Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province

Shenzhen, also known as Pengcheng, is a vice provincial city, a city under separate planning and a super city in Guangdong Province. It is also a special economic zone, a national economic center and an international city approved by the State Council. By the end of 2019, the city has nine districts with a total area of 1997.47 square kilometers, a built-up area of 927.96 square kilometers, and a permanent resident population of 13.4388 million, an increase of 412200 over the end of last year. The registered residence population is 4 million 947 thousand and 800, and the registered residence is 8 million 491 thousand.

Shenzhen is located in South China, south Guangdong and the East Bank of the Pearl River Estuary, with Daya Bay and Dapeng Bay in the East, Pearl River Estuary and Lingdingyang in the west, and Hong Kong across the Shenzhen River in the south. It is one of the four major central cities in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Bay area, one of the national logistics hub, international comprehensive transportation hub, international science and technology industry innovation center, and one of the three national financial centers in China It is an advanced demonstration area of socialism with Chinese characteristics, a comprehensive national science center, and a global ocean center city. Shenzhen has the largest number of ports, the largest number of entry-exit personnel and the largest traffic volume in China.

Shenzhen's name first appeared in the eighth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1410). In the early years of Qing Dynasty, Shenzhen city was founded in 1979. In 1980, it became the first special economic zone established in China. As a window of China's reform and opening up and a new immigrant city, it created the world-renowned "Shenzhen speed" and was known as "China's Silicon Valley". Shenzhen plays an important role in China's high-tech industry, financial services, foreign trade and export, maritime transportation, creative culture and other aspects. It also shoulders the important mission of experiment and demonstration in China's institutional innovation and opening-up.

In December 2019, it ranked the third in China's urban creativity index in 2019. In December 2019, it will be ranked among the top 10 Chinese city brands of the year.

In June 2020, the Central Committee for the rule of law was selected as the first batch of national government construction demonstration areas and projects.

The place name "Shenzhen" first appeared in the historical records in 1410 (the eighth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty), and the ruins were built in the early Qing Dynasty. The local dialect is commonly known as the ditch between the fields as "Zhen" or "Yong". Shenzhen is named for its dense water and a deep ditch beside the village.

Although the development history of Shenzhen's special economic zone is only over 40 years, it has a history of over 6700 years of human activities (indigenous people have been living in Shenzhen since the mid Neolithic era), a history of over 6000 years of human development and marine economic development, a history of over 1700 years of city development, a history of over 600 years of coastal defense, and a long history of Cantonese and Hakka immigration.

In the pre Qin period, Guangdong belonged to Nanyue. Shenzhen is a foothold of the South Vietnam tribal expedition. The Nanyue tribes living in the sand dune valley area of Shenzhen coast live by fishing and navigation, but rarely by farming.

Since the Qin Dynasty, it has been Guangdong. After the unification of China by the Qin emperor, Nanhai, Guilin and Xiangjun were set up in the south of the five ridges in 214 B.C., and 500000 Qin people were banished to develop it. Shenzhen, which belonged to Nanhai county at that time, was integrated into the Central Plains culture of the Qin Dynasty, and later became the land of Nanyue. The Great Han Empire and the Eastern Han Dynasty belonged to Nanhai Prefecture of Jiaozhou, which governed most of Guangdong, Guangxi and Vietnam. Before the establishment of the county in the Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to Yue and Nanyue.

The origin of place names in Shenzhen

The earliest predecessor of Shenzhen was Bao'an County in Guangzhou. As a county system, Bao'an began in 331 (the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty). The imperial court set up Dongguan County, which was under the jurisdiction of six counties. The jurisdiction of Dongguan county was probably within the scope of Shenzhen, Dongguan and Hong Kong. The county is in Baoan county (Nantou).

Shenzhen was an important hub of sea trade in the South during the Song Dynasty, belonging to Bao'an County of Guangzhou. Rich in salt, spices. In Yuan Dynasty, it was famous for producing pearls.

Shenzhen's predecessor was also known as Xin'an County. In 1573 A.D., the Ming government of China expanded the garrison base in Dongguan, established Xin'an County, and built the county government in Nantou, covering the present-day Shenzhen City and Hong Kong. The economy is dominated by salt, tea, spices and rice.

In 1394 ad (the 27th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty), Dongguan Shouyu qianhusuo and Dapeng Shouyu qianhusuo were established in today's Shenzhen. Nantou, with a history of more than 600 years, was the political center of Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao before the late Qing Dynasty.

In the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to guangzhaoluo Road, Guangzhou government. From July 1842 to April 1898, the Qing government of China and Britain signed the Treaty of Nanjing, the Treaty of Beijing and the special article on the extension of the boundary of Hong Kong successively. Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the new territories were ceded and leased to Britain. So far, 1055.61 square kilometers of 3076 square kilometers of land originally belonging to Xin'an County have been separated from its jurisdiction, and Shenzhen and Hong Kong have been separated from each other since then.

During the Anti Japanese War, Nantou was occupied and Baoan county government moved to Dongguan County temporarily.

