Benxi City, Liaoning Province

Benxi, a prefecture level city in Liaoning Province, is the central city in the east of Liaoning Province approved by the State Council. It is a comprehensive industrial city with steel and chemical industries. By 2019, the city has four districts and two autonomous counties with a total area of 8411.3 square kilometers, a permanent resident population of 1445200 and an urban population of 1024500, with an urbanization rate of 70.9%.

Benxi is located in Northeast China and Eastern Liaoning Province. It is the central city of central Liaoning Urban Agglomeration and the deputy central city of Shenyang Economic Zone. It is connected with Shenyang and Fushun in the north, Liaoyang and Anshan in the west, Dandong in the South and Tonghua in Jilin Province in the East. It has convenient transportation and superior geographical location. The forest coverage rate of the whole city is 76%, and the ground structure is "eight mountains, one water and one farmland", It is higher in the East and middle, and lower in the south.

Benxi Huanren wunvshan city is a world cultural heritage, the birthplace of Koguryo and the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty. Benxi is an old industrial base in Northeast China with rich mineral resources. It is known as the "Geological Museum" and a famous iron and steel city in China. It is famous for producing high-quality coking coal, low phosphorus iron and special steel. It is an excellent tourist city in China, a national forest city, a National Garden City, a hot spring city in China, a national advanced city of national unity, a national advanced city of governing the city according to law and a national model city of double support, It is known as "the capital of steel", "the capital of Chinese medicine" and "the capital of Chinese Maple Leaf".

In February 2017, it was selected as the key city of PPP innovation in the field of national major municipal engineering. In September 2018, he won the "2018 China Europe green Smart City Award". In August 2019, it will be selected as a pilot city for the construction of national urban medical consortium.

Historical evolution

In 221 BC, after Qin destroyed Yan and unified China, the whole country was divided into 36 counties. Benxi City and Benxi county belonged to Liaodong County, Xiangping County; Huanren County belonged to Liaodong county. According to the biography of Xiongnu in historical records, during the Warring States period. "Yan also built the Great Wall, from Yang to Xiangping. Shanggu, Yuyang, youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong counties were set up to reject Hu. At that time, Benxi City and Benxi county (referring to the current jurisdiction, the same below) were in Xiangping County, Liaodong County of the state of Yan; Huanren County (referring to the current jurisdiction, the same below) was under the jurisdiction of Gaoyi tribe.

In the Han Dynasty, Benxi City and Benxi county belonged to Xiangping County, Liaodong County, Youzhou. In 108 B.C. (the third year of Emperor Hanwu's Yuanfeng), Wei's Korea was destroyed, and four counties, Lelang, xuantujuan, Zhenfan, and lintun, were added. Huanren County belonged to xuantu county. In 37 B.C. (the second year of emperor Hanyuan's Jianzhao), Prince Zhu Meng of Fuyu fled to heshenggu city (wunushan, Huanren County, with the ruins of the old city). The founding capital of the people's Republic of China was known as Gaogouli, which was China's minority regime in 3 A.D. (Hanping) In the first three years of the emperor, the capital of Gaogouli (now Ji'an County, Jilin Province) was transferred to the city of China (in the 22nd year of the Ming Dynasty). Hejueshengu city was the capital of Gaogouli for 40 years. After that, Huanren region was under the jurisdiction of the Gaogouli tribe until the Tang Dynasty.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Benxi City and Benxi county belonged to Xiangping County, Liaodong County, Youzhou.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, Benxi City and Benxi county belonged to Xiangping County, Liaodong County of Pingzhou.

During the period of Sixteen States in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Benxi City and Benxi county belonged to Xiangping County, Liaodong County of Pingzhou.

During the southern and Northern Dynasties and the Qin Dynasty, Benxi City was a city. Benxi county is under the jurisdiction of the Koguryo tribal regime.

