Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province

Jiaxing, also known as Hecheng, is a prefecture level city in Zhejiang Province, one of the 27 cities in the central area of the Yangtze River Delta, and a tourist city with the characteristics of Jiangnan Water Town approved by the State Council. By 2019, the city has two districts, two counties and three county-level cities under its jurisdiction, with a total area of 4275.05 square kilometers, 4.8 million permanent residents and 3.2352 million urban residents, with an urbanization rate of 67.4% and 2.47 million permanent residents.

Jiaxing is located in East China, the northeast of Zhejiang Province and the hinterland of Hangjiahu Plain in the Yangtze River Delta. It is located at the Yangtze River lake sea fair and the throat of the Taihu Hunan corridor. It is an important city in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, Shanghai metropolitan area, the core city in Dawan District of Zhejiang Province and the deputy central city of Hangzhou metropolitan area. It is less than 100 kilometers away from Shanghai, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Ningbo and other cities. As the hub of Shanghai Hangzhou, Suzhou Hangzhou transportation trunk line, it has convenient transportation.

Jiaxing is a national famous historical and cultural city. Its establishment began in the Qin Dynasty. It has a history of more than 2000 years. Since ancient times, Jiaxing has been a prosperous and prosperous place, known as "the land of fish and rice" and "the house of silk". There are many celebrities in Jiaxing, such as Mao Dun, Xu Zhimo, Jin Yong, Jin xueshu, Chen Shengshen, Wang Guowei, Feng Zikai, Zhang Leping and so on. Jiaxing is famous for its natural scenery of tide, lake, river and sea. It has three 5A scenic spots of Nanhu, Wuzhen and Xitang, as well as famous scenic spots of Yanguan (qianjiangchao), Nanbei lake, Qiyuan, Yuehe Historical District, meihuazhou, Jiulongshan, Donghu, Mo's manor, Maodun's former residence and Xu Zhimo's former residence, which constitute the characteristics of Jiangnan Water Town. The first National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) successfully closed in Jiaxing The birthplace of the Communist Party of China has become an important revolutionary memorial in modern Chinese history.

Since 2013, Wuzhen Drama Festival and Xitang Hanfu culture week have been held every year. In 2014, Wuzhen in Jiaxing became the permanent site of the world Internet Conference. In September 2018, he won the "2018 China Europe green Smart City Award".

Historical evolution

Jiaxing is the birthplace of Majiabang culture in the Neolithic age. 7000 years ago, there were ancestors engaged in farming, animal husbandry, fishing and hunting activities in the city. In the spring and Autumn period, it was named Changshui, also known as Huili, where Wu and Yue competed. In the Warring States period, Chu was included. Qin set by Boxing County, Haiyan County, is the county of Kuaiji. In the Han Dynasty, the sea was boiled for salt, and the farmland for grain. In the Three Kingdoms period, Wu Guoxiong was located in the east of the Yangtze River, and Yanguan county was set up in the south of Quan county and the west of Haiyan County. Wu Huanglong three years (231) "from boxing wild rice born", Wu Emperor Sun Quan thought auspicious, changed from boxing to Hexing, chiwu five years (242) renamed Jiaxing. During the Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties, Jiaxing was further developed. "When one year old or one year old, several counties forget hunger.".

In the Sui Dynasty, the Jiangnan River, the Grand Canal from Hangzhou to Zhenjiang via Jiaxing, was excavated, which brought the benefits of irrigation boats to Jiaxing. In the tenth year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (751), Huating county was established in the east of Jiaxing County, Haiyan, Kunshan and other counties. In the Tang Dynasty, there were 27 tuntian villages in Jiaxing. Jiaxing had become an important grain producing area in Southeast China. There was a saying that Jiahe was a good place, Jianghuai was a good place; Jiahe was a sorry place, Jianghuai was a thrifty place. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the state of Wu and Yue set up Kaiyuan Prefecture in Jiaxing, which led Jiaxing, Haiyan and Huating counties. It was the first time for Jiaxing to set up state power. In the fifth year of Tianfu (940), Emperor Gaozu of the later Jin Dynasty, he set up Xiuzhou in Jiaxing and led the four counties of Jiaxing, Haiyan, Huating and Chongde. Xiuzhou was changed to Jiahe County in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the first year of Qingyuan (1195) of ningzong in the Southern Song Dynasty, the county was promoted to a prefecture, and then Jiaxing army was changed.

