Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is located in the Ili River Valley in the north of Tianshan Mountain in the west of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It has temperate continental climate and alpine climate. Yili Prefecture governs 11 county-level administrative regions. The total area of the prefecture is 268593 square kilometers. At the end of 2019, 4 million 556 thousand and 800 people registered residence in the state. At the end of 2019, the number of registered residence households was 2 million 916 thousand and 500.

There are a number of units directly under the central and autonomous regions in Yili Prefecture, including the fourth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth divisions of Xinjiang production and Construction Corps, Yili Normal University, Xinjiang mining and metallurgy bureau, Western Tianshan state owned forestry administration of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Altai Mountain state owned forestry administration of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang cigarette factory, Axi Gold Mine, etc. Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture is the main breeding and production base of Xinjiang fine wool sheep, Yili horse, Xinjiang brown cattle and Chinese Merino sheep. Along the border, there are 9 national first-class ports such as Horgos, dulata and muzaerte. The main tourist destinations are caohuan folk custom tourist areas such as QiaXi, Tangbula and Nalati. Cultural relics include XIATE ancient city, bandadunwusun ancient city, gedengbei and grassland rock paintings.

In 2019, the GDP of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture (the whole prefecture) will reach 222.645 billion yuan, an increase of 6.0% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 50.933 billion yuan, an increase of 5.3%; the added value of the secondary industry was 57.148 billion yuan, an increase of 5.1%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 114.564 billion yuan, an increase of 6.8%. In 2019, the GDP of counties and cities directly under the prefecture will reach 119.071 billion yuan, an increase of 6.5% over the previous year.

Historical evolution

The origin of the name

Yili got its name from the Yili River (Guangming Xianda, which describes the river water sparkling in the sun). It was first seen in the book of Han Dynasty, and was known as yilie, Yili and Yili in history. It was named Yili in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. In tongwenzhi of the western regions, Ili is a Uighur language, which means "plowing the courtyard to sweep the land" (that is, plowing the courtyard to cultivate the land and sweeping the lane into ruins), implying that Junggar will be peaceful for thousands of years, and the western border will be peaceful forever.

Evolution of organizational system

The earliest ethnic group in Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture was the Cypriots.

In the early Western Han Dynasty, the rise of Xiongnu forced Dayue's family to move westward to the Ili River Valley, and saiwang moved southward. Around the fourth year of the Houyuan Dynasty (160 BC), Wusun moved westward to Ili Valley and other places to build Wusun state. Around the first year of Yuanfeng (110 BC), the Han Dynasty allied with Wusun. In the first 60 years, the Han Dynasty established the western regions capital in Xinjiang to manage Wusun and other countries, and Ili and other places were officially incorporated into the territory of China. In the middle of the 6th century, the Altay, Tacheng and Ili River valleys were Turks.

In the third year of Tang Xianqing (658), the Western Turks were exterminated and Kunling and Mengchi prefectures were set up in the Tang Dynasty. Yili and other places belonged to the Tang Dynasty.

In Song Dynasty, Tacheng and Yili were the places of Western Liao. In the 12th year of Jiading (1219), Genghis Khan destroyed the Western Liao Dynasty and returned to the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty.

In 1225, the Yili River Valley and other places were the fiefs of Chagatai, the second son of Genghis Khan, with alimali as the capital; Tacheng and Altay were the territories of kuotai in sanziwo. The Yuan Dynasty once directly controlled alimari.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the Chagatai Khanate split, Wala rose, and successively controlled Altay, Tacheng and other places. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, irut in West Mongolia rose again and established the local political power in Junggar. The political center was moved from Tacheng to Ili Valley.

In 1755, the Qing Dynasty pacified Junggar and unified Xinjiang. After four years of war against rebellion, the military government was established. During this period, Altay was under the control of counsellor of khobudo. In 1760, the Minister of Ili was established. In 1762, the Qing government set up "generals in charge of Ili" in Ili. It governs Huiyuan city and Xinjiang. He was the counsellor Minister of Ili, the counsellor Minister of Urumqi, the counsellor Minister of Wushi and talbahatai, and the counsellor Minister of Jimi in charge of the ministries of Kazakh and brute. In 1884, when Xinjiang was founded as a province, the general system of Yili was reformed, only in charge of the military and political affairs of yita. In 1888, yita road was established, under which Yili government, Tacheng Zhili office and Jinghe Zhili office were set up. Guangxu 30 years (1904), the division of the kor'a, Altay local set up khobudo assistant minister.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Yili Revolutionary Party member Juyi founded the new governor's office of the Republic of China. In that year, the Yili military government set up Yili Zhenbian envoy, Tacheng counsellor and Altay administrative officer, all of which were directly under the central government and retained the yita road system. In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), Yili Zhenbian envoys were changed into garrison envoys under the jurisdiction of Xinjiang province. In 1916, the counselor of Tacheng was abolished, and yita road was divided into Yili road and Tacheng road. In 1919, Altay's chief executive was transferred to Xinjiang, and Ashan road was set up. During the period of the Republic of China, it was changed into administrative region and special region.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, Iraq, Tajikistan and Afghanistan were subordinate to the people's Government of Xinjiang province.

