Dandong City, Liaoning Province

Dandong Dandong, a prefecture level city of Liaoning Province, is located in the southeast of Liaoning Province. It faces xinyizhou city of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea across the river in the East, the Yellow Sea in the south, Anshan in the west, Dalian in the southwest and Benxi in the north. The geographical coordinates are 123 ° 22 ′ e to 125 ° 42 ′ E and 39 ° 43 ′ n to 41 ° 09 ′ n. The largest horizontal distance between East and West is 196 km, and the largest vertical distance between North and south is 160 km. The coastline is 126 km long, with a total area of 15222 square kilometers and a population of 2.4447 million. It has jurisdiction over three municipal districts, one Autonomous County and two county-level cities.

Dandong is the starting point of the northern end of China's coastline. It is located in the center of Northeast Asia. It is an important intersection of Northeast Asia economic circle, Bohai Sea economic circle and Yellow Sea economic circle. It is a city along the river, coast and border with industry, commerce, port, logistics and tourism as the main body. It is a national border cooperation zone, a national key development and opening experimental zone along the border, and a coastal open city with port There are five types of ports, including ports, railways, highways, pipelines and airports, 10 ports, and one border trade zone between China and North Korea. It is the largest port city for China's trade with North Korea and a national franchise tourism city for North Korea. It is the only city in Asia with border ports, airports, high-speed rail, river ports, seaports and expressways, and a regional circulation node city.

Dandong's per capita water consumption is four times of that of Liaoning Province, and its forest coverage rate is 65.32%, which is a natural green umbrella supporting Liaodong Peninsula. 64 kinds of mineral resources have been found, which is the "boron capital" of China. Dandong is rich in geothermal resources. It is a famous hot spring resort and has been rated as "hot spring city of China". Dandong is known as "China's largest and most beautiful border city". It is a national health city, a national garden city, an excellent tourism city in China, a national model city of double support, and one of the top ten pension resorts in China.

Historical evolution

Dandong is located in the border of the motherland. It is a military fortress in all dynasties. Tang Yao belonged to Qingzhou and Yu Shun to Yingzhou.

During the Warring States period, it was the eastern frontier of Yan state.

In the Western Han Dynasty, there were Xi'an Ping county and Wuci county.

In the first year of the general chapter of the Tang Dynasty, it was set up as the protector of Andong capital.

Xuanzhou, Kaizhou, muzhou and laiyuancheng were built in Liao Dynasty, which was under the jurisdiction of posafu Road (now Jiulian Town, Zhen'an District) in Jin Dynasty.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the gold system was followed to establish the POSA mansion.

The Ming Dynasty was under the command of Liaodong capital. In the 46th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1618), the later Jin Dynasty adopted the policy of border fixing, built wicker border in the border gate of Yinhe River and the border gate of Phoenix City, and prohibited farming, hunting, fishing, logging and mining outside the border wall, which made Dandong a barren land and seriously damaged the development of economy and culture.

After the 28th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1689), the Qing government carried out the policy of expanding the border, which was gradually developed. With the development of Shandong, Hebei and other places, the number of Han people is increasing. The Qing government was forced to use the rich resources of the "forbidden area" to "naturalize the refugees" and allowed Shudi to be promoted to the Imperial College. In 1874, it was stipulated that "all the eastern areas were banned" and in 1875, it set up the Imperial College in ANZISHAN. In 1876, the Qing government set up Anton County, Xiuyan Prefecture and Fenghuang hall. In the next year, Kuandian County was set up, with Fenghuang hall as the capital to govern Xiuyan, Anton and Kuandian counties. So far, the history of border natural development has ended. Dandong has entered a new period of development, creating favorable conditions for the formation of Dandong City.

On the second day of the September 18th Incident, Japanese troops occupied Anton and Fengcheng. On December 15, 1933, the Japanese puppets changed Liaoning Province to Fengtian province, and Anton county was a class a county under Fengtian province. In October 1934, the puppet Manchukuo divided the four provinces of Northeast China into 14 provinces. The newly added Anton province governs 12 counties, such as Anton, Fengcheng, Saima, Kuandian, etc., and is located in Anton county. Thus Anton became the center of military, political, economic and cultural activities in Anton province. In December 1937, Anton city was set up in Manchuria. Anton city is separated out from Anton county and belongs to Anton province together with Anton county. The urban area is divided into seven districts: Jintang, Yuanbao, Zhongxing, Zhen'an, Langtou, Dahe and Xuri.

In 1945, after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the army led by the Communist Party of China entered Anton city. In early November, it took over the Japanese puppet regime and established the governments of Anton Province, Anton City, Anton County, Fengcheng County, Saima county and Kuandian County. Anton city is divided into seven districts: Central, Zhenjiang, Zhongxing, Yuanbao, Jintang, Zhen'an and Langtou.

