Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County, Chengde City, Hebei Province

Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County, which belongs to Chengde City, Hebei Province, is located in the north of Chengde City, Hebei Province. Its geographical coordinates are 116 ° 32 ′～ 118 ° 14 ′ E and 41 ° 35 ′～ 42 ° 40 ′ n. it borders on Kalaqin banner, Chifeng City, Keshiketeng Banner and Duolun County of Inner Mongolia in the East, West and North, and Fengning Manchu Autonomous County in the southwest and south The two counties are connected. The county is 138 kilometers long from east to west and 118 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 9219 square kilometers. County jurisdiction 12 towns, 25 townships, a total of 312 administrative villages. With a total population of 4214000 (at the end of 2016), it is a minority community dominated by Manchu and Mongolian, with a total of 30 nationalities including Manchu, Mongolian, Hui and Han. In 2019, the GDP will reach 15.466 billion yuan. It has been identified as China's potato Town, national pollution-free vegetable production base, national commodity cattle base county, China's tourism Star County, the first batch of national agricultural sustainable development experimental demonstration area, the first batch of national green energy demonstration county, etc.

In April 2020, Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County was selected as "the best county (city, district) in sports work in 2019" by Hebei Provincial Sports Bureau.

History of construction

The Shang and Zhou dynasties belong to the land of Yan, which is called "Gui Fang".

In the Qin and Han Dynasties, the basin of Rushui (today's Luanhe River) in the West belongs to Yuyang County, and the basin of suotoushui (today's Yixun River) in the East belongs to youbeiping county.

In Sui and Tang Dynasties, it belonged to Xi land in Sui Dynasty; in Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Hebei Road, Qidan land in the north and Xi land in the south.

In Liao and Jin Dynasties, the northern part of the county belonged to Shangjing Road, which was the summer hunting place of the Liao emperor. In the eastern part, it was Songshan County of Songshan Prefecture of Zhongjing Road, and in the western and southern part, it was Limin County of Bei'an Prefecture. In the Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Dading mansion on Beijing road.

In Yuan Dynasty, Songzhou was located in Daning road in the East, Huizhou in the south, and Xingzhou and Xing'an County in Shangdu road in the West. It's a place for the army to settle down.

In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to zuotungwei in Kaiping, then to nuoyinwei, and then to wulianghai, which became a Tatar pasture.

In the Qing Dynasty, in April of the 20th year of Kangxi (1681), Mulan paddock was officially set up, directly under the imperial court. Guangxu three years (1877), the establishment of a paddock food catch Tongzhi and prison. It was signed as the grain capture Hall (also known as the paddock Hall), which was the beginning of the construction and administration of the paddock. In October 1905, the Department of grain capture was changed into the Department of Fumin, which was transferred from Chengde prefecture to Zhili Province, and was subordinate to Xuanhua Prefecture of Koubei road. Zhangjiakou, duolunnuoer and dushikou were the four departments of Koubei.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Weichang was officially changed into a county, called "Weichang County", which belongs to Rehe province.

On January 1, 1956, the establishment of Rehe province was abolished, and Weichang County was under the jurisdiction of Chengde District, Hebei Province.

On June 29, 1989, with the approval of the State Council of the people's Republic of China and the official reply of the Ministry of civil affairs, Weichang County was abolished and Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County was established. The administrative region remained unchanged and no institutions and establishment were added.

administrative division

Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County, administrative code: 130828, government resident: Weichang Town, telephone area code: 0314, postal code: 068450, governs 12 towns and 25 townships, Weichang Town, siheyong Town, kelegou Town, Qipanshan Town, banjieta Town, Chaoyang Di Town, Chaoyang Bay Town, yaozhan Town, Longtoushan town, Xinbo Town, YUDAOKOU Town, Chengzi Town, daobazi Town, huangtukan town , Sidaogou Township, Lanqi Kalun Township, yinwogou Township, Xindi Township, guangfayong Township, yutaihe Township, Guojiawan Township, Yangjiawan Township, Dazhuo Township, hariha Township, Zhangjiawan Township, baoyuanzhan Township, shanwanzi Township, sanyiyong Township, Jiangjiadian Township, xiagoufang Township, yangebai Township, pailou Township, laowopu Township, shizhuozi Township, datoushan Township, nanshanzui Township, xilongtou township.

geographical environment

Location context

Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County is located in the north of Chengde City, Hebei Province, between 116 ° 32 ′～ 118 ° 14 ′ E and 41 ° 35 ′～ 42 ° 40 ′ n. it borders on Kalaqin banner, Chifeng City, Keshiketeng Banner and Duolun County of Inner Mongolia in the East, West and North, and Fengning Manchu Autonomous County and Longhua County in the southwest and south. It is 138 kilometers away from Chengde City, 643 kilometers away from Shijiazhuang, the provincial capital, and 384 kilometers away from Beijing. The county is 138 kilometers long from east to west and 118 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 9219 square kilometers.

