Ezhou City, Hubei Province

Ezhou, formerly known as Wudu and guwuchang, is a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Hubei Province. It is a famous "city of lakes" and "land of fish and rice". It is located in the east of Hubei Province and the South Bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, with a total administrative area of 1594 square kilometers. By the end of 2019, the city's total resident population is 1.0597 million. It has jurisdiction over three municipal districts, two economic development zones and one new district. The municipal government is located at No.1 Binhu North Road, Echeng district.

The city of Ezhou was named "fan state" in Yao Dynasty, "e capital" in Xia Dynasty, "e state" in Shang Dynasty, "e state" in Yin Dynasty, "e kingdom" in spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, and "Sun Quan" in Three Kingdoms period. During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, xiongqu, the king of Chu, enfeoffed his son Xionghong to Ezhou as the king of E, and built the city of the king of E, which is also the origin of "e" for short. On May 14, 1949, Echeng was liberated. In 1983, Echeng city and Echeng county were abolished, Huangzhou town of Huanggang county was merged, and Ezhou City under provincial jurisdiction was established. In 1992, Ezhou City became a friendly city with mitiao city of Japan, abungunu city of Cote d'Ivoire in Africa and waiala city of Australia. Ezhou is located in the middle section of the Yangtze River economic belt, with four expressways (Shanghai Chengdu expressway, Beijing Zhuhai Expressway, Daguang Expressway and han'e Expressway) in the shape of "Jing"; there are 11 channels connecting with Wuhan and integrating with Wuhan; Wuhan Jiulong Railway passes through the area, connecting Beijing Guangzhou and Beijing Jiulong; and two light rail lines, wuehuang and wuegang, pass through the whole area. On December 21, 2018, Ezhou city was listed as an airport type national logistics hub bearing city.

Ezhou City has successively won the honorary titles of National Digital City Construction Demonstration City, China Wuchang Fish Food Town, national greening model city, China Express demonstration city, National Health City, national advanced city of legal publicity and education, China Excellent Tourism City, national civilized city, etc.

In 2019, Ezhou achieved a GDP of 114.007 billion yuan, an increase of 7.8%, a total fiscal revenue of 9.054 billion yuan, a per capita disposable income of 34541 yuan for urban residents and 19313 yuan for rural residents.

Historical evolution

Around 3000 years ago, there were human beings in Ezhou.

During the reign of Emperor Yao (about 2550-2070 BC), it was the state of fan.

In summer time (2070-1600 BC), it was the place of ancient Sanmiao.

During the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC), it was the state of Hubei.

In 879 BC, xiongqu, the king of Chu, conquered Yangyue and reached Hubei. He made zhongzihong the king of Hubei and built the city of the king of Hubei. Xiong quzu, the heir of Xiong Hong, still lived in Hubei. It is said that Xiong Zhe, the capital of Chu, still lived here from the sixth king to Xiong Zhe. Xiong zhe made the "night rain Chu Gong Zhong" (unearthed in the third year of Zhenghe of Song Dynasty). There are sites from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, such as tingzuguanshan, xinmiaoloutang, Huarong wharf, laojinfen, Pingdingshan, Chengzishan, tuzhenjin basin and gongyouguishan.

In the spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC), it was the other capital of Chu. Xiong Shen, the king of Chu, named his third son Zixi as the king of E. The bronze mirror was first cast. Zixi and the Yue people from Hubei Province went boating in Ezhu, and some Yue people's ballads spread. At the time of King Ling, Zixi was the commander of Chu.

In the sixth year of King Ping of Chu (522 BC), Wu Zixu went to Wu. There was Jiedu stone in the east of Jiuchuan county. Zelin Shenying Bay is said to be the hometown of shenbaoxu.

In the Warring States period (475-221 BC), it was the city of E.

In the sixth year of King Huai of Chu (323 BC), King Huai granted his younger brother Qi the title of e Jun and awarded the "e Jun Qi Jin Festival" (unearthed in Shouxian County, Anhui Province). The water and land caravans of e Yi transported goods to all parts of Chu.