In March 1946 and November 1947, jiuliancheng and wulongbei District of Anton county were successively assigned to Anton city. In June 1946, the second special office of southern Liaoning Province was established, which was under the jurisdiction of Anton and Gushan counties. In November, it was transferred to Anton province. In March of the next year, the second special office was cancelled, and Anton City, Anton county and Gushan county were directly under Anton province.

In May 1949, Liaodong province was established, and Anton city is subordinate to Liaodong province. Anton city is the capital of Anton province and Liaodong province. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Anton province and Liaodong province.

In September 1954, Liaodong and Liaoxi provinces merged to establish Liaoning Province, and Dandong City was subordinate to Liaoning Province.

In April 1956, Yuanbao district and Zhen'an District merged into Yuanbao District, and Zhenxing District and Central District merged into Zhenxing District. In July, jiuliancheng district and wulongbei district were merged into wulongbei District, and Langtou district and Tangchi district were merged into Langtou district.

In July 1957, Langtou district and wulongbei district were abolished and set up as suburbs.

In December 1958, Anton City, Fengcheng County, Xiuyan County and Kuandian County were assigned to Anton city.

In January 1965, with the approval of the State Council, Anton city was renamed Dandong City. It means Red Oriental City. Anton county was renamed Donggou county. In February, Zhenxing District was renamed Zhenxing District.

In December 1965, Zhuanghe was assigned to Dandong City.

In December 1968, Zhuanghe was put under LvDa city (now Dalian City).

After 1978, under the guidance of the line, principles and policies of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Dandong people held high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping theory, created a new period of socialist construction, made brilliant achievements one after another in the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization, and made great changes in Dandong. County and district administrative organs have also changed. First, the title of Yuanbao district should be restored.

In October 1980, the suburb was renamed Zhen'an District.

After 1985, Xiuyan, Fengcheng and Kuandian counties were changed into Manchu autonomous counties.

In February 1992, Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County was assigned to Anshan City.

In June 1993 and March 1994, with the approval of the State Council, Donggou county was abolished to establish Donggang City, Fengcheng Manchu Autonomous County was abolished to establish Fengcheng City. So far, Dandong has jurisdiction over Zhenxing District, Yuanbao District, Zhen'an District, Donggang City, Fengcheng City and Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County. And set up a national Dandong border economic cooperation zone.

In 1992, Dandong Border Economic Cooperation Zone, a national economic cooperation zone, was established. It was one of the 14 national border economic cooperation zones at that time.

administrative division

As of July 2017, Dandong has jurisdiction over three municipal districts, one Autonomous County and two county-level cities. There are 60 towns, 4 townships, 24 streets, 183 communities and 655 villages. The municipal government is located at 100 Yinhe street, Xincheng District.

geographical environment

Location context

Dandong City is located in 123 ° 22 ′ to 125 ° 42 ′ e, 39 ° 43 ′ to 41 ° 09 ′ n, facing xinyizhou city of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea across the river in the East, the Yellow Sea in the south, Anshan in the west, Dalian in the southwest and Benxi in the north. Dandong has a maximum horizontal distance of 196 km from east to west and a maximum vertical distance of 160 km from north to south, covering a total area of 15222 square kilometers.

climate

Dandong is located in the middle latitude zone on the east coast of the Eurasian continent. It has a warm temperate humid monsoon climate. The annual average rainfall is mostly between 800-1200 mm. It is the area with the most rainfall in northern China, and two thirds of the rainfall is concentrated in summer.

The annual average temperature is 8-9 ℃ in the South and 6-7 ℃ in the north. Affected by the monsoon, it has obvious seasonal variation and four distinct seasons. It is the warmest and wettest place in Northeast China. Spring and autumn is the season of alternating South and north winds. In spring, the cold air begins to weaken and retreat northward, while the warm air advances northward; in autumn, the opposite is true.

Winter is the longest, summer is the second, and spring and autumn is the shortest. Dandong has the most precipitation in Northeast China, accounting for 70% of the precipitation in Liaoning Province. The average annual precipitation is 881.3-1087.5 mm. Two thirds of the annual precipitation is concentrated in summer, and the rainstorm concentration period is from mid July to mid August.

topographic features

Dandong area is a part of the mountains and hills in Eastern Liaoning Province, which is a branch or remnant of the Changbai Mountain. The terrain gradually decreased from northeast to southwest. According to the height and terrain characteristics, it can be divided into three large-scale geomorphic units: the northern low mountain area, the southern hilly area and the southern coastal plain area. Among them, mountains and hills are the main ones, and some small geomorphic units such as terraces, basins and platforms.

Dandong City is a hilly region with high terrain in the north and low terrain in the south. The mountainous hills account for 72.4%, the plain valley area accounts for 14.6%, the water area accounts for 8.7%, and the others account for 4.3%. The natural profile can be summarized as "seven mountains, one water, half field, half road and Manor"; Kuandian and the north of Fengcheng are the highest, with an average altitude of about 500 meters, 14 peaks over 1000 meters, Huabo mountain, the highest peak, with an altitude of 1336.1 meters; the average altitude of the south central part of Fengcheng and the north of Donggang is 300-50 meters

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