Jishou City, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province

Jishou Jishou is the prefecture level administrative capital of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province. The city is adjacent to Luxi County in the southeast, Huayuan County in the northwest, Fenghuang County in the southwest, Baojing County and Guzhang County in the north.

Jishou lies between 28 ° 08 ′ - 28 ° 29 ′ N and 109 ° 30 ′ - 110 ° 04 ′ E. The total area is 1078.33 square kilometers. Jishou is located in the hinterland of Wuling mountain area, backed by Wuling Mountain. The climate of Jishou is typical subtropical monsoon humid climate.

In 2019, Jishou City administered 6 towns of 5 townships and 1 townships. At the end of 2019, the total registered residence of Jishou was 312 thousand and 400, an increase of 0.26% over the previous year, and 361 thousand and 800 residents, an increase of 1.01%. In 2019, the GDP of Jishou City will be 19355.6 million yuan, an increase of 7.2% over the previous year. On April 23, 2018, the Hunan provincial government agreed to lift Jishou out of poverty. Top 100 tourism counties in China in 2019. In September 2020, it was recognized as the second batch of prefabricated building model cities by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development.

Historical evolution

Evolution of organizational system

As early as 6800 years ago in the period of Gaomiao culture, Jishou had human reproduction.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, human activities were frequent.

In the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Qianzhong county. In the Han Dynasty, it belonged to Wuling county. In the Three Kingdoms, Wuling County belonged to Ji Han and Sun Wu.

In Jin Dynasty, Wuling County belonged to Jingzhou. In the Southern Dynasties of song and Qi, it belonged to Wuling County of Yingzhou.

In the Southern Dynasties, Yuanling County was analyzed and Yelang county was built. Chen Xiliang system in the Southern Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty abandoned Yelang County, set quiet people county. Soon the county was abandoned, and the city belonged to Chenzhou and Yuanling County.

In the Tang Dynasty, Qianzhong observation envoy was in charge of 15 prefectures, among which Chenzhou governed Luxi County, Yuanling County, Mayang County, Xupu County and Chenxi County.

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the same as Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, the city belonged to Luxi County. In the third year of Xining (1070), zhenxizhai (now Jishou City) was set up as a military defense area.

In Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Luxi County, Chenzhou road.

In the early years of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, there was an inspection department in the territory. In February of the 30th year of Hongwu (1397), the upper five capitals of Luxi were divided into 16 Li, which were set up by thousands of military and civilian households in Zhenxi and belonged to Chenzhou Wei.

In the 43rd year of Kangxi (1704) of the Qing Dynasty, Qianzhou hall was set up to govern Qianzhou, which was subordinate to Yongjing road of Chenyuan. In 1797, Qianzhou hall was upgraded to Zhili hall.

In 1912, Qianxian county was set up. In April 1913, Qianxian county was renamed Qiancheng County, which was subordinate to Chenyuan road. The county government was still Qianzhou. From April 1938 to may 1939, the West Hunan appeasement office was set up in Qiancheng county.

On November 5, 1949, Qiancheng county was peacefully liberated and subordinate to Yuanling special district.

In August 1952, under the jurisdiction of Xiangxi Miao Autonomous Region, the county people's government moved from Qianzhou town to SuoLi town. Approved by the Ministry of internal affairs of the Administrative Council of the Central People's Government on February 25, 1953, Qiancheng county was renamed Jishou county and Suli town was renamed Jishou town on April 1, 1953.

From March 1955 to September 1957, Jishou county was subordinate to Xiangxi Miao Autonomous Prefecture; from September 20, 1957, it was subordinate to Xiangxi Tujia Miao Autonomous Prefecture, and Jishou was the seat of the state capital.

From November 1980 to November 1982, Jishou town was changed from Jishou County into a county-level town. With the approval of the State Council on August 3, 1982, on November 30 of the same year, the state government abolished Jishou county and established Jishou City, with its jurisdiction unchanged (Jishou town was restored and divided into three streets).

In 1996, Jishou City governed shijiachong street, hongqimen street, Donghe street, Qianzhou street, majianao Town, Hexi Town, Aizhai Town, Jiliu Township, Wanrongjiang Township, Taiping Township, Danqing Township, Shuangtang Township, Baiyan Township, Jishou Township, Shetangpo Township, Paihou Township, paixian Township and Zhaiyang township.

In 2004, Jishou City governed shijiachong street, Donghe street, hongqimen street, Qianzhou street, Aizhai Town, majianao Town, Hexi Town, Shuangtang Town, Danqing Town, Jishou Township, Wanrongjiang Township, Zhaiyang Township, Jiliu Township, Taiping Township, Baiyan Township, paixian Township, Paihou Township and Shetangpo township.

In 2005, Jishou City governed shijiachong street, Donghe street, hongqimen street, Qianzhou street, Aizhai Town, majianao Town, Hexi Town, Shuangtang Town, Danqing Town, Zhaiyang Township, Jiliu Township, Taiping Township, Baiyan Township, paixian Township, Paihou Township and Shetangpo township.

In 2000, Jishou City abolished Shuangtang Township and established Shuangtang town.

In 2004, Jishou City abolished Danqing Township and established Danqing town.

In 2005, Jishou City abolished Jishou Township, Wanrongjiang Township and Qianzhou Street formed a system, and Qianzhou street was merged.