In 278 BC, Quyuan exiled Jiangnan and sang in Ezhu. "Nine chapters, wading the river" says: "take Ezhu and look back, the wind of autumn and winter.". There is Qu Yuan's "wangchu Pavilion" in Xishan.

In 223 BC, Qin conquered Chu and captured the king of Chu. Ying Zheng, king of Qin, from the Han River to Fankou of Ezhu, abandoned him as a common man, and Chu died.

In the 26th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (221 BC), Qin set up e County, which belongs to Nanjun. Its territory is bounded by the Yangtze River in the northwest, Jiangxi in the East and Hunan in the south.

In the sixth year of emperor Gaozu (201 BC), the Han Dynasty was e County, belonging to Jiangxia county. In 196 B.C., the king of Jing Liu Jia fought against King yingbu of Huainan, and died. Liu Bang established the king of Jing temple for him.

Han Jian'an 13 years (208), Cao Cao South expedition, Guanyu garrison Fankou. In 209, Sun Quan and Zhou Yu, Lu Su and Zhang Zhao discussed the plan of building the capital in Hutou mountain, east of the city. Wen Fengming built Fenghuang terrace.

In the first year of Wei and Huang dynasties (220), Sun Quan set up a Fanshan garrison in Fankou; in April of the second year of Wei and Huang dynasties (221), Sun Quan moved from gong'an to e County, and changed E county to Wuchang County in the meaning of "Prospering by force". Wuchang county is divided into Jiangxia county and Wuchang County, Yangxin County, Shaxian County, Xiazhi County, Chaisang county and Xunyang county. In August Cao Pi made Sun Quan king of Wu. Build the city of King Wu. The next year, thousands of copper kettles were cast.

In the third year of Wu Huangwu (224), Zhi Qian, a famous Buddhist, lived in Wuchang with Indian monks Wei Zhinan and Zhu Luyan. He translated the Sutra of faju and the Sutra of Prince Ruiying. Buddhism began to spread in the south of the Yangtze River. In the fifth year of Wu Huangwu (226), sun Quancai used Wuchang copper and iron to make thousands of swords and thousands of swords. Later, the inscription "crossbow machine" and "gate tower of general sun" of Sun Quan's nephew were unearthed. Zhu Ying and Kangtai sent envoys to the countries in the South China Sea. Zhu Ying wrote "Fu Nan Wu Zhi" and Kangtai wrote "Wu Shi Waiwai Zhuan".

In April of 229, the first year of Wu Huanglong, Sun Quan called himself Emperor. He built altars to worship heaven in the southern suburbs. It is said that the yellow dragon was born in jiangxinji, where it was transferred to the Yuan Dynasty. From Jianye to Wuchang, thousands of wealthy families have settled down, and the number of residents has increased to 100000. Summer Palace and reading hall were built in Xishan. The land reclamation order was issued to encourage reclamation. Wuchang is one of the four major mirror casting centers in China, known as the "hometown of bronze mirrors"; in September, the capital was moved to Jianye, and Lu Xunfu's crown prince sun Deng stayed in Wuchang and became the capital of Wu.

In the first year of Wu chiwu (238), it is said that Qilin was born in Wuchang.

In September 265, the first year of Wu Ganlu, SUN Hao, the late emperor, built his own business and moved his capital to Wuchang. Those who do not want to leave Jianye sing the nursery rhyme "better drink Jianye water than eat wuchangyu", so Fankou bream is named "wuchangyu". In December of the next year, the capital was built.

Wu Jianheng three years (271), Wu Jianchi Sima Meng Zong died. He lived in Wuchang and was filial to his mother. The story of "Mengzong crying bamboo shoots in winter" is popular among the people.

In March of the first year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (280), General Wang Jun led the army of Bashu to conquer Wuchang and advance to Jianye. Wu died and the Three Kingdoms returned to Jin. Wuchang county was divided into Hubei county. Wuchang is still a county, belonging to Jingzhou.

In the first year of Yuankang (291), Wuchang County belonged to Jiangzhou.

