Xuanen County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province

Xuanen County, a county under the jurisdiction of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province, is located in the southwest of Hubei Province, bordering Hefeng in the East, Xianfeng in the west, Enshi City in the northeast, northwest and North, Laifeng in the southwest, Longshan and Sangzhi in Hunan Province in the southeast. It is located at the junction of Wuling Mountain and Qiyue mountain, with a subtropical monsoon humid mountain climate, covering a total area of 2740 square meters It has a total population of 358000 in 2017.

Xuanen set up a county government in the Qing Dynasty. In 1735, the Ministry of war and the Ministry of Li submitted a collegiate proposal according to maizhushu, governor of Huguang. They were granted the favor of Qianlong and named Xuanen, which means "declaring the great Royal favor". Xuan'en's grass collecting gongs and drums and xuan'en's three stick drums have been included in the national intangible cultural heritage protection list. Pengjiazhai and Qingyang Liangting ancient street have been named as "famous historical and cultural villages in China". On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce. On December 29, 2018, it was named the Sixth Batch of national demonstration areas (units) for national unity and progress by the National People's commission. In March 2019, it was listed as the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization area sub County list. On April 29, 2019, the people's Government of Hubei Province decided to withdraw Xuanen county from poverty-stricken county.

In 2017, Xuanen county achieved a GDP of 6.616 billion yuan, an increase of 6.8% over the previous year; the added value of the primary industry was 1.613 billion yuan, an increase of 4.3%; the added value of the secondary industry was 1.909 billion yuan, an increase of 5.8%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 3.094 billion yuan, an increase of 8.9%. The second batch of national agricultural product quality and safety counties.

Historical evolution

Xuanen region was the land of the monarch in ancient times. Zhou belongs to kuizi state. Spring and autumn belong to the state of Bazi. According to the records of the state of Huayang Ba Zhi: "the land of Huayang, the land of Liang and min, is a confinement; the country in the confinement, then Bashu.". It is divided into Yugui and Dongjing. The king was unheard of in the world.

Since the five emperors, Huang Di and Gao Yang have been the branch of the common people, and they have been called Hou Bo. And Yu river life state, Ba, Shu belong to Liangzhou.

In the early Warring States period, Xuanen belonged to Baipu of Ba state, and in the later period, it belonged to Chu Wu County.

The Qin Dynasty belonged to Qianzhong county.

In Han Dynasty, to the north of Dongmenguan belonged to Nanjun of Jingzhou, and to the South belonged to Wuling.

During the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to Shu first and then to Wu. In the north is Shaqu County, Jianping County, Jingzhou; in the south is Wuling county.

The Jin Dynasty was subordinate to Yanqian.

Jiande three years of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (574) home Shizhou, Quxian sand control.

In Daye of Sui Dynasty, Qingjiang county was set up and Shizhou was changed in the second year of Yining (618).

In the Tang Dynasty, it was located in Qinghua County of Shizhou in the middle of Guizhou Province, and ruled Qingjiang county.

In the Five Dynasties, Xuanen belonged to Qingjiang County in Shizhou in the north and Jimi Ganhua Prefecture in the south.

In the Song Dynasty, Xuanen belonged to "Kuizhou Road, Shizhou and Qingjiang county" in the north and "Jinghu North Road, Gaozhou, shunzhou and baoshunzhou" in the south.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Xuanen region set up "yanbianxidong recruitment department", "muce appeasement Department", "shixidong Department", "zhongjiandu Marshal's office" and so on, which belonged to "Xuanwei Department of southern Sichuan Province".

In the Ming Dynasty, Xuanen region set up chieftains such as "Shi Nan Xuan Fu Si", which belonged to "Shi Zhou Wei, Huguang political envoy". Ming History: Shi Nan Xuan Fu Si (Xuanwei Si of Shi Nan Dao in Yuan Dynasty) was abolished in December of the fourth year of Hongwu (1371). Sixteen years (1383) December restoration, belongs to shizhouwei. It was abolished in 1394. Yongle two years (1404) in May to set up the chief secretary, belongs to Datian military and civilian thousand households. In March of 1406, he was promoted to xuanfusi, still belonging to Wei (the old rule in the East, and later moved to Jiabi longkong, that is, the present rule). In the west, there is Qianjiang River, which originates from Qiyao mountain. The southwest flow joins with Houjiang River and enters Pengshui County, Sichuan Province. One hundred Li from Wei in the north, he led the fifth pacification department. Zhongdong pacification division (Yuanhu Zhenbian Xuanwei division, Ming Yuzhen changed yanbianxidong Xuanfu division, Hongwu five years (1372) in the first month changed yanbianxidong long lawsuit, later abandoned, Yongle four years (1406) in March changed, South Youxi). Gaoluo pacification division (yuan Gaoluo Xuanfu division, Ming Yuzhen changed pacification division, Hongwu six years (1373) abolished. Yongle four years (1406) in March, the restoration, led by the chief officer.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Xuanen area was the chieftain of Shinan, still belonging to shizhouwei; in the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), it belonged to Enshi county. According to the records of the Qing Dynasty, renyin (December 20, 1735) was incorporated into Enshi County by the 15 chieftains (Zhongdong, Sanmao, Zhonglu, Zhongxiao, Gaoluo, muce, Dawang, Jindong, Labi, Dongliu, Tangya, Longtan, Shaxi, Maodong, Manshui) in November of the 13th year of Yongzheng. Go to shizhouwei facility Nanfu. It has jurisdiction over five counties, including Enshi County, Xuanen County, Laifeng County, Xianfeng County and Lichuan County. Xuanen was named after the county of Shinan, Zhongdong, Gaoluo, muce, Dongxiang, Zhongjian and shihudi. Hu Guang governor maizhu university scholars and Hubei Fu Chen Ma Huibo together with the title of "shizhouwei changed the county as Meng Yuyun respectfully asked: the emperor appointed the name of the county". "Xuanen" is named after "Fengxuan Zhaoen". Moral: to declare the Royal favor. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), Chen Yu, the supervisor of Zhenglan Banner of the Han Army, was appointed as the first county magistrate. He explored the border to define the territory and used Shinan chieftain as the County Department. Jurisdiction is divided into 3 townships and 7 Li, Dongxiang facilities Nanli, Dongxiang facilities; Xixiang set shihuli, Nanxiang set gaoluoli, zhongdongli, muceli, zhongjianli. In 1911, on October 28th, Shi Nan and Xuan en belonged to Shi Nan's mansion of Hubei military government of the Republic of China.

