Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Bayannaoer, one of the prefecture level cities under the jurisdiction of Inner Mongolia, is located in the west of Inner Mongolia. It is between 40 ° 13 '- 42 ° 28' n and 105 ° 12 '- 109 ° 53' e, bordering Baotou in the East, Alxa League and Wuhai in the west, Ordos across the Yellow River in the South and Mongolia in the north, with a total area of 64000 square kilometers.

The northern part of Bayannaoer City is Wulat grassland, the central part is Yinshan Mountain, and the southern part is Hetao Plain. It is a typical mid temperate continental monsoon climate with an average temperature of 3.7 ℃ to 7.6 ℃ for many years. The territory is rich in mineral resources, wind energy resources and sunshine resources, with pyrite reserves ranking the first in China, and it is one of the regions with the most abundant wind energy resources in China. Hetao Irrigation Area in Bayannaoer is the largest artesian irrigation area in Asia. Hetao Plain in Bayannaoer has the reputation of "south of the Yangtze River". The city's organic milk production accounts for more than half of the country, and the export of agricultural and livestock products ranks first in Inner Mongolia. It is the largest cashmere free production base in China.

By the end of 2017, Bayannaoer City had jurisdiction over one municipal district, two counties and four banners, with a total population of 1.685 million, a GDP of 74.01 billion yuan and a per capita GDP of 43949 yuan. There are Nalin lake, Yellow River Hetao, Jinghu and other tourist areas in the territory. It has won the title of China's international tourism and cultural destination and national garden city. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Historical evolution

Place name source

Bayannaoer is Mongolian, which means "rich lake". It is named after the famous Freshwater Lake Wuliangsuhai and many lakes in Bayannaoer.

History of construction

As early as in the primitive society, people lived in the area north of Yinshan Mountain in Bayannaoer City. Most of the stone tools used were scrapers, and they lived a life of hunting.

From Xia, Shang, Western Zhou to the spring and Autumn period, Guifang, Yuyu and other nationalities nomaded here.

During the Warring States period, the jurisdiction of Yunzhong County of Zhao state reached the south of Yinshan Mountain, while Linhu, Loufan and other nationalities nomaded in the north of Yinshan Mountain.

In Qin Dynasty, Jiuyuan County reached the south of Yinshan, and Xiongnu nationality lived in the north of Yinshan. In the second year of Yuanshuo, Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty (127 BC), there were two prefectures, Wuyuan and Shuofang. Shuofang county has ten leading counties (Shuofang County, Guangmu County, Woye County, Linhe County, LINRONG County, Sanfeng County, yuhun County, Huqiu County, qusou County, Dacheng county and xiudu county). Among them, Linhe county and Woye county are in Linhe District, and LINRONG County, Sanfeng county and yuhun county are in Dengkou county.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued an imperial edict to recruit people to settle down at the border, and then there was a certain scale of farming. In the first two years (2 years), there were 34338 households in Shuofang County, with a population of 136628. The sixteen leading counties of Wuyuan County (Jiuyuan County, LINRONG County, Heyin County, manbai County, Wudu County, Nanyu County, Guyang County, Xianyang County, Hemu County, Yiliang County, Chengyi County, Guangmu county), among which Hemu County, Xianyang County, Yiliang County, Chengyi county and Guangmu county are located in the present Wuyuan County. In the early Eastern Han Dynasty, Nan Danyu, the Hun who had been surrendered, was stationed here. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Shuofang county and Wuyuan County were abolished.

From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sixteen States, the southern Huns and other nationalities nomaded here. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, huaishuo and Woye towns were established in the territory. In the Tang Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Fengzhou at the beginning, and then under the jurisdiction of the central and western cities.

In Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Xia Dynasty, the eastern part of Bayannaoer area belongs to Liao and Jin state one after another, and the western part belongs to Xixia state.

In Yuan Dynasty, Yinshan belonged to Yunnei Prefecture of Datong Road in the South and to Dening road in the north. Now Dengkou county belongs to Ningxia road, Gansu Province.

In the early Ming Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Shanxi sanjiangcheng, dongshengwei, zhekou Shouyu qianhusuo and Shaanxi Ningxia Wei. In addition, more than 40 guard stations were set up in the southern desert area, which were under the jurisdiction of the thirteen great fortresses. They ordered the father of Princess Zhu Di to guard the capital Timur. After the restoration of Yingzong, Tatars began to enter Hetao on a large scale during the Tianshun period (1457-1464), and soon unified all parts of Mongolia and Monan.

In the Qing Dynasty, Hetao area belonged to the left wing rear banner and right wing rear banner of YIKEZHAO League (today's Ordos City). In 1648, Wulat Front Banner, Wulat Middle Banner and Wulat rear banner (to the north and east of Wujia River) were set up. In 1903, Wuyuan hall was set up.

In 1912, Wuyuan hall was changed into a county.

In 1914, Suiyuan Special Administrative Region was established. At that time, there were Wuyuan County, Wulate Front Banner, Wulate Middle Banner and Wulate rear banner.

In the 14th year of the Republic of China (1925), Linhe and dashetai were set up.

In 1927, Dengkou county was established.

In 1928, Suiyuan Special Administrative Region was established as Suiyuan province. At that time, there were Wuyuan County, dashetai Administrative Bureau, Linhe Administrative Bureau, Wulate Front Banner, Wulate Middle Banner and Wulate rear banner.

