Xianfeng County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province

Xianfeng County Xianfeng County is a county under the jurisdiction of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province. The name of the county takes the meaning of "Xianqing Fengnian" and has the ancient reputation of "Jingnan Xiongzhen" and "chushupinghan". Located in the border area of Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou and Chongqing, it is 98 km away from Enshi, the capital of Chongqing, and 53 km away from Qianjiang District of Chongqing. Located in the east of Wuling and the southwest of Hubei Province, it is an important place in the south of Jingzhou. The county government is located in gaoleshan town.

Xianfeng County has a total land area of 2550 square kilometers, including 44000 hectares of arable land. The average altitude is about 800 meters. In 2017, it has jurisdiction over 10 towns, one district, 263 villages with a total population of 420000, including Tujia, Miao, Korean, Dongxiang, Mongolian, she and other ethnic minorities.

Historical evolution

Before the Zhou Dynasty, it was a barbarian state. In the early years of the cycle, it was the place of Bazi state, and later it was the place of Ziguo state; in the Warring States period, it was the place of Wujun County of Chu state; in the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Qianzhong County; in the Han Dynasty, it belonged to Wuling County; in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it belonged to Nanjun County; in the Three Kingdoms, it belonged to Jianping County; in the Qi and Liang dynasties, it belonged to Yidu County; in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Xianfeng County, Laifeng County and Xuanen county were called wufei county.

In the Sui Dynasty, Xianfeng and Laifeng counties were called Kaiyi counties, which were under the jurisdiction of Shizhou. In the Tang Dynasty, Kaiyi county was changed into a county, and Qingjiang county (including Enshi, Xuanen, Laifeng, Xianfeng and Lichuan) was set up instead of Kaiyi county. In the Five Dynasties, Xianfeng and Laifeng counties were designated as reformatory prefectures. In Song Dynasty, it was a rich state, later changed to Jimi Rouyuan state, initially named Yizhou, later changed to anding state.

In the thirty first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1294 AD), sanmaofu was set up in the prefecture; in the sixth year of Zhizheng (1346 AD), sanmaozhai was set up, and the Tang Yasi, Longtan Si and Jindong Si were set up at the same time.

Ming Hongwu five years (AD 1372) set its land, seven years (AD 1374) cut half of Maosi land (now Xianfeng County Longtan River south) set up Datian army and people thousand households, jurisdiction Dawang, Longtan, Tangya, Jindong, Xiping each division; 23 years (AD 1390) set up Datian army and people thousand households to defend.

In the 13th year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty (1735 AD), the land was converted to Liuliu, and a county was set up among the military and civilian households in Datian, Tangya, Longtan, Jindong and Xiping. The governor of Huguang, Mai GUI, invited emperor Shizong of the Qing Dynasty to appoint Xianfeng County, which means "Xianqing Fengnian". (according to Jiaqing's revision of the unified annals, Xianfeng County was established in 1735, the 13th year of Yongzheng reign, and Emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne in 1851, 116 years earlier than emperor Xianfeng. Therefore, Emperor Xianfeng has nothing to do with the establishment of Xianfeng County.)

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the government was abolished and the county was directly under the province; in the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915 AD), it belonged to jingnandao; in the fifteenth year (1926 AD), it belonged to shihedao; in the sixteenth year (1927 AD), it was abolished and the county was restored to the province; in the seventeenth year of the Republic of China (1928 AD), it belonged to the western Hubei Administrative Committee; in the twenty first year (1932 AD), it was changed to the tenth administrative supervision district; in the twenty fifth year of the Republic of China (1936 AD), it was on April 16 In 1949, Xianfeng belonged to it.

After the liberation of the county on November 11, 1949 (September 21, 1949), Xianfeng County People's government was established and subordinate to Enshi district administrative office of Hubei Province (formerly Enshi District Commissioner Office).

In 1970, it belonged to Enshi area.

In 1983, it belonged to Tujia Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Western Hubei.

In 1993, it belongs to Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.

administrative division

Division evolution

Since 1996, Xianfeng County has jurisdiction over six towns and seven townships: gaoleshan Town, jiamachi Town, Chaoyang temple town, Erxianyan Town, Zhongbao Town, Qingping Town, Huangjindong Township, Xiaocun Township, Jianshan Township, huolongping Township, daluba Township, dingzhai Township and Yangdong township. It covers an area of 2550 square kilometers and has a population of 348000, including 319000 ethnic minorities. The county government is located in gaoleshan town.

According to the fifth census in 2000, the total population of Xianfeng County is 363710, including 73764 in gaoleshan Town, 15633 in Zhongbao Town, 17145 in jiamachi Town, 14259 in Chaoyang temple town, 8340 in Erxianyan Town, 45378 in Qingping Town, 30288 in dingzhai Township, 35472 in Yangdong Township, 9213 in daluba Township, 39529 in Jianshan Township, 29348 in huolongping Township, 20588 in Xiaocun Township and 24753 in Huangjindong township.

？ In, Yangdong township was abolished and merged into jiamachi town; daluba township was abolished and merged into Chaoyang temple town; Erxianyan town was abolished and merged into huolongping township.

By the end of 2004, Xianfeng County had an area of 2550 square kilometers and a total population of 358132. It governs 5 towns of gaoleshan, Zhongbao, jiamachi, Chaoyang temple and Qingping, 5 townships of dingzhai, Jianshan, huolongping, Xiaocun and Huangjindong, 5 neighborhood committees and 184 village committees.

