Baoding City, Hebei Province

Baoding, also known as Shanggu, Baozhou and Baofu in ancient times, is located in the center of Hebei Province and the east foot of Taihang. It is a central city in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region and a part of China (Hebei) pilot free trade zone.

Baoding was born with Beijing. The name of Baoding comes from "defending the capital and stabilizing the world". It has always been an important place in the capital and "the South Gate of the capital"; it is also known as "three passes in the north, nine provinces in the south, and nanpinghan in the capital". In the Qing Dynasty, Baoding was the capital of Zhili Province and the residence of the governor of Zhili. From 1669 to 1968, Baoding was the political, economic, cultural and military center of Hebei Province and the regional political center of China. After the founding of new China, Baoding was the capital of Hebei Province twice.

Baoding is the hometown of the legendary emperor Yao, with a history of more than 3000 years. Baoding is the capital of the state of Yan, the state of Zhongshan and later Yan. A number of historical celebrities, such as Jing Ke, Liu Bei, Zhao Kuangyin, Zu Chongzhi and Li Daoyuan, were born. There are many cultural relics and historic sites in the city, such as the ancient lotus pond, Daci Pavilion, Zhili governor's office, and Qing Xiling.

Baoding is a national famous historical and cultural city, China's excellent tourism city and national garden city. It is China's first innovation driven development demonstration city, WWF low-carbon pilot city and national double support model city. It is also the hometown of opera, swimming and longevity. It is also known as the "champion city" because of the large number of sports champions. In 2017, Baoding was selected as the "top 50 cities with the most investment potential in China in 2017".

As of September 2020, Baoding has jurisdiction over 5 districts, 4 cities and 15 counties, with a permanent population of 11.86 million and a total area of 22135 square kilometers. It also has a national level high-tech zone and a sub prefecture level Baigou new town. It has 17 universities including Hebei University, North China Electric Power University, Hebei Agricultural University and Central Judicial Police College. In 2019, the city's GDP will reach 377.2 billion yuan.

In April 2017, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council decided to establish xiong'an New Area in Hebei Province, involving Xiong County, Rongcheng county and Anxin County of Baoding city and some surrounding areas.

Historical evolution

In the Tang Yu period at the end of primitive society, Baoding now belongs to Jizhou and Youzhou. Jifa destroyed the state of marquis Yan.

In the spring and Autumn period, Xianyu state was established in the southwest of Baoding. Later, the state of Jin continued to invade the East. The southern part of Baoding was gradually occupied by the state of Jin and Xianyu, while the northern part was owned by the state of Yan.

In 380 BC, in the middle of the Warring States period, Qi fayan occupied sangqiu (about 10 kilometers north of Baoding), which was under the jurisdiction of Qi. In 314 BC, civil strife broke out in the state of Yan. The state of Qi asked the state of Zhongshan to cut down Yan. The northern part of the state of Yan was occupied by the state of Qi, and the southern part was occupied by the state of Zhongshan. Baoding was under the jurisdiction of the state of Zhongshan.

In the first year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (477), Qingyuan County was set up in Xincheng County. It got its name from Qingyuan River and was the beginning of Baoding county.

After the Five Dynasties, Fenghua army was set up in the first year of Tongguang (923), and Taizhou was promoted in the third year of Tiancheng (928).

In the first year of Jianlong in the Northern Song Dynasty (960), because Qingyuan was the ancestral home of Zhao Kuangyin and an important military town in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Baosai army was set up in Qingyuan County. Therefore, it was located at the junction of Song Dynasty and Liao Dynasty, and Baosai army and Baozhou were set up, so it was named to defend the frontier fortress. In 979, Zhao Guangyi led the northern expedition to Baosai for more than half a month. In the sixth year of Taiping's rejuvenation of the country, the Baosai army was promoted to Baozhou, which implied the meaning of eternal stability. In the third year of Chunhua (992), the prefectures and counties moved to Baoding city. In the second year of Jingkang (1127), the Jin soldiers fell into Baozhou, which was still called Baozhou along the Song Dynasty system, also known as Jintai post.

In 1129, Baozhou was the site of the jundushi of Shuntian army. In 1213, the first year of Zhenyou reign of the state of Jin, the Mongolian army invaded Baozhou City southward, and Baozhou was destroyed.

Baozhou city was rebuilt in 1227, and Shuntian army was changed into Shuntian road in 1239.

In 1275, Shuntian road was changed to Baoding road. Since then, the name of Baoding has taken the meaning of eternal stability. The scope of the administrative region is similar to that of today's administrative region, and most of the administrative region changes in the past dynasties have been adjusted on this basis.

In September 1368, the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Baoding road was abandoned and Baoding Prefecture was changed, also known as Baoyang county. In the first year of Yongle (1403), Zhu Di became emperor. He changed Beiping mansion into Shuntian mansion and built Beijing city. Beiping Dusi was renamed Daning Dusi Qianbao. In 1515, Baoding governor's office was set up in Ming Dynasty. In 1638, the governor of Baoding was set up and the general supervisor of Baoding was set up.

In 1669, the governor of Zhili moved from Zhengding to Baoding, and Baoding became the capital of Zhili. In 1724, the governor of Zhili was changed to governor of Zhili.

