Qitaihe City, Heilongjiang Province

Qitaihe Qitaihe City, also known as coal city, is a prefecture level city in Heilongjiang Province. The city has 3 municipal districts and 1 counties, with a total area of 6221 square kilometers, a total population of 920 thousand, a registered residence population of 769 thousand and 700, a 476 thousand and 400 urban population, and a 61.9% registered residence population.

Qitaihe City is located in Northeast China, the east of Heilongjiang Province, the south of Jiamusi City, and the west end of Wandashan mountains. It belongs to low mountains and hills. The whole terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. It is located in the middle latitude zone. The climate belongs to cold temperate zone and continental monsoon climate.

Qitaihe is located in the center of urban agglomeration in the east of Heilongjiang Province, with Mujia high-speed railway, Mujia railway, Heda expressway, Yiqi Expressway and raogai highway running through the whole area. It is connected with provincial capital and surrounding cities and counties by high-grade highways, and forms a regional strategic cooperation city with 14 cities (prefectures) in the east of Northeast China. Qitaihe area is one of the birthplaces of Sushen nationality, and was once the original Jidong area The headquarters of the provincial Party committee and the second route army of the Anti Japanese Federation. Qitaihe has two national forest parks, xidajuan and Shilongshan, and taoshanhu National Wetland Park. At the same time, it has cultivated 10 world short track speed skating champions, such as Zhang Jie, Yang Yang, Wang Meng and fan Kexin. It is known as "cold region and Northern medicine", "coking coal city", "hometown of Chinese Winter Olympic champion", "hometown of Chinese short track speed skating", "cradle of Winter Olympic champion" and "holy land of short track speed skating" ”It's called "the best of the best".

In 2019, the city's GDP will reach 23.133 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8% over the previous year at comparable prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 3.314 billion yuan, an increase of 1.3%; the added value of the secondary industry was 9.545 billion yuan, an increase of 1.6%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 10.274 billion yuan, an increase of 6.9%. The city's per capita GDP reached 29912 yuan, an increase of 4.9% over the previous year.

Historical evolution

As early as Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Qitaihe region was the territory of Sushen people in northern China. At that time, Sushen people and SuoLi people who lived in Heilongjiang province had paid tribute to the Central Plains. Sushen people changed its name several times, and in Tang Dynasty, it was changed to be called Pei.

In the first year of the Empress Dowager's holy calendar (698), the sumupei people established the local power of the Tang Dynasty, Bohai State. At its peak, Pei had jurisdiction over 5 capitals, 15 prefectures and 62 prefectures. Qitaihe was under the jurisdiction of Tieli Prefecture, which was located in Deli town (now Yilan County).

After Bohai State was destroyed by Khitan, Khitan changed its name to Liao in 947. Liao along the Songhua River to Wusuli River mouth set up five ministries, Qitaihe region belongs to the five ministries head city yueliji (now Yilan County) jurisdiction.

In 1115, the first year of Jin Dynasty, Jin Dynasty destroyed Liao Dynasty. The highest administrative division of Jin region is Lu (equivalent to province), and Qitaihe region is under the jurisdiction of hulige Lu (located in today's Yilan town).

In 1271, Kublai Khan named the Mongol Kingdom yuan. Yuan set up the provincial system, with roads, prefectures, prefectures and counties. In Yuan Dynasty, Hu Li was set up and WAN Hu Fu (now Yilan County) was changed, and Qitaihe area was under its jurisdiction.

In the seventh year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1409), the nuergandu department, a provincial military and political organization, was set up in the Heilongjiang and Songhua River Basins in the Ming Dynasty, with a Wei and an Suo under it. Qitaihe river is under the jurisdiction of ouhan River (today's woken River) Wei (now at the junction of Yilan and Huanan counties).

After the 17th year of Chongzhen (1644), in the Qing Dynasty, Xieling, vice Dutong, Fu and daoyamen were successively set up in yilanhara (now Yilan county is translated into Chinese as three surnames). Qitaihe area is under the jurisdiction of three surnames.

On September 15, 1918, Boli County Government Office was officially established. It is under the jurisdiction of today's Qitaihe River and Yilan road.

In 1929, the Taoist system was abolished and Boli County was under the jurisdiction of Jilin Province.

In 1931, Japanese imperialism occupied Northeast China.

In December of 1934, Boli County was under the jurisdiction of Sanjiang province.

In October of the tenth year of pseudo Kant (1943), the general province of Eastern Manchuria was established, and Boli County was under the jurisdiction of the general province of Eastern Manchuria.

In 1945, after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Northeast China was divided into nine provinces, and Boli County was under the jurisdiction of Hejiang province.

In 1949, after the founding of the people's Republic of China, Songjiang, Hejiang and Mudanjiang provinces were merged into Songjiang Province, and Heilongjiang and Nenjiang provinces were merged into Heilongjiang Province.

In August 1954, Heilongjiang and Songjiang provinces merged into Heilongjiang Province, and Boli County was under the jurisdiction of Hejiang area of Heilongjiang Province.