In 1950, Yili District Party committee and local committees of Yili, Tacheng and Ashan were established respectively. In 1952, the Yili District Party committee was abolished, and the party's leadership system and administrative system were unified.

In July 1954, boltara Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture was established in Bole, Jinghe and Wenquan counties of Ili; in November, Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture was established on the basis of Ili, Tacheng and Altay, with the capital in Yining City.

In December 1955, the Yili special district was abolished, and the cities and counties under it were directly under the jurisdiction of Yili Prefecture. The prefecture governs Tacheng and Altay, one city and nine counties directly under its jurisdiction, and one city and 23 counties in total (Shuiding county was abolished in 1966).

In May 1969, the Revolutionary Committee of Yili Prefecture was established, which only governed one city and eight counties of Yili.

In August 1975, the jurisdiction of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture was restored, and the capital of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture was moved to Kuitun city. At the same time, the party and government system of Yili region was restored. Yili Prefecture directly controlled Kuitun city, and managed three regions in principle.

In 1979, the establishment of Yili District was abolished again, and the capital was moved back to Yining City. In principle, it administers Tacheng and Altay, two municipalities and eight counties directly under the central government.

In January 1985, the organizational system of Yili Prefecture was restored again, and Kuitun city was directly under the jurisdiction of Yili Prefecture.

In March 2001, the organizational system of Yili Prefecture was abolished for the third time. Yicheng Prefecture and Altay Prefecture are under the jurisdiction of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, and Yining, Kuitun and other two cities, seven counties and one Autonomous County are directly under the jurisdiction of Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture. On October 6, 2001, the State Council approved the abolition of the Yili District.

On June 26, 2014, the State Council approved the establishment of Horgos city at the county level under the jurisdiction of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture.

administrative division

Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture governs 11 county-level administrative regions (directly under the state), including 3 county-level cities, 7 counties and 1 Autonomous County, namely Yining City, Kuitun city, Horgos City, Yining County, Huocheng County, Gongliu County, Xinyuan County, Zhaosu County, Tekes County, nilek county and Chabuchar Xibe Autonomous County. The people's Government of Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture is located at No. 60 Stalin street, Yining City. (in addition, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture also governs the Altay region and Tacheng region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

geographical environment

geographical position

Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture is located in the northwest of Xinjiang, between 80 ° 09 ′ 42 ″ - 91 ° 01 ′ 45 ″ E and 40 ° 14 ′ 16 ″ - 49 ° 10 ′ 45 ″ n. The northeast part of the autonomous prefecture is Altay area, which is located in the south of Altay Mountain and the upper reaches of Erqis River; the middle part is Tacheng area, which is located in the middle of Junggar Basin and between the north and South edges; the southwest part is county (city) directly under the prefecture, which is located in the upper reaches of Ili River. The state borders Kazakhstan in the northwest, Russia and Mongolia in the northeast, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture and Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in the East, Aksu region in the southwest, Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in the middle of the northwest and Karamay City in the middle. The national boundary of the autonomous prefecture is 2174.7 kilometers long, including 1395 kilometers of China Kazakhstan border, 54.7 kilometers of China Russia border and 725 kilometers of China Mongolia border. The total area of the prefecture is 268593 square kilometers.

topographic features

Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture has a large geographical span and obvious natural landform characteristics. Among them, Altai mountain, Junggar mountain, Tianshan Mountain and their water system constitute the important cultural and natural economic zone of the Autonomous Prefecture. The landform types are complex and diverse, which are mainly divided into four types: mountainous area, distributed in the southwest, northeast and west of Junggar basin; hilly area, distributed in the gentle slope of Foothills; plain area, distributed in Tianshan Valley, Wulungu River Valley, Erqisi River Valley, Junggar Basin and Intermountain valley of western mountainous area of Junggar basin; desert area, distributed in Shawan, Wusu, Fuyun, Fuhai, Buerjin, etc Habahe, Jimunai, Huocheng and other counties (cities).

climate

Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture has a temperate continental climate, which is cool in the north and hot in the south. The extreme maximum temperature is 42.8 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 51 ℃, the coldest in January, the hottest in July, and the temperature difference between the north and the south is large. The eight counties and two cities directly under Yili Prefecture have a temperate continental climate and alpine climate. The climate is humid and mild. The annual average temperature is 10.5 ℃, the annual sunshine is 2748.1 hours, and the frost free period is 149 days. Tacheng area belongs to the middle temperate arid and semi-arid climate zone, the plain area is hot in summer and cold in winter, the mountain area is warm in winter and cool in summer. The annual average temperature is 9 ℃, and the annual sunshine is 2870

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