In 668 A.D. (the first year of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty), the Tang Dynasty destroyed Koguryo and regained Liaodong's hometown, and set up an Dongdu Hufu. Benxi City and Benxi county belonged to Hebei daoantondu Hufu, Liaocheng Prefecture Dufu; Huanren County belonged to Hebei daoantondu Hufu, Gewu Prefecture Dufu.

In 820 ad (the 15th year of Yuanhe reign of emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty), dazarong established the Bohai State, and Huanren County belonged to Huanzhou, Yalu Prefecture, Xijing, Bohai State.

In 909 ad (the third year of emperor Taizu of Liao Dynasty), Qidan occupied eastern Liaoning, and the urban area and county of Benxi belonged to the jurisdiction of Qidan tribe; in 919 ad (the fourth year of emperor Dazu of Liao Dynasty), Qidan built the old city of Liaoyang and changed its name to Dongping County, while the urban area and county of Benxi belonged to Dongping county.

In 926 A.D. (the first year of Tianxian, Emperor Taizu of Liao Dynasty), Bohai State was destroyed and its land was changed to Dongdan state. In 980 A.D. (the second year of qianheng, Emperor Zong of Liao Dynasty), Dongdan state was abolished and Tokyo road was replaced. Benxi City and Benxi county belonged to Liaoyang Prefecture of Tokyo Road, and Huanren County belonged to Yalu Prefecture of Tokyo road.

In 1125 (the third year of the Tianhui reign of the great emperor of the Jin Dynasty), Liao Dynasty was destroyed by the Jin Dynasty, and then the road was abandoned. Benxi City and Benxi county belong to Liaoyang Prefecture of Tokyo Road, and Huanren County belongs to bosuo Prefecture of Tokyo road.

In 1287 (the 24th year from the emperor Shizu to the Yuan Dynasty), xingzhongshu province was set up in Liaoyang and other places. In the next year, Dongjing road was changed to Liaoyang road. Benxi City and Benxi county belonged to Liaoyang road. Huanren County first belonged to popofu road of Liaoyang Province, and then to bosuo inspection department.

In February 1371 (the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty), Liaodong Wei commander was set up; in July of the same year, dingliao Du Wei was set up; in October 1375 (the eighth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty), Liaodong Du commander was set up; in 1377 (the tenth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty), chunzhou county was changed into Wei and Suo; Jianzhou Wei was set up in 1403 (the first year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty); nurgan Du commander was set up in 1409 (the sixth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty), Benxi City. Benxi county is under the command of Si Dongning Wei in Liaodong, Huanren County is under the command of Si Jianzhou Wei in Beizi.

In 1644 (the first year of the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty), Benxi City and Benxi county belonged to Liaoyang Prefecture; in 1657 (the 14th year of the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty), it was transferred to Shengjing (later changed to Fengtian prefecture), and Liaoyang Prefecture was demoted to Liaoyang County; in 1664 (the third year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty), Liaoyang County was upgraded to Liaoyang Prefecture; before the establishment of Benxi county in 1906, Benxi City and Benxi county belonged to Fengtian Prefecture, Liaoyang Prefecture, Xingjing Fumin hall and Fenghuang hall. In the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Huanren area was listed as a forbidden area; in 1877 (the third year of Guangxu of Qing Dynasty), Huairen county was set up, which was under the jurisdiction of Xingjing Fumin hall.

After the end of the Russo Japanese War, the Japanese imperialists had frequent activities in Benxi area, forced mining of coal resources, and more and more negotiations between China and Japan; in addition, Benxi is located in the mountainous area, so coal mining is difficult. Wood, mountain goods and other resources are rich, people are increasingly dense, banditry repeatedly. Zhao Erxun, general of Shengjing, in view of the actual situation of Benxi area, in order to strengthen the management of this area, on October 28, 1905 (the 31st year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty), asked: "Liaoyang belongs to the area near Benxi lake, adjacent to Xingjing and Fenghuang, with overlapping mountains and divergent paths. It is a source of theft, so another county magistrate should be set up." In July 1906 (the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), the county office was set up. In October of the same year, the Qing government officially approved the establishment of Benxi county by dividing the eastern part of Liaoyang Prefecture, the southwest part of Xingjing Fumin hall, and the northern part of Fenghuang hall. According to the record of the Qing Dynasty, "in October of the 32nd year of Guangxu, Xinmao established Benxi county magistrate, which was invited by General Zhao Erxun of Shengjing." After the establishment of Benxi county, it belonged to dongbiandao and fengtianshou.