A century of Shenzhen history

In 1953, due to the connection between Shenzhen and Guangzhou Kowloon Railway, the population of Shenzhen was large and the industry and commerce were prosperous. Baoan county government moved eastward to Shenzhen market, 10 kilometers away from Nantou.

In January 1979, Baoan county was abolished and Shenzhen city was established.

On March 5, 1979, the State Council approved the re establishment of Bao'an County in Guangdong Province as Shenzhen City under the dual leadership of Guangdong Province and Huiyang region.

In July 1979, the central government decided to establish special zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen.

In November 1979, the CPC Guangdong Provincial Committee decided to change Shenzhen into a provincial city at the regional level. Shenzhen has six administrative areas: Longgang, Kwai Chung, Longhua, Luohu, Nantou and Songgang.

On August 26, 1980, the 15th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress passed the regulations of Guangdong Province on special economic zones proposed by the State Council, approving the establishment of special economic zones in Shenzhen. This day is called "Shenzhen birthday".

In October 1981, Bao'an county was restored and the former Bao'an County outside the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was under its jurisdiction.

In March 1981, Shenzhen was upgraded to a vice provincial city.

Old photos of Shenzhen

In January 1982, Luohu District was established, which governs the whole scope of the special economic zone. Yantian District is under the jurisdiction of Luohu District.

In September 1982, Shatoujiao town was designated from Luohu District as a county-level town;

In June 1983, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone set up four district offices: Luohu, Shangbu, Nantou and Shatoujiao;

In February 1984, Deng xiaoping visited Shenzhen for the first time and wrote an inscription for Shenzhen: "the development and experience of Shenzhen have proved that our policy of establishing special economic zones is correct."

In May 1984, it was set up as the administrative area, and it is still the agency of the municipal government.

In November 1988, the State Council approved Shenzhen to implement separate listing in the national plan, and granted it the economic management authority equivalent to provincial level.

On December 1, 1989, Shenzhen Stock Exchange, the first stock exchange in New China, was born.

In January 1990, the five administrative districts of Luohu, Futian (formerly Shangbu), Nantou, Shekou and Shatoujiao were abolished and three municipal districts of Luohu, Futian and Nanshan were established. Among them, Shatoujiao and Luohu are merged to form Luohu District.

In November 1992, the Ministry of Civil Affairs approved the abolition of Bao'an county and the establishment of Bao'an District and Longgang District with the approval of the State Council.

In February 1992, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress granted the Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress, its Standing Committee and the municipal government the power to formulate local laws and regulations.

In October 1997, the State Council approved the establishment of Yantian District in Shenzhen (implemented in 1998), which governs Shatoujiao town and Yantian and Meisha streets, which are zoned from Luohu District.

In March 1998, the area with Shatoujiao as the center separated from Luohu District and set up Yantian District, which is still within the scope of the special zone.

In June 2004, Shenzhen became the first city without rural areas and farmers in China.

In May 2007, Guangming New District was established, which governs Gongming and Guangming streets and is located in the west of Shenzhen.

In June 2009, in order to promote the overall development of the eastern area with the big industrial zone as the center, promote the coordinated development of Shenzhen, and comprehensively improve the level of urbanization, the Shenzhen Municipal Party committee and government integrated the original big industrial zone, Pingshan street and Kengzi street of Longgang District into Pingshan NEW District.

In July 2010, the scope of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was extended to Longgang and Bao'an.

On August 26, 2010, the State Council approved the "overall development plan of Qianhai Shenzhen Hong Kong modern service industry cooperation zone", clearly building Qianhai into a modern service industry innovation and cooperation demonstration zone between Guangdong and Hong Kong.

In December 2011, Shenzhen Municipal Party committee and government added two new functional new areas in Bao'an and Longgang, namely "Longhua New Area" and "Dapeng New Area".

In April 2015, China (Guangdong) pilot Free Trade Zone Qianhai Shekou area was officially launched.

In October 2016, the State Council approved the establishment of hepingshan District in Longhua District of Shenzhen, with the administrative areas of Longhua, Dalang, Minzhi, Guanhu, Fucheng and Guanlan as the administrative areas of Longhua District, and Pingshan and Kengzi as the administrative areas of Pingshan district.

In November 2017, Shenzhen reexamined and confirmed that it will continue to retain the honorary title of national civilized city.

In January 2018, the State Council approved the cancellation of the management line of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.

In February 2018, the State Council approved Shenzhen to build a national sustainable development agenda innovation demonstration zone with the theme of innovation leading the sustainable development of super large cities.

In May 2018, the State Council approved the establishment of Guangming District in Guangdong Province. Guangming District People's government is located at No.1 Guangming Street, Guangming Street.

On December 16, 2018, Shenzhen Shenzhen Shantou Special Cooperation Zone Working Committee and Shenzhen Shenzhen Shantou Special Cooperation Zone Management Committee of the Communist Party of China

Chinese PinYin : Guang Dong Sheng Shen Zhen Shi