November, dry and cool in autumn, and the average temperature is 16 ℃. There is no severe cold in winter, and the average temperature is 9.4 ℃. The highest monthly average temperature in Xichou is 21.4 ℃, and there is no summer temperature of more than 22 ℃ for 5 consecutive days. Therefore, there are 72 days in winter and 293 days in spring and autumn, only four seasons. Spring is from March to may, summer is from June to August, autumn is from September to November, and winter is from December to February of the next year. The rainfall in rainy season accounts for 79-86% of the whole year, and that in dry season accounts for 14-21%. Due to the large variation of vertical elevation difference and uneven distribution of space-time and level, the average temperature drop in four seasons is 0.41 ℃ in spring, 0.49 ℃ in summer, 0.43 ℃ in autumn and 0.36 ℃ in winter for every 100m elevation increase.

natural resources

water resource

Xichou County has a catchment area of 1506 square kilometers, annual rainfall of 1.903 billion cubic meters, leakage, evaporation, plant absorption of 1.134 billion cubic meters, and runoff of 866 million cubic meters. There are abundant hydropower resources, with theoretical reserves of 196800 kW and exploitable capacity of 101400 kW. At present, 16600 kilowatts have been developed, and the utilization rate is only 16.25%. There are no large lakes in the territory, only a small number of natural ponds and reservoirs, with a controllable water volume of 6.65 million cubic meters. There are 26 natural ponding ponds with a controllable water volume of 2.044 million cubic meters. There are 50 reservoirs and dams with controllable water volume of 4.606 million cubic meters. There are Jiangdong reservoir, laofeiqing reservoir, Sanchagou reservoir, Huangtian reservoir, benggu reservoir, laoqing reservoir, niuchanghaizi, Erhai and xiaoganhaizi with more than 200000 cubic meters of water. There are two types of groundwater in the area: carbonate fissure solution fissure and sandy argillaceous clastic fissure, with a total resource of 220 million cubic meters. Xisha and benggu are underground water rich areas with shallow burial.

plant resources

There are 54 common tree species in Xichou County

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Wen Shan Zhuang Zu Miao Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Xi Chou Xian