In 1914 (3 years of the Republic of China), Benxi county and Huanren County (renamed from Huairen County in 1914) belonged to the Eastern Road of Fengtian province.

In 1928 (17 years of the Republic of China), after Zhang Xueliang changed his banner in Northeast China, he changed Fengtian province to Liaoning Province, and Benxi and Huanren counties still belonged to it. After the September 18th Incident in 1931, Northeast China became a Japanese imperialist colony. In March of the next year, the puppet "Manchukuo" was established. Benxi county was subordinate to Fengtian province and Huanren County to Anton province. In 1937 (26 years of the Republic of China), the puppet regime implemented the street system and set up Benxi Lake Street in Benxi lake, where Benxi county office is located. In the name of revoking "extraterritorial jurisdiction", the Japanese government returned the Manchurian Railway affiliated land to the Puppet Manchurian regime under the control of Japanese imperialism, the former Manchurian Railway affiliated benxihu railway station and shunshan. The area along the river is merged into benxihu street. In 1939 (28 years of the Republic of China), the puppet Manchu regime set up benxihu City, which was subordinate to Fengtian province.

In 1945, the Japanese imperialists declared unconditional surrender during the "August 15" period. On September 18, the 16th military division of Jire Liaohe military region under the leadership of the Communist Party of China entered Benxi. On October 8 and 18, the democratic governments of Benxi City and Benxi county were successively established, both of which belong to Liaoning Province. In 1946, the Kuomintang troops attacked the liberated areas on a large scale, occupied the urban area of Benxi on May 3, and established the Kuomintang Benxi Lake municipal government and Benxi county government, which were subordinate to Liaoning Province.

After Benxi Municipal and county democratic governments were transferred from Benxi City to Benxi county, Liaoning provincial government decided to abolish Benxi Municipal democratic government in June of that year. The democratic government of Benxi county carried out guerrilla struggle in rural areas of Benxi. On October 1, 1946, the Liaoning Provincial Government of the Kuomintang ordered the cancellation of Benxi Lake City and the incorporation of the urban area into Benxi county.

In 1948, Benxi was liberated and Benxi Municipal People's government was established. Benxi City, Benxi county. Huanren County belongs to Anton province.

On October 1, 1949, new China was founded, with nine municipalities (Chongqing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Shenyang, Anshan, Xi'an, Fushun, Benxi and Wuhan). Benxi was one of the top ten municipalities in China in the early days of the people's Republic of China.

administrative division

Division evolution

Benxi City (municipality directly under the central government) was established in 1949, with some areas of Benxi county as its administrative region, and five districts of Benxi City, Hexi, Hedong, Gongyuan, caitun and Dayu, were established.

In April 1949, the Northeast administrative committee decided to merge Anton province with Liaoning Province and establish Liaodong province and Liaoxi province. Benxi City is directly under the jurisdiction of northeast Administrative Committee and Benxi county. Huanren County belongs to Liaodong province.

Dayu District of Benxi City was abolished in 1951 (approved by Northeast People's Government on August 15, 1951).

In 1952, Benxi county was abolished and 10 districts of Benxi City, Shiqiaozi, niuxintai, Qiaotou, caohezhang, CAOHEKOU, pianling, Jianchang, qinghecheng, Xiaoshi and Nanfen, were established (approved by the Government Affairs Council in September 1953) to the south of gaotouling in six districts of Fushun County, Eastern Liaoning Province

Chinese PinYin : Liao Ning Sheng Ben Xi Shi