In 1958, the state began to exploit Qitaihe coalfield (formerly called Boli coalfield) on a large scale, and the first private railway built by Boli County with self raised funds was completed and opened to traffic. These two events brought vitality to Qitaihe, a remote mountainous area under the jurisdiction of Boli County for a long time. Due to the rapid economic and social development, the population has increased dramatically.

On March 1, 1965, with the approval of the State Council, Qitaihe town in Boli County was abolished and Qitaihe special zone (county level) was established under the jurisdiction of Hejiang district.

On April 1, 1970, the Qitaihe special zone was changed into a county-level city, and its subordinate relationship remained unchanged.

In November 1983, Qitaihe City was promoted to a provincial city, and Boli County was put under the jurisdiction of Qitaihe City.

administrative division

Qitaihe City has four county-level administrative regions, including three municipal districts and one county, namely Xinxing District, Taoshan District, Qiezihe district and Boli County. Qitaihe Municipal People's government is located at No.45 Datong Street, Taoshan district.

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geographical environment

Location context

Qitaihe City is located in the east of Heilongjiang Province, the south of Jiamusi, and the west end of Wandashan mountains. It is between 130 ° to 131 ° 44 ′ E and 45 ° to 46 ° 37 ′ n. It borders Baoqing county and Mishan City in the East, Yilan County in the west, Jidong county and Linkou County in the south, and Huanan boundary in the north. It is 130 kilometers long from east to west and 80 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of 6221 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 3646 square kilometers.

topographic features

Qitaihe City belongs to low mountains and hills, the whole terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest, forming a long and narrow terrain gradually inclined from southeast to northwest. According to the terrain change, redistribution of water and heat and soil distribution, it can be divided into low mountains and hills, hilly land, River beach land and mountain valley landform types. In the low mountain and hilly area, the mountain body is round with large slope. The altitude is between 240-695 meters, and the highest is tieshanbao, with an altitude of 690.7 meters and a relative elevation of 455 meters. Hilly land is distributed in the periphery of low mountains and hills. Under the influence of neotectonic movement, large undulation was formed. The altitude is 180-240 meters and the slope is 4-15 degrees. The shoals are distributed along the banks of the woken River and its tributaries. The terrain is low and flat, with an altitude of 160-180 meters. Intermountain Valley is located between hills and hills. The terrain is flat and wide, and it is distributed in strip or branch shape.

climate

Qitaihe City is located in the middle latitude zone, the climate belongs to cold temperate zone, continental monsoon climate. It has obvious cold and heat. The climate features abundant rainfall, sufficient light, short frost free period and four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature in Qitaihe area is 2.4-3.9 ℃. The temperature in the eastern low mountain area is lower than that in the western hilly area. The average annual active accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 ℃ is 2408.9 ℃, and the average effective active accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 ℃ in eastern China is 1180.9 ℃. Qitaihe City covers a long and narrow area with complex topography and landforms and different climatic conditions. The accumulated temperature of heat index ≥ 10 ℃, moisture index and dryness were taken as the partition index. The whole city is divided into low mountain warm and cool humid frost climate zone and hilly and hilly mild and semi humid climate zone.

hydrology

Qitaihe City is composed of woken River and Naoli River. The woken river system constitutes the southwest of Qitaihe City. Naoli River system constitutes the northeast of Qitaihe City. The woken river system includes the mainstream woken River and its tributaries Qitai River, diaojinbiao River, Wanbao River, qiezi River, Zhongxin River, Longhu River, etc.; the Naoli River system includes the mainstream Naoli River and its tributaries datiao River, xiaoloach River, Lanfeng River, etc.

natural resources

water resource

The average annual precipitation of Qitaihe City is 968 million cubic meters, the average annual runoff depth is 122.8 mm, the average total amount of surface water resources is 226 million cubic meters, and the total amount of groundwater resources is 71 million cubic meters. After deducting 59 million cubic meters of repeated water, the average annual total amount of water resources is only 238 million cubic meters, and the per capita water resources is only 466 cubic meters, which is less than 1 / 4 of the per capita level of the whole province, accounting for only 1% of the total One fifth of the national average.

land resource

The total land area of Qitaihe City is 6221 square kilometers, including 1948.7 square kilometers of cultivated land, accounting for 31.3% of the total land area of the city; 3285.4 square kilometers of forest land, accounting for 52.8% of the total land area; 51.77 square kilometers of pasture land, accounting for 0.8% of the total land area; 17.6 square kilometers of garden land, accounting for 0.3% of the total land area; 221.3 square kilometers of residential industrial and mining area, accounting for 0.3% The total land area is 3.5%; other agricultural land is 82.9 square kilometers, accounting for 1.4%; transportation land is 25.1 square kilometers, accounting for 0.4%; water conservancy facilities land is 43.0 square kilometers, accounting for 0.7%; other land is 89.9 square kilometers, accounting for 1.4%; unused land is 455.6 square kilometers, accounting for 7.4%.

mineral resources

Qitaihe City is rich in mineral resources, including coal, graphite, gold, marble, limestone, etc. The coal resources are advantaged by nature. The coalfield extends for more than 100 kilometers, with a total area of 7200 square kilometers and a total thickness of 2500-3700 meters. The reserves of coal are 1.7 billion tons, which is far away

Chinese PinYin : Hei Long Jiang Sheng Qi Tai He Shi