Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province

Shuozhou Shuozhou is located in the north of Shanxi Province, the upper reaches of Sanggan River, the northwest of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and Yanmen pass in the south. Generally speaking, Shuozhou is surrounded by mountains in the north, West and south, with relatively high mountain potential. In the middle is the alluvial plain of sangqian River region, which is relatively low and belongs to temperate continental monsoon climate. It has jurisdiction over two districts, one city and three counties (Shuocheng District, Pinglu District, Huairen City, Shanyin county and Yingcheng District) County, Youyu county), a total of 73 townships (including sub district office), 1591 administrative villages, with a total area of 10600 square kilometers, and a permanent resident population of 1.776 million in 2017.

Shuozhou, with an average altitude of 1000 meters, is a national summer resort and the "back garden" of Beijing and Tianjin. It has 80 tourist attractions of various scales, including 4 4A scenic spots, 1 National Water Conservancy Scenic Spot, 6 national cultural relics protection units, 19 provincial cultural relics protection units and 42 municipal key cultural relics protection units There are a number of outstanding figures such as ban Jieyu, a famous poetess of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Liao, a famous general of the Three Kingdoms, Yuchi Gong, the founder of the Tang Dynasty, and Wang Jiaping, the first assistant of the Ming Dynasty.

In 2017, Shuozhou's GDP was 98.02 billion yuan, an increase of 7.3% over the previous year at comparable prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 5.62 billion yuan, an increase of 2.7%, accounting for 5.7% of the GDP; the added value of the secondary industry was 40.06 billion yuan, an increase of 6.3%, accounting for 40.9% of the GDP; the added value of the tertiary industry was 52.35 billion yuan, an increase of 8.9%, accounting for 53.4% of the GDP; and the per capita GDP was 55316 yuan.

Historical evolution

It is proved from the ancient sites of Shiyu, bianyao and emaokou in Shuozhou that human beings lived as early as the late Paleolithic age.

Before the spring and Autumn period, it was inhabited by Beidi, a minority nationality.

During the Warring States period, it belonged to the territory of Zhao state.

In Qin Dynasty, Yanmen county was set up to govern goodness (now Youyu county).

In the Western Han Dynasty, Mayi county (now Shuocheng city), Zhongling county (now Pinglu county), Guyang county (now Yingxian county), Yingguan county (now Southeast of Shuocheng city), Wangtao county (now Shanyin county), Cuan county (now south of Shuocheng city), Loufan County (now southwest of Shuocheng city) and Shanwu county (now Youyu county) were still under the jurisdiction of Yanmen county.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yanmen county was transferred to yinguan county. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the people fled and most of the counties were abolished.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, the people in the counties north of Yuling (now Yanmenguan) were evacuated to Lingnan, where they were returned to tuobayilu.

In the Northern Wei Dynasty, it belonged to the hinterland of the capital, with sangqian county (now Shanyin East), Fanshi county (now Yingxian East) and Mayi county. In 555, Shuozhou was moved from Shengle to the southwest of Mayi. In 557, Mayi county was changed to Zhaoyuan County and Shuozhou county. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Shuozhou was promoted to the office of general manager.

In the Sui Dynasty, the general manager's office was abandoned and changed into Mayi County, with jurisdiction over Shanyang (former Shuo county), Kaiyang (Southern Shuo city) and Shenwu (Shanyin and Yingxian county).

In 621, Mayi was changed to Shuozhou. In the first year of Tang Tianbao (742), Shuozhou was changed into Mayi county. In the early Tang Dynasty, Datong army was established in Mayi county. In the third year of Huichang (843), it was changed into tuanlian envoy of Datong City, with three prefectures of Lingyun (today's Datong), Wei (today's Yuxian County, Hebei Province) and Shuo (today's Mayi). Xiantong nine years (868), reset Datong Jiedushi, moved to Yunzhou (today's Datong City).

In the Five Dynasties, Yingzhou was set up in Jincheng, the birthplace of emperor mingzong of Tang Dynasty, and Huanzhou was set up in Shuozhou (today's Shuozhou is located in the east of Silin, Xiying city). In 936, Shuozhou, Huanzhou and Yingzhou were ceded to Qidan.

In Liao Dynasty, Shuozhou was the Junjie of Shunyi and Yingzhou was the Junjie of Zhangguo, which belonged to Xijing road. Gold is still there.

Yuanli Shanxi road Datong Road. In Ming Dynasty, Shuozhou was under the jurisdiction of Datong Prefecture, which governed Mayi county and Yingzhou Shanyin county.

The Qing Dynasty was ruled by the Ming Dynasty. Yongzheng three years (1725) home shuoping Fu (zhiyouyu), jurisdiction Youyu County, Zuoyun County, Pinglu County, ningyuanting and Shuozhou and Mayi county. Huairen, Yingzhou and Shanyin belong to Datong Prefecture.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the Prefecture was changed into a county in May. It was under the jurisdiction of yanmendao, and later yanmendao was withdrawn. It was directly under the jurisdiction of Shanxi Province. During the war of resistance against Japan, Tongpu road was taken as the boundary. The road to the West belonged to the Shanxi Suiyuan border area, and the road to the East belonged to the Shanxi Chahar Hebei border area.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was first subordinate to Chahar province.

In 1952, it was assigned to Shanxi Province and belongs to Yanbei special area.

In 1958, it was transferred to the North Shanxi special region.

In 1961, he returned to Yanbei special area.

In January 1989, the State Council approved the establishment of Shuozhou City by dividing Shuo county, Pinglu county and Shanyin county from the former Yanbei region.

