Lingbao City, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province

Lingbao Lingbao City is located in the west of Henan Province at the junction of Henan, Qinling Mountains in the South and the Yellow River in the north. It has jurisdiction over 10 towns, 5 townships and 440 administrative villages, with a total area of 3011 square kilometers and a permanent resident population of 735100 (2017), including 847000 mu of cultivated land and 110000 non-agricultural population. It is known as the "golden city", "the hometown of apple", "the source of Taoism" and "tourist resort".

Lingbao City, located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, is one of the earliest birthplaces of human activities. It is located between the two ancient capitals of Chang'an and Luoyang, with rich remains of ancient tombs and sites. After liberation, more than 20000 precious cultural relics have been unearthed, of which nearly 100 are rare in China. In December 2017, he was elected as one of China's top 100 industrial counties (cities). In October 2018, it was selected as one of the top 100 counties and cities with investment potential in 2018. In November 2018, it was selected as one of the top 100 industrial counties (cities) in 2018. The second batch of national agricultural product quality and safety counties.

In 2018, the gross regional product was 53.43 billion yuan, an increase of 5.9%; the general public budget revenue was 2.11 billion yuan; the industrial added value was 5.31 billion yuan, an increase of 6%; the fixed asset investment was 24.03 billion yuan, an increase of 10%; the total retail sales of social consumer goods was 18.58 billion yuan, an increase of 10.6%; the per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents increased by 8.2% and 9.1% respectively.

Historical evolution

Lingbao, located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization and the hub of Henan, qinjin and Shanxi provinces. Hanguguan formed a natural barrier in the territory. It was the key point connecting Luoyang, Chang'an, Kyoto and the capital of the emperor in ancient times. It was a place for military strategists of all dynasties.

As early as about 1.7 million years ago in the Paleolithic age, the ancestors lit the sacred fire of human civilization in Lingbao and lived in this ancient land. Especially in the past five or six thousand years, there have been brilliant Yangshao culture and Longshan Culture in Lingbao area, leaving many historical legends of three emperors and five emperors.

Lingbaoyu belonged to Yuzhou in summer, Taolin in Shang Dynasty, taolinsai in Zhou Dynasty, and Hanguguan in Hanguguan. At the beginning of the spring and Autumn period, it belonged to Guo and Guanxi to Qin. When Jin destroyed Guo, Han Gu and Guandong belonged to Jin.

Taolin county was established in Qin Dynasty, which belongs to Sanchuan county. In 114 BC, Hanguguan moved to Xin'an County. In the same year, Hongnong county (named after hongnongjianshui) was established in Hanguguan.

In the fourth year of Yuanding in the Western Han Dynasty, Hongnong county was set up, with 11 counties including Hongnong, Shaanxi, Mianchi, Xin'an, Yiyang, Luhun, Lushi, Danshui, Xi, Shang and Shangluo. In the same year, Hu County was set up in Huguan. In the first year of Jianyuan (140 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, it was renamed Hu County, belonging to jingzhaoyin. New mang changed Hongnong county to the right team, leading Hongnong county. After the Han Dynasty, Hongnong county was restored. Jianwu two years (26 years) row Danshui, analysis of Nanyang County. In the 15th year of Jianwu (39th year), Shang and Shangluo were divided into jingzhaoyin, zenghu and Huayin counties. Hongnong County led Hongnong County, Shaanxi county, Mianchi County, Xin'an County, Yiyang County, Luhun County, Lushi County, Huxian county and Huayin County, and then changed to hengnong county and hengnong county.

During the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to Wei, still named hengnong county and hengnong county.

Jin Fu Ming Hongnong, belonging to Si Zhou, led Hongnong, Shaanxi, Mianchi, Yiyang, Hu County, Huayin six counties.

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, Lingbao area governed four counties: xihengnong County, Zhuyang County, Shicheng County and Wenxiang county.

In the third year of kaihuang (583), Hongnong county and Wenxiang county were abolished, and Guozhou was established. In the 16th year of kaihuang (596), Hucheng county was changed into Wenxiang County, and Taolin county was restored in the same year, both of which belong to Henan county. Daye three years (607), the restoration of Hongnong County, moved to hongluchuan (guolue town). Linghongnong, Changquan, Lushi and Zhuyang counties. In the first year of Yining (617), Hucheng county was restored and Wenxiang county still existed, belonging to Henan county. In the same year, Hongnong county changed its name to Fenglin County, leading Hongnong County, Wenxiang county and Hucheng County, belonging to Yuzhou. At this time, there were seven counties in Lingbao area, namely Hongnong, Zhuyang, Yiyang, Taolin, Wenxiang, Hucheng and Yucheng (established in the first year of Yining).

In 618, Fenglin county changed its name to Dingzhou (originally named after the Ding made by the Yellow Emperor of Wenxiang) and moved to Wenxiang. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), Guozhou was transferred to Hongnong by the Lu family, renamed Guojun and abandoned Dingzhou. In the first year of Tianbao (742), it was renamed Guozhou and led six counties, namely Hongnong, Wenxiang, Hucheng, Zhuyang, Yucheng and Lushi. In the same year, due to the excavation of "lingfu" in the former residence of Yin Xi in Hanguguan, Taolin county was changed into Lingbao County, belonging to Shanzhou. The Five Dynasties belonged to the Baoyi army of the later Tang Dynasty, still named Guozhou and Lingxian.

In song, Liao and Jin Dynasties, it was still named Guozhou, leading guolue, Zhuyang, Lushi and Luanchuan counties, belonging to Shaanxi road. At this time, Yucheng County of Shaanxi Province entered guolue, and Lingbao County, Wenxiang county and Hucheng County belonged to Shanzhou.

