Hami City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Hami is a prefecture level city in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is located in the east of Xinjiang. It is the main road from Xinjiang to the mainland of China. It has been the throat of the Silk Road since ancient times. It is known as "the western region, the Chinese arch" and "the gateway of Xinjiang". It is adjacent to Jiuquan City in Gansu Province in the East, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in the south, Turpan city and Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture in the west, and Mongolia in the north. It has a national first-class seasonal open port, Laoyemiao port. It is one of the important open ports for developing border trade between Xinjiang and Mongolia.

Hami was called Ximo (Ximu), ancient military area and kunmo in ancient times. The Han Dynasty is called Yiwu or Yiwulu. Tang Dynasty is called Yizhou. The element is called Hami force, and it is called Hami force after Ming Dynasty. It has jurisdiction over Yizhou District, Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County and Yiwu County, covering an area of 138919 square kilometers.

In 2019, Hami's GDP will reach 60.482 billion yuan, an increase of 6.4% over the previous year at comparable prices. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Historical evolution

In prehistoric times, a large number of ground stone tools were found from SANDAOLING and qijiaojing, which can prove that the ancestors of Hami people had already multiplied here in the Neolithic Age of primitive society 7000 years ago. Since the 20th century BC, many nationalities have lived in this oasis.

In the Western Han Dynasty (206-220 B.C.), Hami was called Yiwulu. In the second year of shenjue (60 B.C.), the Western Han Dynasty set up the Duhufu of the western regions. Yiwulu and Pu Lei state were under the jurisdiction of Duhufu of the western regions. From the Eastern Han Dynasty, Hami was called Yiwu. Yihe Duwei was set up in Yiwu in the 16th year of Yongping (73), and Yiwu Sima was set up by Emperor Shun in 131.

During the Three Kingdoms period and the Wei Jin period, the Wei Dynasty still set up a Duwei of Yihe in Hami. In the second year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (327), Zhang Jun, a former Liang state located in Hexi, captured Yiwu and assigned it to Dunhuang county. Yiwu was established as a County. Zhang Jun's appointment of Suofu as the commander of Yiwu is regarded as the beginning of the establishment of counties. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, Tang Qi, Tang He and his brother, together with Li Bao, the nephew, led the rest of the tribe to escape from Wuwei (Liangzhou). Yiwuyi was attached to Rouran. There were more than 2000 families. Rouran ordered Tangqi to be king Yiwu. In the second year of Tai'an in the Northern Wei Dynasty (456), the generals and soldiers of Dunhuang town once occupied Yiwu. With the further expansion of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Rouran Khanate collapsed. In 488, gaoyangzi, the leader of ruran Yiwu City, surrendered to Yiwu county. This is the earliest administrative establishment in Hami.

In the early Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen sent Yuanhui out of Yiwu to contact Datou Khan of Western Turks. Later, the envoys of Tatou Khan and Tatou Khan himself went to the Sui Dynasty through Yiwu successively, and received special courtesy from Emperor Wen. In 608, Emperor Yang sent Pei Ju and general Xue Shixiong to lead troops to Yiwu. The Sui army built another new city in the east of Yiwu City, named new Yiwu (Hami Huicheng). In 610, Yiwu county was established and Rouyuan town (Qincheng) was set up in the northeast of Yiwu City. At the end of Sui Dynasty, Yiwu belonged to Western Turks.

In the fourth year of Zhenguan (630) of the Tang Dynasty, the city leader of Yiwu was attached by seven cities, and Taizong was located in xiyizhou. Two years later, I went to the west to call it Illinois. It has jurisdiction over Yiwu (now Hami), Rouyuan (now Qincheng) and Nazhi (now Sibao). In the fourth year of Jinglong (710), Yiwu army was set up, which was stationed in ganluchuan (today's Barkol River) in the northwest of Yizhou. In the first year of Tang Tianbao (742), Yizhou was renamed Yiwu County, under the jurisdiction of Longyou road. In the third year of Tianbao (744), Uighur in the East rose and Pu Lei was its territory. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), Yiwu county was renamed Yizhou. After the second year of Guangde (764), Yiwu was occupied by the Tubo people for about 90 years.

In 1124 ad, Yizhou and Pu belonged to the Western Liao Dynasty. At the beginning of the 13th century, the Mongols rose in Mobei. In the second year of song Jiading (1206), boerzhi Tiemuzhen (Genghis Khan) was a Mongolian Khan. Three years later, the Jinchen of the Uighur "yiduhu" in Xizhou belonged to Mongolia. After Hami was attached to Mongolia, it did not merge into Gaochang and became a part of Gaochang. Instead, it was a local power coexisting with Gaochang. In the 11th year of Chunhu (1251) of the Southern Song Dynasty, mengxianzong built a new province named hamili in Xizhou Uighur. In 1279, Kublai Khan defeated the Southern Song Dynasty and established the capital of Dadu (now Beijing). He appointed ajiji, the great grandson of Chagatai, to guard Bishi Bali, and had jurisdiction over the garrison forces of the people who feared my son Hala fire (Gaochang) and hamili in the South Tianshan Road. In 1281, Gansu Province was established, and Hami was under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province. In the sixth year of yanzuo (1319), the emperor ordered hamili people and Weiwuer people (i.e. Gaochang people) to sue each other, which could be handled by their own leaders. If they argued with other people, they would be tried jointly by their own leaders and local officials. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, wunashili, a descendant of Chagatai, was king of Weiwu. After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, wunashili was independent and called Hami state.