In 2006, shijiachong street and hongqimen street were incorporated into Zhenxi street.

In August 2010, with the approval of Hunan Provincial Department of civil affairs, mulinping, guniuping, Wanxi and pengao villages in ganziping Township, Fenghuang County were put under the jurisdiction of Qianzhou street, Jishou City. In December, with the approval of the state government, the four villages transferred from Fenghuang and the two groups of Shuanghe village and Xinglong in Qianzhou street, a total of five villages and one group, were transformed into a community to form Jifeng street, which was managed by the Management Committee of Xiangxi Economic Development Zone entrusted by the State Party committee and the state government.

In November 2015, with the approval of Hunan Provincial Department of civil affairs, paixian Township and Danqing town of Jishou City were merged to establish Danqing town; Paihou Township and Taiping Township were merged to establish Taiping town; Shuangtang Town, Shetangpo Township and Qianzhou street were merged to establish Qianzhou street; Zhaiyang Township, Baiyan Township and majianao town were abolished to establish majianao town.

In February 2017, Shuangtang street and shijiachong street were newly established.

In August 2017, Jufu village and Dalong village in buchou township of Huayuan County were under the jurisdiction of Jishou City.

The origin of place names

Zhenxi originated from zhenxizhai in the third year of Xining (1070). In the 30th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1397), it set up a thousand military and civilian houses in Zhenxi.

Qianzhou originated from Qianzhou sentry in the 31st year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty. In 1704, Qianzhou hall was set up. In the second year of Jiaqing (1797), it was promoted to Zhili Hall of Qianzhou.

Qiancheng originated in the first year of the Republic of China (1912), and Qianxian county was set up after abolishing the hall. Because of the same name as Qian County in Shaanxi Province, Qian county was renamed Qiancheng County in 1913.

SuoLi originated from the qianhusuo in the Ming Dynasty. At that time, 110 households were regarded as a "Li". Zhenxi set up Li. Because the qianhusuo in Zhenxi was located here, it was named SuoLi.

Jishou originated in 1952. Qiancheng county was renamed Jishou county. Jishou is transliterated from the Miao language of SuoLi, which means "the place of birth and breeding".

administrative division

In 2019, Jishou City governs 6 streets, 5 towns and 1 township. Jishou Municipal People's Government in Qianzhou street.

geographical environment

Location context

Jishou City is located in the west of Hunan Province and the south of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture; at the intersection of national highway 319, national highway 209, provincial highway 229 and zhiliu railway. The city is adjacent to Luxi County in the southeast, Huayuan County in the northwest, Fenghuang County in the southwest, Baojing County and Guzhang County in the north. Geographical coordinates: between 28 ° 08 ′ - 28 ° 29 ′ N and 109 ° 30 ′ - 110 ° 04 ′ E. It spans 55.9 km from east to west and 37.3 km from north to south, with a total area of 1078.33 square kilometers.

topographic features

The geological structure of Jishou City is located in the south-west part of the third first-order uplift belt of Xinhua Xia system in the east of China, the south part of Wuling Mountain second-order uplift belt in the west, and the west edge of Yuanma basin second-order subsidence belt in the southeast. It is nne-ne trending and consists of a series of folds and faults.

The landform of Jishou City is dominated by low and medium mountains and low mountains, accounting for 80% of the area of Jishou City. It is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, with three-level gradient of middle mountain, low and medium mountains and low mountains. The elevation difference between the northwest and southeast is 824 meters. The mountain ranges are arranged in parallel in a strip shape. In the West and northwest, there are Zhongshan mountains with heavy peaks, large mountains, steep slopes and steep cliffs. The mountain ranges are NE and NNE trending. In the southwest, there are low mountains with NE and NNE trend. In the East and Southeast, there are low red rock mountains with numerous peaks and crisscross ridges and valleys. The middle part is a relatively open basin with flat, hilly and hilly landforms. The landform of Jishou City belongs to low mountain, hill, hillock and flat area, with flat terrain and gentle hillside around. Qianzhou is open and flat, basin like, surrounded by low mountains, hills and hills. Karst landform is well developed in the city. Karst gullies, funnels, sinkholes and other caves are typical in shape. 69 large karst caves have been found, of which 56 have been found out, with a total length of 18578 meters, an average width of 11.5 meters, an average height of 9.5 meters, a total area of 185800 square meters, and a usable area of 139200 square meters.

Climate and environment

Jishou City is a subtropical monsoon humid climate with continental climate. It has four distinct seasons, warm in winter and cool in summer, mild in spring and autumn, long in winter and short in autumn. The temperature above 40 ℃ rarely appears in summer. The annual average temperature is 17.3 ℃. July is the hottest month with an average temperature of 29.2 ℃; January is the coldest month with an average temperature of 5.2 ℃. The annual precipitation days are 131 days and the precipitation is 1446.8 mm. The annual sunshine hours are 1429.6 hours and the frost free period is 326 days.

hydrology

In 2013, there were 81 rivers in Jishou City, with a total length of 550km. There were 6 larger rivers, 4 of which flowed into Donghe River (upstream of Wushui River) and 2 into Wushui river. The main rivers are Donghe River, Tuojiang River, Wanrongjiang River, Sima River, Danqing River and CHABI river. Among them, Donghe river is the largest river in the territory, originating in the south of Huayuan County, with a length of 69 km and a city section of 60 km.

natural resources

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