In 1276, the emperor Shizu of Yuan Dynasty changed Jiaxing army into the Department of appeasement of Jiaxing government, and was promoted to the office of general manager of Jiaxing Road. In the song and Yuan Dynasties, Jiaxing had a relatively developed economy and was known as "a hundred crafts and skills, Suzhou and Hangzhou, etc.", "with a large population and abundant goods and wealth, Jiaxing was the best in Western Zhejiang". Zhapu, Shupu, Qinglong and other ports have frequent foreign trade and prosperous shipping. Ming Xuande five years (1430) analysis of Jiaxing county northwest for Xiushui County, analysis of the northeast for Jiashan County; analysis of Haiyan County home Pinghu County; analysis of Chongde County home Tongxiang County, Jiaxing Prefecture under the jurisdiction of seven counties, known as a government seven counties. After that, the system of Jiaxing government and county remained basically unchanged for four or five hundred years. At that time, on the basis of the development of agriculture and handicraft industry, the commodity economy was increasingly prosperous. Cotton and silk were sold in the north and south, as far as overseas. The silk of wangjiangjing town in Jiaxing had the reputation of "clothes and quilts all over the world", Jiashan had the proverb of "endless Xitang yarn", and Puyuan town in Tongxiang was famous for "ten thousand pieces of silk produced every day". According to the records of Jiaxing Fu by Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty, "Jiaxing is a great mansion in the west of Zhejiang Province" and "a metropolis in the east of Jiangsu Province".

In the early Qing Dynasty, the Qing government carried out tax reform and rectification, and built seawalls along the Hangzhou Bay for many times. Jiaxing's social economy continued to improve and its towns became more prosperous. In 1860, the Taiping army conquered Jiaxing and established king Tingfu as the local military and political leading organization. After the middle of Qing Dynasty, Jiaxing's economy and urban appearance declined and declined due to imperialist plunder and feudal exploitation.

On November 7, 1911, Xinhai revolutionaries restored Jiaxing and established Jiaxing military and political branch. At the beginning of the Republic of China, Fu Cun county was abolished and renamed Jiahe County.

In early August 1921, the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China closed on a cruise ship in Nanhu, Jiaxing, announcing the founding of the Communist Party of China.

On May 7, 1949, Jiaxing was liberated and divided into Jiaxing county and Jiaxing City.

In August 1983, Jiaxing district administrative office was abolished and divided into Jiaxing City and Huzhou City. Jiaxing City was divided into urban and suburban areas, with jurisdiction over Jiashan, Pinghu, Tongxiang, Haining and Haiyan counties.

In January 1985, with the approval of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, Jiaxing City and Jiashan, Tongxiang and Haining counties under its jurisdiction were listed as economic open zones in the Yangtze River Delta. By 1988, Jiaxing City and five counties under its jurisdiction were listed as economic open zones.

On April 3, 2017, the Zhejiang provincial government agreed to establish a demonstration zone for Zhejiang Province to fully integrate with Shanghai.

A major historical event -- the birthplace of the Communist Party of China

On July 23, 1921, the first National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in secret at 106 Wangzhi Road, the French concession in Shanghai. In the middle of the meeting, it was harassed by the patrolling of the French Concession and was forced to stop. Wang Huiwu suggested that the meeting be transferred to the cruise ship of Nanhu in Jiaxing to continue. At the beginning of August, the delegates came to Jiaxing by morning train from Shanghai north railway station. Wang Huiwu led them to take a ferry to Huzhong Island, and then a small tugboat took Wang Huiwu's pre hired meeting cruise ship. Wang Huiwu was on guard at the bow of the boat.

