Lijiang City, Yunnan Province

Lijiang Lijiang, a prefecture level city in Yunnan Province, is located in the southeast edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Northwest Yunnan Plateau and the middle reaches of the Jinsha River. It is an important passageway of international famous tourist city, ancient "Southern Silk Road" and "ancient tea horse road". The urban center is located at 100 ° 25 'e and 26 ° 86' n, with a total area of 20600 square kilometers. It connects Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the north, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in the south, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in the west, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Panzhihua City in Sichuan Province in the East, and is 527 kilometers away from Kunming city.

Lijiang City is located at the junction of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau and Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The highest point is the main peak of Yulong Snow Mountain. It belongs to low latitude warm temperate plateau mountain monsoon climate. The territory is rich in water resources and a wide range of animals and plants. It is one of the key forest areas in Yunnan Province and one of the bases of China's water and power transmission from west to East.

As of 2015, Lijiang has one municipal district and four counties. By the end of 2017, Lijiang had 1 million 290 thousand permanent residents and 1227009 registered residence population.

Lijiang is a multi-ethnic place, except for the Han nationality, there are a total of 12 ethnic minorities, 22 ethnic minorities; Lijiang is a famous tourist city, with three World Heritages: the ancient city of Lijiang, the world natural heritage of three parallel rivers, the world memory heritage of Naxi Dongba ancient books and documents. Rich in tourism resources, there are 104 scenic spots, including Lijiang ancient city, Yulong Snow Mountain, Tiger Leaping Gorge, Laojun Mountain, Shuhe ancient town, anaguo and other well-known tourist attractions. It has been awarded the honorary titles of China's top 100 tourism competitive cities, China's top 10 leisure cities, China's excellent tourism cities, China's top 10 charming cities, Yunnan talent special zone, and green pearl in the Yangtze River economic belt.

Place name source

The name Lijiang began in 1276 when Lijiang Road, an administrative district, was set up. The geographical records of the Yuan Dynasty says, "Lu Yin is famous for the river." As for the origin of the place name "Lijiang", it originated from Jinsha River, another name "Lishui". According to Yunnan Tongzhi, "the name of Jiang is Lishui, which originated from the Tubo kingdom. It is under Longchuan plough stone. Its original name is Lishui, but it is mistaken for Lishui." Jinsha River originated from Li Niushi on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, so it was called Li Shui. Later, because Li and Li had similar sounds, they were named Lishui and Lijiang.

History of construction

One hundred thousand years ago, the late Paleolithic Homo sapiens "Lijiang people" lived here. The discovery of cave paintings in the Jinshajiang River Valley and a large number of Neolithic, bronze and iron artifacts prove that Lijiang is one of the important areas of ancient human activities in Southwest China.

During the Warring States period, it belonged to Shu County of Qin state. At the end of the Warring States period, it was the state of Dian.

In the Han Dynasty, the state of Dian came down to the Han Dynasty, and now Lijiang city belongs to Yue Zhu County, which is called suijiu county.

During the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to Yunnan Prefecture.

During the Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties, Lijiang still belonged to Yunnan county, called suijiu county. About this time, the Naxi ancestors moved here.

In the Tang Dynasty, it was once the place of the governor of Yaozhou, then the place of Tubo and Nanzhao, which was called sangchuan, belonging to Jianchuan Festival.

In the first year of Baoyou (1253) of the Southern Song Dynasty, Kublai Khan made the Naxi chieftain Aliang the governor of chahanzhang. In the second year of Shiyou (1254 A.D.), there were three officials in charge of the people in dayechang, which was subordinate to chahanzhang; in the eighth year of Zhiyuan (1271 A.D.), there was chahanzhang Xuanwei department in Lijiang. In 1276, Lijiang road was rebuilt and the military and civilian general office was established. It was under the jurisdiction of Yongbei Prefecture, tonganzhou, Jujin Prefecture, Baoshan Prefecture, Yongning Prefecture, Langzhou, shunzhou, Lanzhou and Linxi County. In the 22nd year of Zhiyuan (1285), Lijiang Xuanfu department was established.

In the 15th year of Hongwu (1382) of Ming Dynasty, Lijiang prefect a Jia a de "led the people to surrender" and changed from Lijiang road Xuanfu department to Lijiang government. In the 30th year of Hongwu (1397), he was promoted to Lijiang military and civilian government. There were four prefectures, one county and one inspection department: Tongan Prefecture, Baoshan Prefecture, Lanzhou, Jujin Prefecture, Linxi County and shimenguan inspection department.

In 1660, the military and civilian government of Lijiang was set up, and the Mu family was still the hereditary magistrate. In 1723, the imperial court implemented the policy of "changing the officials to return to Liu" in Lijiang, and the imperial court appointed the Liu officials to be the magistrate. In 1770, Lijiang County was set up.

In the second year of the Republic of China (1912), Lijiang abandoned the government and left it in the county. The county yamen moved into the former Lijiang government office.

In 1931, Lijiang, Yongbei and Huaping counties were set up in Lijiang.

In 1941, the seventh administrative office of Yunnan Province and Lijiang County government were set up in Lijiang. Later, Lijiang County was the 13th administrative supervision district, and Yongsheng, Huaping and Ninglang were the 10th administrative supervision district.

In July 1949, Lijiang County was liberated and under the jurisdiction of the people's Commission of Northwest Yunnan. On December 28, the office of Lijiang people's administrative commissioner was established.