landforms

Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County is located in the transition zone of Inner Mongolia Plateau and northern Hebei mountain. It is the junction of Yinshan Mountain, the tail of Daxinganling Mountain and Yanshan mountain. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. It is located in three major topographical areas, namely, Bashia, Jieba and Bashang. It is mainly located in Bashang grassland. The average altitude of the whole county is 1500 meters, and the highest is daguangdingzi mountain, with an altitude of 2067 meters.

climate

Weichang belongs to North (cold) temperate to middle temperate, semi humid to semi-arid, continental monsoon type, plateau mountain climate. Winter is long and summer is short; in summer half year, affected by subtropical warm high, southerly wind prevails, the weather is warm and rainy, and there is no obvious summer season; in winter half year, controlled by Siberian cold high, northerly wind prevails, and the climate is cold and dry. Spring and autumn are the transition seasons of these two kinds of air masses. The wind direction is changeable, the weather is complex, and the temperature changes violently. In spring, the temperature warms quickly, and the weather is dry and rainless. In autumn, the temperature cools rapidly, and the climate is cool and pleasant. And the climate conditions of different regions above and below the dam are very different, and the microclimate is very different.

radiation

The annual total solar radiation in Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County is 127-134 kcal / cm2, and the solar radiation on the sunny slope is more. The distribution trend is less in the north and more in the south. The seasonal distribution is mainly in spring and summer, accounting for 64% of the total solar radiation in the whole year. The minimum solar radiation in winter is 530 kcal / cm2 in December. The total amount of physiological radiation was 99.90 kcal / cm2, 83.90 kcal / cm2, 57.70 kcal / cm2, 50.20 kcal / cm2 and 15.50 kcal / cm2 respectively. The solar radiation during the growing period of crops from May to September is 73.60 kcal / cm2, accounting for 55% of the total annual radiation.

sunshine

The annual average sunshine hours of Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County are 2577-2832 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 58% - 64%. The sunshine hours from April to September are nearly 1500 hours, more than 55% of the annual sunshine hours; the sunshine hours during crop growth period are more than 1200 hours, accounting for more than 43% of the annual sunshine hours. Most of the crops in the county are short cropping in one season, so they can meet the demand of light energy.

air temperature

The annual average temperature of Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County is 3.3 ℃. The coldest month is January, the average temperature is - 13.2 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 42.90 ℃, which appears in Yudaokou pasture; the hottest month is July, the average temperature is 20.7 ℃. The annual average maximum temperature is between 7.00 ℃ and 13.00 ℃, and the annual average minimum temperature is between - 8 ℃ and 4 ℃; the annual extreme maximum temperature is 39.40 ℃, which appears on July 14, 2000.

From 1991 to 2005, the annual average temperature was 5.80 ℃, which was 1.10 ℃ higher than that before 1980s. The most obvious temperature change was from January to March, which was 1.40 ℃, 2.70 ℃ and 1.50 ℃ higher than the historical average respectively. 60 ℃ in summer.

precipitation

The annual precipitation of Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County is 300-560 mm, and the spatial and temporal distribution is quite different. From the geographical distribution, the west of the county is less rainy area, the east of the county is less rainy area, and the middle of the county is rainy area. From the perspective of seasonal distribution, the precipitation is mainly concentrated in summer. The precipitation from June to August accounts for 68% - 72% of the annual precipitation, while the precipitation in spring is less, accounting for only 12% - 15% of the annual precipitation. In winter, the precipitation in Bashang area in the north is more than that in the south, which can reach more than 10 mm, and that in other towns is 3-5 mm. The precipitation during crop growth accounts for about 85% of the whole year.

There was no significant change in the average precipitation from 1991 to 2005, but there was a relatively rainy period and a less rainy period in 15 years. The period from 1991 to 1999 was relatively rainy, with an average precipitation of 535.80 mm; the period after 2000 was relatively less rainy, especially from 2000 to 2002. The precipitation in June and July of 2000 was only 59.70 mm, and the spring drought continued to may in 2001; the spring and summer drought occurred intermittently in 2002, with a precipitation of 5.20 mm in May and 22.70 mm in July . There are three historical extreme values of precipitation in 2003, that is, the precipitation in August is only 10.40 mm, which is the least in the same period of history; the precipitation in September is 198.00 mm, which is the most in the same period of history; the total annual precipitation is 604.00 mm, which is the most in history.

evaporation

The annual average evaporation is about 1491.10 mm, with the minimum in winter and the maximum in summer. In terms of the ratio of evaporation to precipitation, the evaporation is the largest in spring, which is 8-10 times of precipitation. Therefore, soil moisture loss is serious, leading to spring drought and sandstorm weather.

Frost period

The frost period of Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County varies greatly. Before 1980, the first frost was on September 20, the last frost was on May 14, and the frost free period was 128 days in the south central region; the first frost was on September 12, the last frost was on May 25, and the frost free period was 111 days in the northwest region; the first frost was on August 25, the last frost was on June 22, and the frost free period was 6 days in the Bashang plateau region

Chinese PinYin : He Bei Sheng Cheng De Shi Wei Chang Man Zu Meng Gu Zu Zi Zhi Xian