In 1912, Xuanen county was established in Hubei Province. In the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915), it was changed to Jingnan Road, in the fourteenth year of the Republic of China (1925), it was changed to Shihe Road, and in the sixteenth year of the Republic of China (1927), it was abandoned and returned to the province. In 1928, it was changed into the western Hubei administrative region, in 1932, it was changed into the tenth administrative supervision region of Hubei Province, and in 1936, it was changed into the seventh administrative supervision region of Hubei Province, until the liberation of Xuanen County on November 10, 1949.

On November 11, 1949, Xuanen County People's government was established, which was subordinate to Enshi special region (on August 19, 1983, the State Council approved the cancellation of Enshi regional administrative office and the establishment of Western Hubei Tujia Miao Autonomous Prefecture). On April 4, 1993, the State Council approved to change the name of Tujia Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Western Hubei Province to Enshi Tujia Miao Autonomous Prefecture.

administrative division

By 2018, Xuanen county has jurisdiction over 5 towns and 4 townships: Zhushan Town, chunmuying Township, Changtanhe Dong Township, Xiaoguan Dong Township, Wanzhai Township, Gaoluo Town, Lijiahe Town, Jiaoyuan town and shadaogou town. The county people's government is located at 8 Renmin Road, Zhushan Town.

geographical environment

Location context

Xuanen county is located in the southwest of Hubei Province, in the south of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. Its geographical coordinates are 109 ° 11 ′ - 109 ° 55 ′, 29 ° 33 ′ - 30 ° 12 ′, 73.9 km long from north to South and 71.5 km wide from east to west. Hefeng in the East, Xianfeng in the west, Enshi in the northeast, northwest and North, Laifeng in the southwest, Longshan and Sangzhi in Hunan Province in the southeast. The total area of the county is 2740 square kilometers.

topographic features

Xuanen is an extension of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. It is located at the junction of Wuling Mountain and Qiyue mountain, and on the southeast, middle and northwest edge of the county. There are several northeast to southwest trending mountains across the county, forming many platforms, hills, small basins, flat dams, transverse slopes, valleys, Gorges and other landforms.

The topography of Xuanen county is affected by geological structure. Due to the skeleton caused by geological structure, after several times of weathering and erosion and external force, the general trend of high in Northeast and low in southwest is formed. Starting from chunmuying of Pingding high mountain, there are two mountains: one is n-shaped mountain, which is called Wanling mountain and Longma mountain. Its main ridge is from chunmuying Sunping to dangyangping Dapo from ShuiHe, jigongling, Mazongling, shaping, Miaoya and Huangnitang in the southwest, turning to Jiaping and kucaoping in the northwest, from tuyuhe to maobatang, then turning to the southwest, passing Dongmenguan, damaopoying, woxiping and dashanping to lengcaojianfeng, with a total length of 100 km. Another S-shaped mountain is called Qinjia mountain. The ridge turns eastward from chunmuying to tianshanpu from xiashaobayan, yitianmen, tanzidong, Daya, liaoye, Maoping to Chayuan, passes xueluozhai, Yuquan, Yexi to Badagong mountain, then turns southwest, passes Erping to Longshan County, Hunan Province, with a total length of 60 km. It is the natural boundary between Xuanen and Hefeng, and Sangzhi County, Hunan Province. In addition, there is a ridge on the North Bank of Gongshui and across the northwest border. From xiaoguzhu in Wanzhai, it enters Xianfeng County through Baiguo, Liangfeng, Jiaoyuan, Xiaoguan and Huangcaoba, with a total length of more than 50 kilometers.

climate

Xuanen county has a mid subtropical monsoon humid mountain climate. With the change of altitude, there are obvious vertical differences. The low mountain belt below 800 meters above sea level has four distinct seasons, warm winter and hot summer, synchronous rain and heat. The average annual temperature is 15.8 ℃, frost free period is 294 days, annual precipitation is 1491.3 mm, and annual sunshine hours is 1136.2 hours. At an altitude of 800-1200 meters, the two high mountains are late in spring and early in autumn, wet and rainy, and lack of light and temperature. The average annual temperature is 13.7 ℃, the frost free period is 263 days, the annual precipitation is 1635.3 mm, and the annual sunshine hours are 1212.4 hours. In the alpine area above 1200 meters above sea level, the climate is cold and cool, long winter and short summer, easy to waterlogging and less drought, with an average annual temperature of 8.9 ℃, 203 frost free days, annual precipitation of 1867 mm, and annual sunshine hours of 1519.9 hours.

natural resources

water resource

Xuanen county has a dense river network, crisscross, a total of 121 large and small rivers, with a total length of 537.65 km, of which the drainage area is 10 square meters

Chinese PinYin : Hu Bei Sheng En Shi Tu Jia Zu Miao Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Xuan En Xian