In 311, Tao Kan was appointed as the governor of Wuchang. He set up "Yi City" in the east of the city to open markets, and planted "Guan Liu" in the west of the city. Taokan reading hall was built at the east foot of Xishan Mountain, and there was "Taogong well" in front of the hall. Later, Kan was unearthed.

In the first year of Yongchang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (322), Wang Dun, the governor of Jingzhou, guarded Wuchang. Two years later, he killed Guo Pu in Nangang and rebelled against Jin. Wen Qiao and Yu Liang attacked Wang dun. In the first year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wen Qiao was in charge of Wuchang. In the third year of Xianhe, Wen Qiao and Yu Liang promoted Tao Kan as the leader of the alliance and led Wuchang troops to attack and build Su Jun and zuyue rebels in Kangping.

In 334, Tao Kan died in Fankou. Yu Liang took over the post of governor of the six prefectures of Jiang Jing Yu Yi Liang Yong, and led Jiang Jing Yu three prefectures to Cishi town Wuchang. The south building is called Yu Liang building.

During the reign of Yongjia in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (307-312), Ge Hong stopped in Wuchang, where he made alchemy and cultivated health. Geshan, Honggang, Gedian, Shenshan and Hongdao are named after them. There are Geshan cave, Xiyao pool, qinchuang stone, Gedian bullfight temple, bailuji and other relics.

In 381, Huiyuan, an eminent monk of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, hung on xihanxi and built a temple in the summer palace of the king of Wu. In the third year of Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, the governor of Huguang rebuilt the temple and renamed it "Gulingquan Temple".

In 420, Che Yin died and was buried in Che Hu, Yanji. Yin was poor and diligent in his childhood. He read through the book and passed on a good story through the ages. Later, he was granted the Marquis of Linxiang. Dai Kaizhi, a botanist and Wuchang native, wrote China's first bamboo manual.

In 454, the first year of song Xiaojian in the Southern Dynasty, Wuchang County led Wuchang, Yangxin and e counties to Yingzhou.

In 532, Yingzhou was divided into beixinzhou and Wuchang.

In 546, King xiaolun of Shaoling built Wuxiang Temple in Fanshan.

In 551, the second year of Liang Dabao in the Southern Dynasty, Wang Seng Bian and Chen Baxian, the king of eastern Hunan, led the army to pacify Hou Jing and defeated Hou Jing in Luzhou.

In 557, the first year of Chen Yongding in the Southern Dynasty, Wuchang county still belonged to Yingzhou, leading Wuchang, Hubei and Xiling counties.

In the ninth year of kaihuang (589) of Sui Dynasty, the two counties of Hubei and Xiling were abandoned and returned to Wuchang county. Wuchang county was changed from Yingzhou to Ezhou, and Wuchang county was subordinate to Ezhou. In the eighteenth year of kaihuang (598) of Sui Dynasty, Yang Guang, king of Jin, made copper coins in Baizhishan and made copper coins in kaieyi.

In the first year of Daye of Sui Dynasty (605), Xi Shixuan, the county magistrate, built Tangcheng in Baihu town of Gedian. In the third year of Daye (607) of Sui Dynasty, Ezhou was changed into Jiangxia County, which was divided into Chengtang County in the west of Wuchang county and belonged to Jiangxia County; in the ninth year of Daye (613) of Sui Dynasty, the abandoned Chengtang county was still incorporated into Wuchang county.

In the 14th year of Tang Tianbao (755), Han Zhongqing (the father of Han Yu) was appointed magistrate of Wuchang county. After going there, people in the county engraved stones to praise virtue, and Li Bai wrote the stele of Wuchang killing Han Jun to think and praise.

In 757, Li Bai came to Wuchang and served as the adviser of song ruosi's shogunate. He ascended the south tower and wrote the poem "accompany song Zhongcheng Wuchang to drink at night and remember the past". Meng Haoran, Liu Changqing, Chang Jian, cen Shen, Qian Qi and Lu Lun visited Wuchang and wrote many poems.

In the first year of Tang Guangde (763), Yuanjie resigned and lived in seclusion in Wuchang“

Chinese PinYin : Hu Bei Sheng E Zhou Shi