In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang called himself Emperor in Jinling (today's Nanjing). After the death of the Yuan Dynasty, wunashili, the Weiwu king who temporarily stayed in Hami, became king of Hami. In 1393, the 26th year of Hongwu, wunashili died of illness and his younger brother anktemur succeeded him.

In the second year of Yongle (1404), anktemur was appointed king of Zhongshun. Two years later, Hami garrison was set up, with commanders, 1000 households, 100 households and other officials. In the third year of Chenghua (1467) of the Ming Dynasty, because the throne of the king Zhongshun of Hami had been vacant for a long time, the leaders of all ethnic groups strongly recommended that the Ming Court promoted tamur (the people of Weiwu'er) to the right governor, acting as the king. Five years later, tamur died, and his son Hanshen asked for his father's post. The court only allowed him to be the right governor, but did not allow him to be in charge of state affairs. In Hami, there is still no king to take charge of, and there is no decree to be issued.

Hami local kingdom was granted in 1380 and occupied by Turpan Khan in 1514. After 11 generations, it lasted 135 years. After that, the Turpan Khan was exhausted, and its territory was gradually occupied by Kashgar Khan (later the capital was moved to Yeerqiang, historically known as Yeerqiang Khanate) established by the queen of Chagatai, and Hami became the eastern territory of the Khan.

In the 37th year of Kangxi reign (1698), the Qing government sent officials to Hami to establish a flag team according to the rules of the Mongolian king, which was designated as the Mongolian xianghonghui flag, and appointed officials and assistants. In the 56th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1717), Hami was built and returned to the city, named Zhenyuan city. The fifth year of Yongzheng (1727) built Hami Seoul (today's old city). Yongzheng seven years (1729 years) to nine years (1731 years), xiubalkul Seoul. Qianlong 37 years (1772), the city of xiubal Kur, Huining city. In 1869, Hami new town was built. In 1731, the Qing government moved the Tongzhi of Anxi prefecture to balkul. Since then, there have been administrative organs in balkul. Anxi Tongzhi is subordinate to Gansu buzhengshi. In 1759, the Hami hall was set up to manage the civil affairs outside the jurisdiction of the Hui king and also under the jurisdiction of Gansu. The next year, he set up a minister in Hami and a leader in balkul. In the 38th year of Qianlong reign of Qing Dynasty (1773), Zhenxi Prefecture and balkul road were set up. Yihe county and Qitai County were under the jurisdiction of the prefecture, and Yihe county was under the jurisdiction of the prefecture. Zhenxifu also belongs to Gansu Province. In 1776, balkuerdao moved to Dihua and was renamed zhendidao. Xianfeng five years (1885), the town west government to the town west Zhili hall. Yihe county is under the jurisdiction of the Department, while Qitai County is under the jurisdiction of Dihua. On August 16, 1881, Hami hall was transferred from Anxi road to Zhendi road. On November 17, 1884, the tenth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Xinjiang Province was established, which was divided into four branches. Zhendi road was subordinate to Xinjiang province. The next year, Hami hall was upgraded to Hami Zhili hall. Zhili hall in Hami includes today's Hami and Yiwu.

In 1913, the office of Zhili in Hami was changed to Hami County, and the office of Zhili in Zhenxi was changed to Zhenxi county.

Huiwang territory has its own system, which is not under the management of county government. It was not until the abolition of the queen Hui of Hami in 1930 that the Hui kingdom was unified into the government system.

In May 1934, the Hami administrative region was established, which governs Hami County, Zhenxi county and qijiaojing county. It is the ninth administrative region of Xinjiang province. The office of the chief executive is located in Hami County, with Liu Yinglin as the first chief executive.

In July 1935, the provincial government decided to designate tuhulu, xiamaya, Yanchi, Qianshan, weizixia and Naomaohu in Hami County as the governing Bureau of Yiwu. Hami administrative region has jurisdiction over two counties and two administrative bureaus.

In January of 1943, Yiwu set up a governing Bureau and was upgraded to a third class county. In May, the office of the chief executive of Hami was changed to the office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, in 1950, the office of administrative inspector of Hami special region was set up, which is located in Hami County, and has jurisdiction over Hami, Zhenxi and Yiwu counties and qijiaojing central district.

On January 4, 1954, Zhenxi county was renamed Barkol county. On September 30, Balikun County implemented regional ethnic autonomy and established Balikun Kazakh autonomous region. The central area of qijiaojing was abolished and qijiaojing town (township level town) was set up under the leadership of Hami county.

In 1955, Balikun Kazak Autonomous Region was renamed Balikun Kazak Autonomous County. Hami Prefecture governs two counties and one Autonomous County.

In 1961, based on the cities and towns of Hami County, including five urban communes, such as locomotive, Tielong, iron and steel, Xianxian, Hongqi, and rocket farm, Hami City was established under the leadership of Hami special office.

In 1962, Hami City was abolished and merged into Hami county.

On December 19, 1970, Hami Prefecture was renamed Hami Prefecture. The regional administrative office is located in Hami County, which governs Hami and Yiwu counties and Balikun Kazakh Autonomous County.

On January 24, 1971, it was originally administered by the autonomous region directly under the central government

Chinese PinYin : Xin Jiang Wei Wu Er Zi Zhi Qu Ha Mi Shi