Cangzhou City, Hebei Province

Cangzhou City, a prefecture level city in Hebei Province, is located in the Heilonggang basin in the southeast of Hebei Province and the east of Hebei Plain, between 37 ° 29 ′～ 38 ° 57 ′ N and 115 ° 42 ′～ 117 ° 50 ′ E. It borders Bohai Sea in the East, Tianjin and Langfang in the north, Baoding and Hengshui in the West and southwest, and Binzhou and Dezhou in Shandong Province across Zhangweixin River in the south.

Cangzhou city is named for its proximity to the Bohai Sea. The center of Cangzhou city is 120 kilometers away from Tianjin city in the north, 240 kilometers away from Beijing City, and 220 kilometers away from Shijiazhuang City in the southwest. Cangzhou has jurisdiction over 2 municipal districts, 4 county-level cities, 10 counties, Cangzhou Bohai new area, Cangzhou economic development zone and Cangzhou high tech Industrial Development Zone, with a total area of 14000 square kilometers.

In October 2020, it will be selected into the first batch of new smart city construction pilot list in Hebei Province.

Historical evolution

Cangzhou is named for its proximity to the Bohai Sea.

In ancient times, Cangzhou belonged to Youzhou and Yanzhou, Qingzhou in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Yan, Qi, Jin and Zhao in the spring and autumn and Warring States periods. In Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Julu County and Luobei County, while in Han Dynasty, it belonged to Jizhou and Youzhou.

The Three Kingdoms belong to the state of Wei, and the northern and Southern dynasties belong to Yingzhou and Jizhou in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Cangzhou was established in 517, the second year of Xiping reign of emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which governed Fuyang, Leling and ande counties. In the early Sui Dynasty, Fuyang county was abolished, and then it belonged to Hejian County, Bohai county and Pingyuan county;

In the first year of Zhenguan (627) of Tang Dynasty, it belonged to hebeidao. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Cangzhou was changed to Jingcheng county and Qingchi county (now Southeast of Cangzhou City, Hebei Province) was ruled. It covers the area to the south of Haihe River in Tianjin, to the east of Jinghai County and Qingxian County and Botou City in Hebei Province, to the north of Dongguang County and Ningjin, Leling, Wudi and other cities and counties in Shandong Province. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), Cangzhou was rebuilt.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was changed into Jingcheng County, which was later abolished and belonged to Hejian Prefecture, Hebei East Road.

The Yuan Dynasty belongs to Hejian Road, Zhongshu province.

The Ming Dynasty belongs to Hejian Prefecture of beizhili province. In the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Hejian Prefecture of Zhili Province at the beginning, and most of it later belonged to Tianjin Prefecture.

At the beginning of the Republic of China, it belonged to Bohai Dao and jinhaidao in Zhili Province. In 1928, the system of Daofu was abolished and changed to Hebei Province. During the Anti Japanese War, it was under the jurisdiction of Jizhong and Jinnan administrative offices in Shanxi Chahar Hebei border region and Bohai administrative offices in Shandong Province.

On August 1, 1949, the people's Government of Hebei Province was established, which set up Cangxian special district, with a special office in Cangxian town and jurisdiction over 11 counties.

In June 1958, after Tianjin belonged to Hebei Province, Cangxian district was merged with Tianjin District, which was called Tianjin district. The special office was located in Tianjin. In September of the same year, Cangxian town was changed into Cangzhou City (county level), and then it was withdrawn and merged into Cangxian.

At the beginning of 1959, Tianjin special area was withdrawn and merged into Tianjin city.

On June 1, 1961, Cangzhou district was restored and Cangzhou City (county level) was restored. The special office was located in Cangzhou City.

In December 1967, Cangzhou district was renamed Cangzhou area.

In December 1983, Cangzhou City was changed into a city under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province. The administrative office and the municipal government were stationed in Cangzhou City.

In July 1993, the prefecture and city merged into Cangzhou City, and the municipal government was stationed in Yunhe district.

administrative division

According to the official website of the government in 2017, Cangzhou has jurisdiction over 2 municipal districts, 4 county-level cities, 9 counties and 1 Autonomous County. There are 167 towns, including 73 towns and 20 streets. The municipal government is located in Jiefang West Road, Yunhe district.

geographical environment

Location context

Cangzhou, located in the southeast of Hebei Province, spans 37 ° 29 ′ n to 38 ° 57 ′ N and 115 ° 42 ′ e to 117 ° 50 ′ e. it is adjacent to the Bohai Sea in the East, Beijing and Tianjin in the north, Shandong in the south, and the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the urban area. It is named after the Bohai Sea in the East, meaning Canghai state. The total area is 14000 square kilometers. It is 240 km from Beijing, 120 km from Tianjin and 221 km from Shijiazhuang, the provincial capital.

topographic features

Cangzhou is located in the east of Jizhong plain, with low and flat terrain and little fluctuation. The highest altitude is 17 meters and the lowest is 2 meters. The terrain inclines from southwest to northeast. In the west is a part of the alluvial fan margin in front of Taihang Mountain. In the middle is a vast plain formed by the alluvial of Yellow River, Zhanghe River, Hutuo River and Tanghe River. In the East is a coastal lacustrine plain formed by tidal accumulation of Bohai Sea.

hydrology

Cangzhou is located in the Haihe River Basin, the territory of many rivers, known as "nine River under slightly" said. There are three water systems in the upper reaches of Cangzhou, running through the southeast and northwest, crisscross. There are more than 20 rivers converging into the sea in 9 places, many wetlands and the huge Reed Sea, which maintain a good ecological environment and are the migration and stay places of more than 200 kinds of migratory birds. Baiyangdian Lake, with a total area of 366 square kilometers, is located in Renqiu City under the jurisdiction of Cangzhou. The water of Baiyangdian Lake goes directly to Tianjin through the Daqinghe River. It is a tourist and leisure resort in the north of China.