From the Yuan Dynasty to the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1265), Hucheng entered Wenxiang (Wendi town is the county). In 1266, Lingbao entered Shanxian County. In 1271, Lingbao was restored to Shanzhou. In 1273, there were two counties, Lingbao and Wenbao, belonging to Shanzhou, Henan Province.

In Ming Dynasty, Lingbao and Wenxiang belonged to Henan Prefecture and then to Shanzhou. Wenxiang county was moved to the former site of Tanghu city. In the Qing Dynasty, Lingbao and Wenxiang belonged to Shanzhou.

In the early years of the Republic of China, it belonged to Yuxi Road, Henan Province. In 1933, it was the 11th administrative region of Henan Province.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Lingbao and Wenxiang were originally under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi Province.

In April 1952, the Shanzhou special region was abolished and became Luoyang special region.

In June 1954, Lingbao and Wenxiang joined the county, still known as Lingbao county.

In 1959, it was transferred to guolue town. In February 1986, Luoyang district was abolished, Sanmenxia City was upgraded to prefecture level city, and Lingbao county was under the jurisdiction of Sanmenxia.

In May 1993, Lingbao was set up as a city instead of a county.

administrative division

Before October 2006, Lingbao City had jurisdiction over 10 towns and 5 townships, including Dawang Town, Yangdian Town, Yinzhuang Town, Chengguan Town, Hanguguan Town, Jiaocun Town, Zhuyang Town, Yangping Town, Guxian Town, Yuling Town, Chuankou Township, Sihe Township, Sucun Township, Wumu Township and Xiyan township. In November 2006, two management committees of Jianxi District and Jiandong district were established according to Lingfa No. 19 "working opinions of CPC Lingbao Municipal Committee and Lingbao Municipal People's Government on the establishment of management committees of Jianxi District and Jiandong district". By the end of 2012, there were 10 towns, 5 townships, 2 urban management committees, 440 villages and 21 residents committees.

geographical environment

geographical position

Lingbao City is located in the west of Henan Province, with Xiaoqinling mountain and Gushan Mountain in the south, Luonan County in Shaanxi Province, Lushi County and Luoning County in Henan Province; the Yellow River in the north, Ruicheng County and Pinglu County in Shanxi Province across the river; Shanzhou District in Henan Province in the East; Tongguan County in Shaanxi Province in the West. The geographical coordinates are between 110 ° 21 ′ 18 ″ - 111 ° 11 ′ 35 ″ E and 34 ° 07 ′ 10 ″ - 34 ° 44 ′ 21 ″ n.

topographic features

In the tectonic position, Lingbao area is located in the southern margin of North China platform, which is a part of western Henan fault uplift on the southern margin of North China platform and adjacent to Qinling geosynclinal fold system in the south. Its occurrence and development are mainly controlled by the basement of North China platform, and strongly influenced by the Qinling paleotrough and Mesozoic Pacific Rim tectonic activities. Lingbao area can be divided into five geological structure units (i.e. Yellow River fault depression basin, taihuashan arch uplift, zhuyangzhen fault depression basin, Gushan uplift and Qinchi uplift), and two geological structures (i.e. fold structure and fault structure). From the old to the new, the exposed strata mainly include Archean, great wall system, Jixian system, Sinian system, Cambrian system, Cretaceous system, tertiary system and quaternary system (without Ordovician Jurassic strata). Magmatic activities are mainly distributed in Taihua platform arch, Qinchi uplift and Gushan uplift belt, mainly in intermediate acid rock mass, which is the main heat source condition for the formation of endogenetic metallic minerals. According to the time, it can be divided into Archean, Proterozoic and Mesozoic, and the Mesozoic Yanshanian magmatic activity is the most intense.

Influenced by the geological movement, the surface of Lingbao City is composed of mountain, tuyuan and river terraces, and the landform is generally divided into "seven mountains, two plains and one river". The terrain is high in the South and low in the north. From north to south, the altitude gradually rises from 308m to 2413.8m, and the altitude difference between North and south is 2105.8m. With hongnongjian River as the boundary, Xiaoqinling mountains in the southwest enter Shaanxi from east to west, with steep mountains. Laoyachanao, the main peak, is 2413.8 meters above sea level, the highest point in Henan Province; in the southeast, Gushan Mountain fluctuates gently. There are 3702 mountain tops and 9303 gullies in Xiaoqinling and Gushan mountains. The main peaks are Yanzi mountain, Niangniang mountain, Yawu mountain and Xianshan mountain. There are six plains and six valleys in the whole area. From west to East, the six great plains are: baoliyuan, guocunyuan, chengcunyuan, loudiyuan, jiaocunyuan and tielingyuan; from west to East, the six great valleys are: Xiyu, Wenyu, zaoxiangyu, zangmayu, dahuyu and fenghuangyu.

Climatic characteristics

Lingbao City is a warm temperate continental semi humid monsoon climate with mild climate and four distinct seasons. In 2006, the temperature of Lingbao City was obviously higher, the precipitation was normal, and the sunshine was normal. During the year, disastrous weather such as cold wave, Blizzard, gale, drought, high temperature, summer drought, continuous rain and hail occurred one after another. For agricultural production, the climate condition belongs to normal year. The annual average temperature of Lingbao City is 14.5 ℃, which is 1.1 ℃ higher than that of normal years; the annual precipitation is 606.5 mm, which is 6.9 mm more than that of normal years; the annual total sunshine hours is 2253 hours, which is 47.6 hours more than that of normal years.

natural resources

land resource

Lingbao City has a total area of 3011 square kilometers, including 1481 square kilometers of mountainous area, accounting for 49.2% of the total area; 1208 square kilometers of hilly area, accounting for 40.1% of the total area; 322 square kilometers of plain area, accounting for 10.7% of the total area. 2006, 2012

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Sheng San Men Xia Shi Ling Bao Shi