Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Xing'an League, the League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is located in the northeast of Inner Mongolia. It is connected with Heilongjiang Province in the northeast, Jilin Province in the southeast, and Tongliao City, Xilinguole League and Hulunbuir city in the south, West and North. The northwest borders on Mongolia, with a 126 kilometer long border. The league is 380 kilometers long from north to South and 320 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 59806 square kilometers.

Xing'an League is named because it is located in the middle of the Great Xing'an Mountains.

Xingan League has two county-level cities, one county and three banners under its jurisdiction. In 2018, the permanent resident population is 1.6079 million, and the GDP is 47.248 billion yuan, including 15.418 billion yuan in the primary industry, 13.682 billion yuan in the secondary industry, 18.148 billion yuan in the tertiary industry, 32.6:29.0:38.4 in the tertiary industry, and 29419 yuan in the per capita GDP. On October 9, 2020, it was awarded the title of the fourth batch of national ecological civilization construction demonstration cities and counties by the Ministry of ecological environment.

Historical evolution

Ancient times

Neolithic relics have been found in Xing'an League, which proves that there were human activities in Xing'an League from 3000 to 10000 years ago.

Ancient times

From the spring and Autumn period to the Qin Dynasty, Xing'an League was a nomadic place for Donghu people.

The Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties were the territories of Xianbei.

In the northern and Southern Dynasties, it was Shiwei.

In the Tang Dynasty, Xing'an League was subordinate to Shiwei, songmo and raole respectively.

Liao is under the jurisdiction of Taizhou.

Jin is under the jurisdiction of Taizhou.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the Xing'an League area was under the jurisdiction of Liaoyang Prefecture, which was the fiefdom of timugeo Chijin.

The Ming Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Taining Wei.

In Qing Dynasty, Horqin Mongolia lived in the area of Xing'an League. The Qing government's management of Mongolia followed the Eight Banners system of Manchuria, broke up the Mongolian tribes and organized them into League banners, which restricted each other and made them unable to unite.

the Republic of China era

The Republic of China continued the feudal monarchy system of Mongolia in the Qing Dynasty, and the establishment and region of the league and banner remained unchanged.

In June of 1932, Xing'an League established Xing'an Province under the rule of "puppet Manchukuo", and the provincial government was stationed in Wanggong Temple (now Ulanhot city).

In August 1945, after the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, the puppet elements in Wangye temple were in a state of extreme chaos. On August 11, more than 400 young officers and students of the puppet "Xing'an military academy" revolted.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Movement Federation was established in November 1945 in Zhangjiakou.

On January 16, 1946, the people's Congress of eastern Inner Mongolia was held in gegenmiao of Xing'an League by the upper class of the Portuguese nationality. It announced the establishment of the Eastern Mongolian Autonomous Government and the establishment of the Eastern Mongolian Autonomous army. At the same time, Xing'an League was also established, under the jurisdiction of the East Mongolian Autonomous Government, five banners and one street.

In March 1946, Hong Yu Chengde, a representative of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Movement Federation and the eastern Mongolia Autonomous Government, passed a resolution on April 3 after repeated consultations, confirming that the Communist Party of China was the leader of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Movement. On May 15, 1946, the general branch of eastern Mongolia held an interim representative meeting in Wangye temple, announcing the abolition of the eastern Mongolia Autonomous Government and the establishment of the people's Government of Xing'an Province, which was led by the Northeast People's government and the Inner Mongolia autonomous association.

On May 1, 1947, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government was formally established in Wangye Temple (now Ulanhot city). On November 26, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government decided to change the name of Wangye temple to Ulanhot city. The Inner Mongolia People's self defense army was reorganized into the Inner Mongolia People's Liberation Army, and the Inner Mongolia Military Region was established. Wu Lanfu served as commander and political commissar, while a sigen, Wang zaitan, Na qinshuang and ER served as deputy commanders.

In 1949, the women's Federation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was officially established.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China

On November 23, 1949, Ulan Fu, chairman of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government, petitioned Zhou Enlai, premier of the Administrative Council of the Central People's government, to move the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government from Ulan Hot to Zhangjiakou for the convenience of leadership over the western region of Inner Mongolia.

On December 2, 1949, the Central People's government decided that the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government should be renamed the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional People's government, and appointed Ulanf as the chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional People's government and hafeng'a as the vice chairman.

In 1952, the eastern district administrative office was established in Inner Mongolia, located in Ulanhot City, and the organizational system of Xing'an League was abolished. The former Xing'an League and Huna League were merged and renamed Hulunbeier League.

On July 26, 1980, the State Council approved the restoration of the organizational system of Xing'an League and Wulanhaote City.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 1969, with the change of the administrative division of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, zalait banner of the former Xing'an League was assigned to Heilongjiang Province along with Hulunbuir League, Horqin Right Wing Front Banner and Tuquan county were assigned to Baicheng area of Jilin Province, and Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner was assigned to Jilin Province along with Tongliao.