In July 1993, the administrative division was adjusted and divided into Ying County, Youyu county and Huairen county.

In July 2018, the State Council approved the abolition of Huairen County, Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province, and the establishment of Huairen city at the county level.

administrative division

As of July 2018, Shuozhou has jurisdiction over Shuocheng District, Pinglu District, Huairen City, Shanyin County, Ying county and Youyu County, with a total of 73 townships (including streets) and 1688 administrative villages. Shuozhou Municipal People's government is located at No. 1, Shifu West Street.

geographical environment

Location context

Shuozhou City is located in the north of Shanxi Province, between 111 ° 52 ′ - 113 ° 35 ′ E and 39 ° 06 ′ - 40 ° 22 ′ n, at the southwest end of Datong Basin, adjacent to Xinzhou in the south, Datong in the north and Inner Mongolia in the northwest. It is 145 kilometers wide from east to west and 133 kilometers long from north to south, covering an area of 10700 square kilometers.

topographic features

Shuozhou City as a whole is a mountainous plateau covered by loess, with complex and diverse natural conditions and obvious transitional nature. On the whole, the landform is surrounded by mountains in the north, West and south, with high mountain potential, and the middle is the alluvial plain of sangqian River region, which is relatively low, showing an inverted "V" structure. The landform of the whole city is divided into three units: mountain, hill and plain. The mountainous area is 2816 square kilometers, accounting for 26.5% of the total area; the hilly area is 3648 square kilometers, accounting for 34.3% of the total area; the plain area is 4163 square kilometers, accounting for 39.2% of the total area. Shuozhou is located in the Loess Plateau, with Hongtao mountain range in the northwest and Dabei mountain as the main peak at an altitude of 1947 meters; Guancen mountain range in the southwest and heituoshan mountain as the main peak at an altitude of 2147 meters; Hengshan mountain range in the southeast, extending from northeast to southwest, and Mantou mountain as the main peak at an altitude of 2426 meters (the highest peak in the city). Shuozhou basin belongs to Datong Basin. It is a long strip semi closed basin from northeast to southwest. The terrain is relatively flat and open. The slope parallel to sangqian River Valley is 1 / 800 ~ 1 / 1000. The slope perpendicular to sangqian River Valley gradually slows down from 1 / 200 to 1 / 1200. The widest part of the basin is 48.5km. The elevation of the basin is generally more than 1000 meters, and the lowest point of the Sanggan River (Huairen jijiazhuang area) is 970 meters. The relative height difference between mountain area and basin is about 1000 meters. There are more than 140 mountains above 1600 meters above sea level.

climate

Shuozhou belongs to temperate continental monsoon climate. According to the climate division plan of Shanxi Province, Shuozhou belongs to the temperate cold and semi-arid climate zone in northern Shanxi Province. The main feature is four distinct seasons. In spring, there is less rain and snow, strong wind and sand, large evaporation, and frequent dry weather; in summer, there is concentrated rainfall, with occasional heavy rain, rainstorm, hail, etc.; in autumn, there is less rain, cool in the morning and evening, and hot at noon; in winter, there is more wind and less snow, and the climate is cold. The temperature level distribution in Shuozhou is decreasing from southeast to northwest. The annual average temperature is about 3.6 ℃ ~ 7.3 ℃. January is the coldest, with an average temperature of - 14.9 ℃ to - 9.4 ℃. The annual sunshine hours are 2600-3100 hours, and the annual sunshine rate is 63% - 65%.

hydrology

Shuozhou River belongs to Haihe River Basin and Yellow River Basin. It is bounded by Renren mountain, Huangtupo mountain, Hutou mountain, heituo mountain and lianglang mountain, with the Yellow River Basin in the West and the Haihe River Basin in the East. The Yellow River system is distributed in the north and northwest of the territory, mainly including Cangtou River and its tributaries Guanhe River, Tangxi River, Honghe River, Ganhe River and Pianguan river. The drainage area is 2953 square kilometers, accounting for 27.7% of the city's land area. Yongding River System in Haihe River Basin is the main water system of the whole city, which is distributed in the eastern and southern plain areas. There are mainly 20 rivers including sangqian River and its tributaries Hui River, Qili River, xiemaguan River, Yuanzi River, Huangshui River, muguajie River, Hun River, Kouquan River, Dayu River, Emao River, Xiaoyu River, etc., with a drainage area of 7690 square kilometers, accounting for 72.3% of the land area of the whole city.

natural resources

water resource

The annual average total water resources of Shuozhou City is 790 million cubic meters. Among them, 468 million cubic meters of river runoff, 703 million cubic meters of groundwater resources, 382 million cubic meters of repeated calculation of river runoff and groundwater resources. The average total amount of water resources of the whole city is 874 million cubic meters. It is 864 million cubic meters in normal water years (P = 50%), 800 million cubic meters in moderate drought years (P = 75%) and 712 million cubic meters in special drought years (P = 95%). The city's total water resources account for 5.7% of the province's total water resources of 13.81 billion cubic meters. According to the population of 1.2604 million in 1993, the water resources per capita is 627 cubic meters, which is only 24.1% of the national average of 2600 cubic meters, but slightly higher than the average level of 490 cubic meters in the whole province. Measured by the river runoff level of the whole city, the per capita ownership of the whole city is 370 cubic meters, which is lower than the average level of 375 cubic meters per capita of the whole province. The average water resources per mu of the whole city is only 127 cubic meters, 113 cubic meters less than the average water resources per mu of the whole province of 240 cubic meters. Pinglu district and Youyu county have higher per capita share

Chinese PinYin : Shan Xi Sheng Shuo Zhou Shi