In 1912, the Qing Dynasty perished, along the Qing Dynasty Zhili provincial system, left Baoding Prefecture, removed Qingyuan County. In 1913, the capital of Zhili Province moved to Tianjin, and the offices of political envoys and military envoys were abolished. Baoding Prefecture was removed, Qingyuan County was restored, and Fanyang road was set up. The next year, Fanyang road was changed to Baoding road. In September 1916, Zhili military supervision office was established. In the seventh year of the Republic of China (1918), it was changed to Sichuan, Guangdong, Hunan and Jiangxi economic and strategic envoy office, and in the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), it was changed to Lu Yu inspection envoy office. On June 6, 1935, the Hebei provincial government moved from Tianjin to Baoding. In 1936, Baoding set up an administrative supervision area.

During the Anti Japanese War, the Japanese occupied Baoding, which was the headquarters of the Japanese puppet military and political leaders in Hebei Province. The Communist Party of China led the people to establish the Shanxi Chahar Hebei Anti Japanese base, constantly develop themselves, attack the enemy, compress the enemy to major cities, develop guerrilla warfare to mobile warfare, and carry out the national revolutionary war. Fuping County of Baoding is the headquarters of the Shanxi Chahar Hebei military region. After the surrender of Japan, the Kuomintang Hebei provincial government moved from Beiping to Baoding, and moved back to the north in October 1947 Flat.

On November 22, 1948, Baoding was liberated and Baoding city was built as the center of Jizhong administrative office.

On August 1, 1949, the people's Government of Hebei Province was established, with Baoding as the provincial capital and Baoding City as a city under the jurisdiction of the province; on August 9, Baoding district office of administrative inspectors was established, and at the same time, it became the office of administrative inspectors of counties and districts.

In May 1958, the capital of Hebei Province moved to Tianjin.

In January 1966, the provincial capital moved back to Baoding from Tianjin.

In February 1968, the provincial capital moved out of Baoding.

In December 1994, Baoding district and Baoding City merged into a provincial city.

In April 2017, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued a notice and decided to establish xiong'an New Area in Hebei Province, which is another new area with national significance after Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Shanghai Pudong New Area.

geographical environment

Location context

Baoding is located in the middle of Hebei Province, the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain and the west of Jizhong plain, between 38 ° 10 ′ - 40 ° 00 ′ N and 113 ° 40 ′ - 116 ° 20 ′ e. it is adjacent to Beijing and Zhangjiakou in the north, Langfang and Cangzhou in the East, Hengshui in the South and Shanxi Province in the West. The central city is 140 km north from Beijing and 145 km east from Tianjin, forming a tripartite confrontation with Beijing and Tianjin.

topographic features

Baoding city is located in the eastern foot of the northern Taihang Mountain and the western part of the central Hebei plain. Landforms are divided into mountain areas and plains. Divided by the 100 meter contour line of the Yellow Sea, the mountainous area is 10988.1 square kilometers, accounting for 49.7% of the total area. Plain (including depression) is 11124.9 square kilometers, accounting for 50.3% of the total area.

climate

Baoding is a warm temperate continental monsoon climate zone, the main climate characteristics are: four distinct seasons, dry and windy in spring, hot and rainy in summer, rainy and hot in the same season, cool in autumn, cold and dry in winter. The annual average temperature is 13.4 ℃, the average temperature in January is - 4.3 ℃, and the average temperature in July is 26.4 ℃. The annual average sunshine hours are 2511.0 hours, accounting for 56% of the total sunshine hours. The average annual precipitation is 498.9 mm, and the average annual precipitation days is 68 days; the precipitation is concentrated in June to August, and the most in July. The annual average wind speed is 1.8 m / s. The annual average evaporation is 1430.5mm. The main meteorological disasters are drought, high temperature, thunderstorm, hail, gale, cold wave and fog.

hydrology

Baoding city is located in the middle and upper reaches of Daqing River System in Haihe River Basin. The upper reaches of the Daqing River are divided into North and south branches. The upper reaches of the North Branch water system are Juma River, and the lower reaches from Zhangfang pass are divided into South and North Juma River. The North Juma River is called Baigou River after the confluence of huliang River, Liuli River and Xiaoqing River in Zhuozhou City; the South Juma River is called Daqing River after the confluence of beihedian, Beiyishui and Zhongyishui in Dingxing City, and the confluence of Baigou River and nanjuma River in Baigou new town. The North Branch flood flows from Baigou River to Baiyangdian and from Xingaifang spillway to Dongdian through Xingaifang junction. The southern branch of the water system consists of the dragon river, Tanghe, Xiaoyi River, Fu River, Caohe River and Pinghe River, all of which are imported into Baiyangdian. The South Branch of the * Zao Lin Zhuang hub, which is under the mouth of Baiyangdian, enters the East Lake. The drainage area of Daqinghe River system is 43000 square kilometers, and the drainage area above Baiyangdian Lake is 31000 square kilometers. The biggest characteristic of the water system in the territory is that it is fan-shaped and self formed.

There are 5 main flood discharge channels in Baoding, namely, the Yongding River, the Baigou River, the South Juma River, the new housing spillway and the dragon river. The total length of the river is 202 km, the total length of the embankment is 372 km, the general flood channel 9 *, the total length of the river is 236 km, and the total length of the dike is 393 km. The dike around Baiyangdian is 153 km long. There are also many tributaries of flood discharge and drainage channels distributed in mountainous areas and plains. There are three flood diversion and detention areas in the East, namely, Xiaoqinghe flood diversion area, langouwa flood storage and detention area and Xiaoqinghe flood detention area

Chinese PinYin : He Bei Sheng Bao Ding Shi