Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province

Zhuhai, a prefecture level city in Guangdong Province, is located in the central and southern part of Guangdong Province. It faces Hong Kong and Shenzhen across the sea in the East, Macao in the South and 9 kilometers away from Macao. Hengqin new area faces Macao across the river, Jiangmen in the West and Zhongshan in the North. With nine national first-class ports, it is the city with the largest marine area, the largest number of islands and the longest coastline in the Pearl River Delta, known as the "city of 100 islands". It is one of the core cities in the West Bank of the Pearl River Estuary, one of the central cities in the Pearl River Delta, an important node city in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Bay area, and a provincial sub central city

Zhuhai is one of the representative cities of Guangfu culture, one of the important places for Guangfu people to go abroad, and one of the earliest special economic zones in China. It is the only city in China that has been selected as "the top 40 national tourist attractions" by its overall urban landscape. It is a coastal city, a new garden city, a newly promulgated "happy city" and a "romantic city" in China. Zhuhai was established in 1979 and a special economic zone was established in 1980, enjoying the local legislative power granted by the National People's Congress. Zhuhai ranks first in China in 2013.

Zhuhai has successively won the titles of "national garden city", "national health city", "national ecological demonstration zone", "China's top ten charming cities", "China's top ten livable cities", "China's excellent tourism city", "China's happiest city", "National Forest City" and "China's ecological civilization Award", etc.; and the "international reform Award" issued by UN Habitat "The best living environment award" and "the happiest city in China". In February 2020, it was identified as the fifth batch of pilot areas for the reform of home-based and community-based care services supported by the central government. In June 2020, the Central Committee for the rule of law was selected as the first batch of national government construction demonstration areas and projects.

From the Southern Song Dynasty to the Republic of China, most areas of Zhuhai were under the jurisdiction of Zhongshan County (formerly known as Xiangshan County). According to the polished stone and painted pottery found in archaeology, primitive tribal people lived here as early as the Neolithic age, four or five thousand years ago. Around the Fenghuang mountains and on the sand dunes, hills and platforms of some islands at the mouth of the Pearl River, there are traces of the ancestors.

Charming scenery and vitality Zhuhai

During the Warring States period, it was the place of Baiyue. After Qin Shihuang unified China, Nanhai Prefecture was set up in Lingnan in the 33rd year (214 BC), which was under the jurisdiction of Nanhai Prefecture.

In the early Han Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Nanyue state. Han Yuan Ding six years (111 BC), under the jurisdiction of Panyu County, until the Eastern Han Dynasty.

During the Three Kingdoms period, it was under the jurisdiction of Wu state. In the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (331), Dongguan county was divided into the east of Nanhai County, which was under the jurisdiction of Dongguan county. Until the northern and Southern Dynasties, in 420, Dongguan county was changed to Dongguan County, which was under the jurisdiction of Dongguan county.

Sui kaihuang decade (590), is under the jurisdiction of Baoan county.

In 757, Bao'an county changed its name to Dongguan County, which was under the jurisdiction of Dongguan County, and Xiangshan town (today's mountain farm in Zhuhai City) was set up. Xiangshan town is named after Wugui mountain, the ancestor of all the mountains in the territory, for its luxuriant flowers and plants, numerous immortal teas and unique color and fragrance.

After the Tang Dynasty, through the Five Dynasties and Song Dynasty, Xiangshan town still belonged to Dongguan county.

In 1082, xiangshanzhai was established, which still belongs to Dongguan county. In the 22nd year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1152), Xiangshan village, which originally belonged to Dongguan County, was designated, and part of the coastal areas of Nanhai County, Xinhui County, Panyu county and Dongguan county were set up as Xiangshan County and subordinate to Guangzhou government.

In 1282, Xiangshan County was subordinate to Guangzhou road.

Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

In 1368, Xiangshan County was subordinate to Guangzhou government.

In 1645, Xiangshan County was still subordinate to Guangzhou government.

In 1912, Xiangshan County was directly under the jurisdiction of the province. From 1902 to 1909, it was attached to yuehaidao. After 1910, it was under the jurisdiction of the central appeasement office. From May 1919 to October 1923, Zhongshan County Government set up the Tang family. On April 15, 1925, in memory of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, Xiangshan County was renamed Zhongshan County, under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou administrative region. In 1936, it was under the direct supervision of the provincial government.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Zhongshan County was under the jurisdiction of the Pearl River region and the central Guangdong Administrative Region in 1952. On December 31, 1952, fishermen's county was established. The islands of Bao'an, Dongguan and Zhongshan are the administrative regions of fishermen's County, which are led by the central Guangdong administrative region.

On April 7, 1953, the fishermen's county was officially named Zhuhai County, with more than 100 fishermen's counties including Zhongshan port Township, Wanqingsha, Sanzao Island, dahengqin Island, xiaohengqin Island, nanshai Island, Beishui Island, Gaolan Island, Hebao Island, Qi'ao Island, Longxue Island, Neilingding Island, wailingding Island, Sanmen Island, Wanshan Island, Dangan island and Jiapeng island The county government is located in Tangjia, which is under the jurisdiction of the central Guangdong administrative region.