By the end of 2005, Xianfeng County had an area of 2550 square kilometers and a total population of 357900. It has jurisdiction over 5 towns and 5 townships. There are 5 neighborhood committees and 288 village committees.

According to the sixth census in 2010, the total resident population of Xianfeng County is 300618, including 81220 in gaoleshan Town, 10804 in Zhongbao Town, 43615 in jiamachi Town, 10701 in Chaoyang temple town, 33268 in Qingping Town, 21103 in dingzhai Town, 29042 in Jianshan town, 29982 in huolongping Town, 17159 in Xiaocun town, 16419 in Huangjindong town and 7305 in daluba district.

On September 11, 2012, the provincial government approved that jiamachi town should be renamed pingbaying town (implemented on November 5). After the adjustment, the county governs five towns and five townships: gaoleshan Town, Zhongbao Town, pingbaying Town, Chaoyang temple town, Qingping Town, dingzhai Township, Jianshan Township, huolongping Township, Xiaocun Township and Huangjindong township.

Zoning details

As of November 2018, Xianfeng County has jurisdiction over 7 towns, 3 townships and 1 District Working Committee, gaoleshan Town, Zhongbao Town, pingbaying Town, dingzhai Town, Chaoyang temple town, Qingping Town, Tangya Town, Xiaocun Township, Huangjindong Township, huolongping Township and daluba District Working Committee.

geographical environment

position

Xianfeng County is located in the east of Wuling and the southwest of Hubei Province. It is the hinterland of Chu and Shu. It is an important place in the south of Jing. In ancient times, it was known as "Jingnan Xiongzhen" and "Chushu pinghan". East longitude is 108 ° 37 ′ 8 ″ - 109 ° 20 ′ 8 ″, north latitude is 29 ° 19 ′ 28 ″ - 30 ° 2 ′ 54 ″. It is located in the border area of Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou and Chongqing provinces (cities). It is 98 km away from Enshi and 53 km away from Qianjiang District of Chongqing.

terrain

There are 333 large caves with undulating mountains and ravines in the county. The main mountains are Xingdou Mountain, rentou mountain, Erxianyan, pingbaying, etc., with a total of more than 7900 mountain tops. The topography is complex, high in the south, low in the middle and inclined from the east to the West. The river bed along the Longtan River is high in the northeast and low in the southwest, forming a river backflow. The highest elevation is 1911.5 meters, and the lowest elevation is 445 meters. The relative elevation difference is 1466.5 meters, mainly in the two high mountains, accounting for 68% of the total area. The Tangya river flows through the central part.

natural resources

Botany

In 2010, the forest coverage rate of Xianfeng County reached 77.2%, which is the backbone of the forest sea in Western Hubei. Excellent ecology and suitable climate breed abundant products. More than 160 families and 900 species of herbaceous plants have been found, with more than 10 world-class precious tree species communities, such as Davidia involucrata, Rhododendron, Taxus chinensis, etc. "Golden tung oil" is well-known all over the world, and high-quality dam paint is sold overseas, known as the natural botanical garden. 1172 species of medicinal plants belonging to 178 families have been discovered. They are mainly precious Chinese medicinal materials, such as Coptis chinensis, Atractylodes macrocephala, Codonopsis, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Solidago nitidum, Panax japonicus, etc., which are known as "Chinese herbal medicine library".

Xianfeng is the production base of high quality flue-cured tobacco in China. Xianfeng is known as "the first township of piglets in Hubei". The "Huchuan mountain pig" produced here is well-known in Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou provinces. Its processed "selenium rich suckling pig" series products are well-known throughout the country and sell well in Southeast Asia.

animal

There are more than 210 species of wild animals, including 5 species of national first-class protected animals such as leopard and Swertia, and nearly 20 species of national second-class protected animals such as macaque, pangolin, black bear, civet cat and civet. Zhongjianhe is a provincial nature reserve for giant salamander.

Mineral deposits

As of 2012, Xianfeng County is rich in treasures, with more than 40 kinds of minerals discovered, including rare jade, rosin jade, rare high-grade selenium resource deposits in the world, about 16700 hectares. Coal and mercury are Grade A reserves, and 13 kinds of minerals, such as barite, marble, calcite, copper, kaolin, are grade D reserves. Among them, the coal bearing strata cover an area of 534.81 square kilometers, with reserves of 16.44 million tons and reserves of 15 million tons.

waterpower

The territory is rich in hydropower resources. Water energy reserves reach 220000 kilowatts.

Population nationality

population

According to the fifth census in 2000, the total population of Xianfeng County is 363710, including 73764 in gaoleshan Town, 15633 in Zhongbao Town, 17145 in jiamachi Town, 14259 in Chaoyang temple town, 8340 in Erxianyan Town, 45378 in Qingping Town, 30288 in dingzhai Township, 35472 in Yangdong Township, 9213 in daluba Township, 39529 in Jianshan Township, 29348 in huolongping Township, 20588 in Xiaocun Township and 24753 in Huangjindong township. As of 2013, the total population is 364000. Xianfeng is a multi-ethnic county. There are 18 ethnic groups in the county, and the minority population accounts for 85% of the total population.

nation

Chinese PinYin : Hu Bei Sheng En Shi Tu Jia Zu Miao Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Xian Feng Xian