In 1979, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region restored its original organizational system, and zhalaid banner, Horqin Right Wing Front Banner and Tuquan county were zoned back to Hulunbeier League, while Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner still belonged to Tongliao.

On December 5, 1992, with the approval of the government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Aershan economic development zone was set up, which was separately planned and directly under the leadership of Xing'an League.

Current situation of regionalization

Xing'an League governs six county-level administrative regions, including two county-level cities, one county and three banners, namely Ulanhot City, Arshan City, Tuquan County, zalait banner, Horqin right-wing Front Banner and Horqin right-wing Middle Banner.. Xing'an League administrative office is located in Hanshan West Street, Ulanhot city.

geographical environment

Location context

Located in the northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xing'an League is located in the transition zone from Great Xing'an Mountains to Songnen Plain. It is adjacent to Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province in the northeast and Southeast, Tongliao City, Xilinguole League and Hulunbeier city in the south, West and North, and Mongolia in the northwest, with a border line of 126 km. The league is 380 kilometers long from north to South and 320 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 59806 square kilometers.

topographic features

Xing'an League is located in the transition zone from Great Xing'an Mountains to Songnen Plain. From northwest to Southeast, it can be divided into four geomorphic types: middle mountain zone, low mountain zone, hilly zone and plain zone. The altitude is 150-1800 meters. Mountains and hills account for about 95%, and plains account for about 5%. Related to the geomorphic features, economic regionalization can be roughly divided into forest area, pastoral area, semi agricultural and semi pastoral area and agricultural area. The forest area is mainly concentrated in the middle mountain area of the main ridge line of the Great Xing'an Mountains, with an area of more than 7000 square kilometers. Pastoral areas are mainly concentrated in wulanmaodu low mountain area, with more than 8000 square kilometers. Semi agricultural and semi pastoral areas and agricultural areas are distributed in low mountains, hills and plains, with an area of more than 45000 square kilometers.

Climatic characteristics

Xing'an League is located in the temperate continental monsoon climate zone, with obvious three-dimensional climate characteristics, four distinct seasons and significant regional differences. In spring, it is dry and windy, the temperature rises quickly, and the diurnal range is also large. Summer is hot and short, most of the league is about two months in summer, and the middle mountain area in the northwest is connected with spring and autumn without summer. The annual maximum temperature occurs in July. In autumn, the temperature drops sharply and the frost comes early. The winter is very cold and long. It takes 5-6 months in most areas of the league and 7 months in the northwest forest area. The lowest temperature of the whole year occurs in January. The annual average temperature is 4-6 ℃ in most areas and - 3.2 ℃ in Northwest forest areas. The frost free period of the whole year is 120-140 days in most areas and 51 days in the northwest of the mountain range. The solar radiation in most areas is 5500-6000 MJ / m2. The average annual precipitation is between 373 mm and 467 mm, with large interannual variability and low guarantee rate. 72-78% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in June to August.

General situation of hydrology

1、 Rivers

There are more than 200 rivers in Xing'an League, including Nenjiang river system, Erguna river system, Xiliao River system and inland river system. There are seven main rivers: chuoer River, Tao'er River, Guiliu River, halaha River, Huolin River, handahan River and Jiaoliu River, which all originate from Daxinganling. Most of them belong to Nenjiang river system, with a drainage area of 49041 square kilometers, accounting for 82% of the total area of the league. Halaha River at the West foot of Daxinganling belongs to Erguna river system, with a drainage area of 4118 square kilometers, accounting for 80% of the total area of the league 9%; the Xiliao River system has the wunageqi River, with a drainage area of 6413 square kilometers, accounting for 10.7% of the total area of the league; the inland river system has the WULAGAI River, with a drainage area of 234 square kilometers, accounting for 0.4% of the total area of the league.

Chuol River

Huoliaogou, which originated in Yakeshi city of Hulun Buir League, flows through Zhalantun City, then enters the league from the northwest of Zhalaite banner, flows southeast and then turns East, and flows into Nenjiang River in the north of kaoshantun village of nuwenmuren township of Zhalaite banner, with a total length of 552 km, 277 km in Xingan League and a drainage area of 7456 square km. The annual average runoff is 2.06 billion cubic meters, and the domestic runoff is 579 million cubic meters.

Taoer River

Taoer River, the largest tributary on the right bank of Nenjiang River, originates from Gaoyue mountain in Aershan development zone. It passes through Keyouqianqi obliquely from northwest to Southeast, flows through Ulanhot City, and then leaves the country in the southeast of Keyouqianqi. The total length is 595 kilometers, 322 kilometers in Xing'an League, and the drainage area is 27875 square kilometers. The main tributaries are Guiliu River, Jiaoliu River, ermute River, etc. The annual average runoff is 1.74 billion cubic meters.

Guiliu River

Nenjiang river system is the largest tributary of Taoer River. It originated near xidaomen mountain in KEYOUQIAN banner. The upper reaches are called Wulan river. From west to East

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu Xing An Meng