In April 1950, it was changed into Lijiang Commissioner's office, with jurisdiction over 13 counties, including Lijiang, Yongsheng, Huaping, Ninglang, Weixi, Lanping, Zhongdian, Deqin, Bijiang, Fugong, Gongshan, Heqing and Jianchuan.

At the end of 1953, HUSHUI county was transferred from Baoshan to Lijiang.

In August 1954, the four counties of HUSHUI, Bijiang, Fugong and Gongshan were set up to form the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Region, which is under the jurisdiction of Lijiang special region.

In 1956, Heqing and Jianchuan counties were assigned to Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture.

In September 1957, the three counties of Zhongdian, Deqin and Weixi were set up as Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. In addition to the eight counties in Nujiang and Diqing autonomous prefectures, Lijiang Prefecture has jurisdiction over Lijiang County, Yongsheng County, Huaping County and Ninglang Yi Autonomous County.

In April 1961, Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County was established, belonging to Lijiang area.

In August 1973, Nujiang Prefecture and Diqing Prefecture were directly under the provincial administration. Lijiang Prefecture only governed Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, Yongsheng County, Huaping County and Ninglang Yi Autonomous County.

In 1980, Lijiang district administrative office was established.

On December 26, 2002, Lijiang was set up as a city instead of land. The former Lijiang area was changed into Lijiang City, and the former Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County was divided into Gucheng district and Yulong Naxi Autonomous County.

administrative division

As of 2015, Lijiang City has jurisdiction over Gucheng District, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, Yongsheng County, Huaping County, Ninglang Yi Autonomous County, 1 District, 4 counties, and 63 townships (towns and sub district offices), including 4 streets, 13 towns, 28 townships, and 18 ethnic townships. The municipal government is located in Dayan Town, Gucheng district.

geographical environment

Location context

Lijiang City is located at the junction of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau and Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the northwest of Yunnan Province. Its urban center is located at 100 ° 25'e and 26 ° 86'n, with a total area of 20600 square kilometers. It connects Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the north, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in the south, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in the west, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Panzhihua City in Sichuan Province in the East, and 527 kilometers away from Kunming city.

topographic features

Lijiang is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The highest point is the main peak of Yulong Snow Mountain, with an altitude of 5596 meters. The lowest point is Tangba estuary, shilongba Township, Huaping County, with an altitude of 1015 meters and a maximum altitude difference of 4581 meters. To the west of Yulong mountain is Hengduan Mountain range, which cuts into the subarea of mountain gorge area. The mountain is high and the valley is deep, the mountain is steep and straight, and the river is deep in it. The east of Yulong Mountain belongs to the original sub region of Zhongshan Mountain in Northwest Yunnan, which is located in the original mountain area of the East Yunnan basin. On both sides of the main mountain range, there are wide-ranging East-West valleys, forming a complex land landscape with undulating terrain and great altitude difference. There are 111 large and small dams scattered among the mountains, with an altitude of more than 2000 meters. Lijiang dam is the largest with an area of about 200 square kilometers and an average altitude of 2466 meters.

Jinsha River, which flows through the whole city, and Laojun Mountain, Yulong Mountain and Mianmian mountain (commonly known as Xiaoliang mountain) which rise from both sides of Yunling mountain, constitute the basic meridian and skeleton of Lijiang City. From north to south, Laojun Mountain is like a barrier in the West. The main peak of Laojun Mountain is 4247.4 meters above sea level. Yulong Snow Mountain is located 15 kilometers away from Lijiang city government. It is covered with high mountain glaciers. It is covered with snow all the year round. 13 peaks are connected end to end and point to the sky. The eastern part is mianmianshan. There are 12 mountains with an altitude of 3500-5000 meters in the city. It is distributed in all counties of Zhongshan with an altitude of 2500-3500 meters. Ninglang and Yongsheng are most of them. The mountains below 2500 meters above sea level are widely distributed in the southeast and south.

climate

Lijiang is a low latitude warm temperate plateau mountain monsoon climate. Due to the great difference in altitude, the climate is distributed from the south subtropical zone to the alpine zone, with little change in the four seasons, distinct dry and wet seasons, obvious vertical differences in climate, more disastrous weather, small annual temperature difference and large day night temperature difference. It has the characteristics of marine climate and continental climate. The windward slope of southeast and southwest is rainy area, the leeward slope is relatively dry and less rainy area, and the Jinshajiang River Valley is dry and less rainy area. The annual average temperature of the whole city is between 12.6 ° C and 19.9 ° C, the frost free period is 191-310 days, the average annual rainfall is 910-1040 mm, the rainy season is mainly from June to September, and the annual sunshine hours are 2321-2554 hours.

hydrology

Rivers in Lijiang City belong to two river basins and three water systems, namely Jinsha River System in Yangtze River Basin, Yalong river system and Heihui river system in Lancang River Basin. Among them, the Yangtze River basin covers 20799 square kilometers, accounting for 98% of the total area; the Lancang River basin covers 420 square kilometers, accounting for 2% of the total area. There are 93 secondary and above tributaries of Jinsha River, Yalong River and Lancang River in the city, among which 21 rivers have a drainage area of 200 square kilometers or above.

There are Lugu Lake, Chenghai Lake and Lashihai lake. Chenghai is located in the middle of Yongsheng County

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Li Jiang Shi