In the name of visiting the lake, the delegates moored their boats in the secluded waters to the southeast of yanyulou. At about 11 a.m., the "one university" Nanhu meeting officially began. The meeting first deliberated and passed the first program and the first resolution of the Communist Party of China. By secret ballot, Chen Duxiu, Zhang Guotao and Li Da were elected to form the party's national leading body, the Central Bureau. At more than six o'clock in the afternoon, the meeting completed all the agenda, closed successfully and solemnly declared the founding of the Communist Party of China.

On April 5, 1964, Dong Biwu, a representative of the National People's Congress, inspected Nanhu and wrote a poem after inspecting the memorial ship: "in the boat of revolution, the Communist Party was born to celebrate workers and peasants. Again, it's the Qingming Festival, misty rain, visiting the old trace. " On March 18, 1991, Peng Zhen boarded the memorial ship and said, "this ship is not big, but it has a bright future. With this ship, the Socialist People's Republic of China was born.". This "Yida" memorial ship is called Nanhu red boat.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 1949, it was divided into Jiaxing county and Jiaxing City, and then it was withdrawn and merged frequently.

In August 1983, Jiaxing district administrative office was abolished and divided into Jiaxing City and Huzhou City. Jiaxing City was divided into urban and suburban areas, with jurisdiction over Jiashan, Pinghu, Tongxiang, Haining and Haiyan counties.

In November 1993, Jiaxing City was renamed Xiucheng city.

On June 21, 1999, the suburb was renamed Xiuzhou District.

In 2005, Xiucheng District of Jiaxing was renamed Nanhu District.

Zoning details

By the end of 2015, Jiaxing had jurisdiction over two municipal districts (Nanhu District and Xiuzhou District), three county-level cities (Haining City, Pinghu City and Tongxiang City), and two counties (Jiashan County and Haiyan County). There are 44 towns, 29 streets (22 Agricultural streets), 246 urban communities, 115 urban communities and 809 administrative villages.

geographical environment

Location context

Jiaxing is located in the northeast of Zhejiang Province and the hinterland of Hangjiahu Plain in the Yangtze River Delta. It is one of the important cities in the Yangtze River Delta. The city is between 30 degrees 21 minutes to 31 degrees 2 minutes north latitude and 120 degrees 18 minutes to 121 degrees 16 minutes east longitude. It is adjacent to the sea in the East, Qiantang River in the south, Taihu Lake in the north, Tianmu water in the West and the Grand Canal. The city is located at the intersection of river, sea, lake and river, and the throat of Hunan corridor. It is less than 100 kilometers away from Shanghai, Hangzhou, Suzhou and lake, and has obvious location advantages.

The land area of the city is 92 kilometers long from east to west and 76 kilometers wide from north to south, with a land area of 3915 square kilometers, including 3477 square kilometers of plains, 328 square kilometers of water surface, 40 square kilometers of hills and mountains, and 4650 square kilometers of sea area.

topographic features

The terrain of the city is low and flat, with an average altitude of 3.7 meters (Wusong elevation), among which Xiuzhou District and the north of Jiashan are the lowest, with the ground elevation generally between 3.2 meters and 3.6 meters, and some lowlands between 2.8 meters and 3.0 meters. There are more than 200 hills scattered in the North Bank of Hangzhou Bay of Qiantang River, most of which are below 200 meters above sea level. The highest point in the city is Gaoyang mountain, which is located at the junction of Haiyan and Haining. The city is a shallow dish shaped depression beside Taihu Lake. The terrain is generally inclined from southeast to northwest. Due to thousands of years of human cultivation and development, the plain is divided by the crisscross Tangpu River and canal, and the fields, land and water are crisscross

Chinese PinYin : Zhe Jiang Sheng Jia Xing Shi