On May 1, 1953, Zhuhai county was officially established. On May 25 this year, with the approval of the provincial people's government, the name, quantity and scope of the districts and townships in Zhuhai county were determined. There are four districts and 44 townships in total. The jurisdiction of Zhuhai county is similar to that of today's Zhuhai City (excluding Doumen District), but there is one more Wanqingsha district (now Panyu District of Guangzhou City).

On March 22, 1959, Zhuhai county was merged into Zhongshan County.

On April 17, 1961, the organizational system of Zhuhai county was restored, and the county government was stationed in Xiangzhou.

On March 5, 1979, Zhuhai county was changed into Zhuhai City. In November of the same year, it was designated as a provincial city.

On August 26, 1980, the 15th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress of the people's Republic of China approved the establishment of a special economic zone in Zhuhai, covering an area of 6.81 square kilometers.

In May 1983, Doumen County was under the jurisdiction of Zhuhai City. On June 29, the State Council approved the adjustment of the area of Zhuhai Special Economic Zone to 15.16 square kilometers.

In August 1984, Xiangzhou District was established in Zhuhai.

On April 5, 1988, the area of Zhuhai Special Economic Zone was adjusted to 121 square kilometers.

In April 2001, the State Council approved the abolition of Doumen County and the establishment of Doumen District and Jinwan District of Zhuhai City.

In 2009, Hengqin was included in the scope of Zhuhai Special Economic Zone, with a total area of 227.46 square kilometers.

On October 1, 2010, the scope of Zhuhai Special Economic Zone was extended to the whole city.

On March 24, 2015, Zhuhai Hengqin new area was included in China (Guangdong) pilot free trade zone.

administrative division

By 2020, Zhuhai has three administrative districts (Xiangzhou District, Doumen District and Jinwan District), 15 towns, 10 streets and five economic functional zones (Hengqin New District, Zhuhai high tech Industrial Development Zone, Zhuhai Free Trade Zone, Zhuhai Gaolan Port Economic Zone and Zhuhai Wanshan Marine Development Experimental Zone).

Map of Zhuhai

geographical environment

Location context

Zhuhai is located in the south of Guangdong Province, on the West Bank of the Pearl River Estuary, where the water of "five gates" (Jinxing gate, Modao gate, Jiti gate, Hutiao gate, yamen) flows into the sea. It is located between 21 ° 48 ′～ 22 ° 27 ′ N and 113 ° 03 ′～ 114 ° 19 ′ E. Zhuhai faces Shenzhen and Hong Kong across the sea in the East, 36 nautical miles away from Hong Kong, China, connects Macao, China in the south, Xinhui District of Jiangmen City and Taishan City in the west, Zhongshan City in the north, and 140 kilometers away from Guangzhou city.

Geology and geomorphology

The exposed strata in Zhuhai City are relatively simple. In addition to the widely developed quaternary system, the Cambrian system, Devonian system and Jurassic system of Mesozoic era are sporadically exposed in the northeast and central and western parts of Zhuhai City, covering an area of 759.09 square kilometers, accounting for 57.95% of the land area of Zhuhai city.

The Mesozoic Magmatic Activity in Zhuhai area is very intense. The Yanshanian acidic magmatic rocks are widely distributed, with an exposed area of 550.78 square kilometers, accounting for 42.05% of the land area. It can be divided into two, three, four and five stages of intrusive rocks.

The geomorphic form is obviously controlled by the NE and NW trending structural lines, and Zhuhai area is cut into geomorphic units of fault block uplift and subsidence by NE and NW trending faults, forming fault block uplift mountains and subsidence plains. There are 146 islands in Zhuhai, which are distributed outside the Pearl River Estuary. There are various types of coastal landforms and long coastlines. The coastline of the city's mainland is 166.32 kilometers long. The coastal accumulation of plain is strong, and there is a vast alluvial marine plain. The mudflat along the coast moves outward faster, such as Modaomen. There are headlands at the mouth of the Bay, sandbanks and lagoon plains in the bay. The slope of the land is gentle. Except for the steep slope of the island, the slope of the mainland is gentle. The hill platform is mainly composed of granite, and Yanshanian granite is widely exposed in the city.

climatic conditions

Zhuhai is located in the West Bank of the Pearl River Estuary, adjacent to the vast South China Sea, which is a typical subtropical monsoon marine climate. The annual average temperature is 22.5 ℃ from 1979 to 2000, the annual average relative humidity is 80%, and the annual average rainfall is 2061.9 mm.

Zhuhai is often attacked by south subtropical monsoon and thunderstorms. The southeast monsoon prevails from April to September, which is the rainy season, accounting for 85% of the annual precipitation; the northeast monsoon prevails from October to next March, which is the dry season.

Zhuhai, the core city on the West Bank of the Pearl River

The annual average relative humidity of Zhuhai atmosphere is 79%. In the early spring of each year, there is continuous drizzle, and the relative humidity of the air is relatively high, sometimes up to 100%. The disastrous weather in Zhuhai is mainly typhoon and rainstorm. In winter of some years, it is affected by cold wave and low temperature. Most typhoons occur from June to October, with an annual average of 4

Chinese PinYin : Guang Dong Sheng Zhu Hai Shi