In October 1929, Linhe set up a County Administration Bureau.

In July 1931, the governing Bureau of dashetai was renamed Anbei.

In 1942, a new county system was implemented in Suiyuan Province, with the addition of Micang County, Langshan County, Yanjiang county and Shanba town preparatory office. At that time, there were Wuyuan County, Linhe County, Anbei County, Micang County, Langshan County, Yanjiang County, Wulate Front Banner, Wulate Middle Banner, Wulate back banner and the Preparatory Office of Shanba town.

In 1949, Suiyuan was peacefully liberated.

In March 1950, shaanba Commissioner's office of Suiyuan province was established, with jurisdiction over Wuyuan, Linhe, Anbei, Langshan, Micang, Yanjiang county and shaanba town. Wulat Front Banner, Wulat Middle Banner and Wulat rear banner belonged to Ulanqab League. In September, Micang was withdrawn and Hangjinhou banner was set up.

In 1954, Suiyuan province was abolished and shaanba Commissioner's office of Suiyuan province was established as Hetao administrative region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The people's Government of Hetao administrative region is located in Shanba Town, which governs Wuyuan County, Linhe County, Anbei County, Langshan county and Dalate Houqi.

In 1956, bayinhot Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture and Ejina Autonomous Prefecture under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province were transferred back to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Bayannaoer League was established. The League government was stationed in BAYANHOT city and governed Alashan banner, Ejina Banner, Dengkou county and BAYANHOT city.

In 1958, Hetao administrative region and Bayannaoer League merged to form a new Bayannaoer League. Bayannaoer League administrative office moved to Bayan Gaole Town, Dengkou county. It has jurisdiction over Alashan banner, Ejina Banner, Hangjinhou banner, Wulat Front Banner (which was under the jurisdiction of Ulanqab League in 1958 and belonged to Baotou City from July 1960 to December 1963), middle and rear United banner of Wulat (which was under the jurisdiction of Ulanqab League in 1958), Wuyuan County, Linhe county and Dengkou county (which was under the jurisdiction of Bayannaoer league from July 1960 to July 1964) Yangaole City, Wuda city (established in July 1961).

In 1970, the Revolutionary Committee of Bayannaoer League moved from Bayan Gaole town of Dengkou county to Linhe. In October, Chaoge banner was set up. At that time, Bayannaoer League governed Hangjinhou banner, Wulat Front Banner, Wulat Middle and rear United banner, Chaoge banner, Wuyuan County, Linhe County, Dengkou county and Wuda City.

On December 1, 2003, the State Council approved the abolition of Bayannaoer League and county-level Linhe City and the establishment of Bayannaoer City and Linhe district. The people's Government of Bayannaoer City is located in Linhe district. Bayannaoer City governs Hangjinhou banner, wulathou banner, wulatzhong banner, Wuyuan County, Dengkou county and Linhe district.

administrative division

Division evolution

In October 1952, Urad Middle Banner and Urad rear banner were merged and changed into Urad middle and rear United banner.

In October 1953, Yanjiang county was withdrawn and changed to Dalate rear banner.

In April 1958, Anbei county was withdrawn into Wulat Front Banner, Langshan County, Hangjinhou banner, Dalate back banner, Wuyuan County, Shanba town and Hangjinhou banner.

In 1961, Alxa banner was withdrawn and divided into Alxa Left Banner and Alxa Right Banner.

In July 1969, Alxa Left Banner was assigned to Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Alxa Right Banner and Ejina banner to Gansu Province.

In August 1975, Wuda city was set aside.

In 1982, the middle and rear United banner and Chaoge banner of Wulat were renamed Wulat Middle Banner and Wulat rear banner respectively.

In December 1984, Linhe county was changed into Linhe City (county level).

On December 1, 2003, the State Council approved the abolition of county-level Linhe City and the establishment of Linhe district.

Zoning details

As of 2015, Bayannaoer has jurisdiction over one municipal district: Linhe District, two counties: Wuyuan County and Dengkou County, four banners: Hangjinhou banner, Wulat Front Banner, Wulat Middle Banner and Wulat rear banner, with 59 Sumu, towns and 9 streets. Linhe District, where the municipal government is located.

geographical environment

Location context

Bayannaoer City is located in the west of Inner Mongolia, between 40 ° 13 '- 42 ° 28' n and 105 ° 12 '- 109 ° 53' e, connecting Baotou in the East, Alxa League and Wuhai City in the west, Ordos City across the Yellow River in the South and Mongolia in the north, with a total area of 64000 square kilometers.

geology

Bayannaoer area is located in the middle of Yinshan Tianshan West trending giant complex structural belt. From the old to the new, it experienced the development of Archean, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic.

topographic features

The northern part of Bayannaoer City is Wulat grassland, the central part is Yinshan Mountain, and the southern part is Hetao Plain.

Wulat grassland is adjacent to Yinshan Mountain in the South and Mongolia Grassland in the north, covering an area of more than 30600 square kilometers, accounting for 47% of the total area of the city. The terrain inclines from south to north with small fluctuation, which is a natural pasture. There are low mountains and hills in the middle, desert and Gobi widely and scattered in the west, the larger desert is bokete desert, and there are Haloxylon shrubs in the desert.

Yinshan

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu Ba Yan Nao Er Shi