climate

Affected by latitude and topography, Cangzhou has an obvious warm temperate continental monsoon climate. The general situation of climate is as follows: four distinct seasons, moderate temperature, sufficient light, hot and rainy season, concentrated precipitation, frequent occurrence of disastrous weather, drought in spring, waterlogging in summer, cool in autumn and dry in winter. It is dry and windy in spring, hot and rainy in summer, cool and sunny in autumn and cold and dry in winter. The annual average temperature is 12.5 ℃, and the annual average precipitation is 581 mm. The annual accumulated temperature is 4785 ℃, and the frost free period is 181 days. The seasonal distribution of precipitation and temperature and the diurnal difference of temperature are obvious.

natural resources

water resource

According to the official website of the government in July 2017, Cangzhou city is located in the lower reaches of the Jiuhe River, bordering on the Bohai Sea, with a coastline of 95.3 km, rich in wetland resources and many types. According to the survey, Cangzhou City has a wetland area of 232000 hectares, including 85700 hectares of coastal beach and shallow water with a depth of less than 6 meters at low tide, 39400 hectares of depression, swamp and reed pond wetlands, 40800 hectares of salt fields and fish and shrimp aquaculture, 22000 hectares of artificial reservoirs, and 63900 hectares of rivers and flood detention and discharge areas. Large area of wetlands include: Nandagang wetland and bird Provincial Nature Reserve, Haixing wetland and Bird Nature Reserve, Huanghua guanyangchang wetland and Tengnan Dawa wetland, Renqiu Baiyangdian Wetland and Nanpi Dalangdian wetland.

plant resources

According to the government website in July 2017, there are 37 families and 137 species of wild plants in Cangzhou, mainly including Equisetaceae, cannabis, Liliaceae, Polygonaceae, Chenopodiaceae, purslane, Rosaceae, Leguminosae, etc. Cangzhou has 10.648 million mu of cultivated land and 600000 mu of grassland. It is the main production area of grain, cotton, fruits and aquatic products in Hebei Province, the main supply base of pollution-free vegetables in Beijing and Tianjin, and the well-known high-quality forage base and animal husbandry production base in northern China. Cangzhou main crops are wheat, corn, millet, beans, cotton, peanuts and so on. There are more than 150 species of Wetland Wild Plants in the wetland, belonging to 47 families and 113 genera. There are 72 species, 51 genera, 33 families in forest resources.

Cangzhou has 470 kinds of plant resources, which are mainly crops and fruits. It is the famous hometown of Yali and Jinsixiaozao.

Animal resources

According to the official website of the government in July 2017, there are 12 classes and 73 families of wild animals in Cangzhou, mainly mammals, birds, insects and fishes. There are more than 480 kinds of animal resources, mainly livestock and poultry, and mules, horses, cattle, donkeys, pigs, sheep, chickens and rabbits are widely raised. "Bohai donkey" in Cangxian county is an excellent variety popularized by the state. Cangxian and Qingxian have been listed as goat skin production bases by the state.

Cangzhou wetland is rich in wildlife resources. Mammals include foxes, weasels and rabbits; reptiles include lizards and snakes; amphibians include more than 10 species, such as Rana chensinensis, Bufo gargarizans and Rana nigromaculata. There are more than 270 species of wild birds, belonging to more than 50 families of 16 orders, of which 27 species are listed in the Red Book of endangered animals in China, such as egret with yellow beak, Oriental White Stork, Red Crowned Crane and Sinian javanica Finch, and 9 species are under the first-class national protection, including white stork, black stork, Golden Eagle, white shoulder carving, Red Crowned Crane, white headed crane, great bustard, Chinese merganser and vulture; There are 40 species of birds under second-class national protection, including swan, cygnet, mandarin duck, spotted pelican, white naped crane, peregrine falcon, carved owl, grey crane and white tailed harrier; 17 species of birds under key protection in Hebei Province, including egret, egret, egret, black billed Gull, white headed Bulbul, black winged stiletto, black naped Oriole and Starling.

ocean resources

According to the official website of the government in July 2017, there are two major oilfields in Cangzhou, North China and Dagang, with proven oil geological reserves of 1.5 billion tons and natural gas reserves of 28.2 billion cubic meters. Cangzhou is one of the four major salt production bases in China, with an area of 450000 Mu and an annual output of 2 million tons. Cangzhou has a long coastline. Marine fishing and mariculture have reached a large scale. There are more than 1000 kinds of marine organisms, rich in fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish and other seafood.

Population nationality

population

In 2019, the registered residence of the city reached 7 million 831 thousand and 300 at the end of the year. Among them, there were 4.0245 million males and 3.8068 million females. At the end of the year, the total resident population of the city was 7.5443 million, including 4.069 million in urban areas and 3.517 million in rural areas. The urbanization rate of permanent residents was 53.64%, 1.33 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year. The birth rate is 12.7 ‰, the death rate is 6.4 ‰, and the natural growth rate of population is 6.3 ‰.

nation

According to the official website of the government in July 2017, there are 41 ethnic groups in Cangzhou, with 264611 ethnic minorities, accounting for 3.53% of the total population of Cangzhou. Among them, the Hui population is 235848, accounting for 89.1% of the minority population in Cangzhou City, which is the Hui population in the whole province

Chinese PinYin : He Bei Sheng Cang Zhou Shi