Luohe City, Henan Province

Luohe City, a prefecture level city in Henan Province, is a national food city, a regional transportation hub city, an important modern business and logistics center and an ecological livable city approved by the people's Government of Henan Province. As of 2018, it has jurisdiction over three municipal districts and two counties, with a total area of 2617 square kilometers, a total population of 2.8413 million, and an urbanization rate of 52.47%.

Luohe is located in the southwest edge of North China Plain. Funiu Mountain is located in the West and plain in the East, which is the junction of the second and third steps in the terrain of China; it is located in the southern edge of the warm temperate zone, which belongs to the warm transitional monsoon climate. In the course of a year, there are four distinct seasons. It has a long history. The national treasure qiyingudi unearthed in Jiahu Site is the earliest musical instrument in the world. The oracle bone inscriptions 8000-9000 years ago are the earliest characters in the world so far. The wine making relics unearthed push the history of human wine making to more than 9000 years ago. Xu Shen, who compiled the world's earliest dictionary Shuowen Jiezi, also lives in this land.

Luohe City is a demonstration city of "three products" strategy of consumer goods industry in 2018.

In 2019, Luohe's GDP will reach 157.84 billion yuan, an increase of 7.5% over 2018. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 13.78 billion yuan, an increase of 2.6%. The added value of the secondary industry was 72.99 billion yuan, an increase of 8.9%. The added value of the tertiary industry was 71.07 billion yuan, an increase of 6.7%. The three industrial structure is 8.7:46.3:45.0. The per capita GDP was 59190 yuan, an increase of 7.1%.

Historical evolution

During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, Luohe town took shape. Yinyang city is called because it is near Yinshui (now Shahe).

The Qin and Han Dynasties were under the jurisdiction of Zhaoling county.

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, Yinyang city was renamed qiluo city.

In the Sui Dynasty, the administrative divisions of the Han Dynasty were changed from three levels of state, county and county to two levels of state and county. During the Daye period of emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty, Zhaoling county was merged into Yicheng County, and qiluo city was renamed Yincheng because it was close to Yinshui, which was also called Yinshui, and the city was named suishui.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Shangkou town was renamed luowanhe town because of the confluence of Shali River and the conch like shape of the river.

In the third year of Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty (1524), Shandong Dingtao Jinshi moved to Yancheng county. He thought that the word "Luo" was not suitable for place name, so he changed "Luo" to "Luo".

In the late Qing Dynasty, the Beijing Han railway station was built here, named luowanhe station. Because of many words, it was omitted as Luohe station for convenience of writing and addressing. Luowanhe town was also called Luohe Town, which belongs to Yancheng county. With the development of Luohe economy, the expansion of cattle trade market, and the upgrading of Luohe station, Luohe has become more and more famous, and Luohe has been recognized by the world. In this case, in 1958, the national character Reform Commission officially recognized the second pronunciation of "Luo".

In July 1948, Luohe City at the county level was established.

In January 1949, Luohe City and Yancheng County worked together. In October of the same year, Luohe and Yancheng were set up separately.

In June 1960, Yancheng county was merged into Luohe City.

In November 1961, Luohe and Yancheng were set up separately again.

In January 1986, with the approval of the State Council, Luohe City was upgraded from a county-level city to a provincial city, with a total area of about 2640 square kilometers, covering three counties of Yancheng, Wuyang and Linying, and Yuanhui district.

In 2004, after the adjustment of the new administrative division, the jurisdiction was changed from the original "three counties and one district" of Yancheng, Linying, Wuyang and Yuanhui district to three districts of Yancheng, Yuanhui and Zhaoling and two counties of Linying and Wuyang.

administrative division

As of December 2018, Luohe City has three municipal districts and two counties: Yuanhui District, Yancheng District, Zhaoling District, Wuyang county and Linying county. The Municipal People's government is located in Yancheng district.

geographical environment

Location context

Luohe City is located in the south of the central part of Henan Province. Its geographical coordinates are 113 ° 27 ′ e-114 ° 16 ′ N and 33 ° 24 ′ n-33 ° 59 ′ n. It is 76 kilometers long from east to west and 64 kilometers wide from north to south, covering a total area of 2617 square kilometers. It is 140 kilometers away from Zhengzhou, the provincial capital, and 30 kilometers away from Linying County in the north; it is connected with Yancheng County in the West; and it is 45 kilometers away from Wuyang County in the southwest.

topographic features

Luohe City is located in the southwest edge of North China Plain, with Funiu Mountain in the West and plain in the East. The Cenozoic strata more than 1000 meters thick are deposited in the city, forming a relatively flat plain landscape. Due to the rise of the western mountains, the total terrain of the city is high in the West and low in the East. The absolute elevation of jiejiadian in the west is more than 100 meters, that of Luohe in the East is about 57 meters, and that of Wanggang and Sanjiadian in lin'e county is the lowest, about 53 meters. The slope is between 1 ‰ and 4 ‰. Luohe City, located between wuyanggang and zhaolinggang, is a part of the alluvial plain of saruhe river. The terrain is flat, and the absolute elevation of the ground is between 56-59m. The city is divided into two geomorphic types: denudation residual hillock and alluvial plain. Denudation residual hillock is distributed in Chengang in the southwest of the city, xiaocunpu in the northeast and the west side of zhaolinggang in the northeast. It is the edge of zhaolinggang and wuyanggang. The ground elevation is above 60 meters. Among them, Chengang and xiaocunpu cangang are cut by Tangjiang River, forming two long strip-shaped hills in north-south direction, which are 2-3 meters higher than the alluvial plain in the East. The eroded residual hillock is composed of late Pleistocene loess like sandy loam; the alluvial plain is flat with a ground elevation of 58-59m in the center of the city, which gradually reduces to 56-57m to the north and south sides, becoming the watershed of the north and South Ruhe River system.

geology

Luohe City is located between wuyanggang and zhaolinggang aeolian hillock, all of which are the flood alluvium of Lihe River and Ruhe River diversion. In addition to the late Pleistocene loess like sandy soil distributed in Chengang, xiaocunpu and the west of zhaolinggang in the southwest of the urban area, the other areas are Holocene alluvial strata and swamp facies strata. The depth of the Cenozoic floor in the urban area is 1500-2000 meters, and all the strata within 300 meters are Quaternary strata. After extending into Henan, the Qinling latitudinal structural belt is divided into three branches: North, middle and south. Luohe City and its Wuyang, Yancheng and Linying counties are located in its south branch, so the East-West structure is dominant, followed by the north-west and North-South structures. As the North China Basin has been in a declining stage for a long time since the Cenozoic, its structural features are all covered by the Cenozoic strata, showing a concealed structure.

climate

Luohe is located in the southern edge of the warm temperate zone, which belongs to the warm transitional monsoon climate. In a year, it alternates cold and hot with four distinct seasons. The climate is characterized by "cold winter, less rain and snow, hot summer, concentrated rain, cool autumn, long sunshine, drought and strong wind in spring". The annual average temperature of the city is 14.6 ℃. It is the hottest in July, with an annual average of 27.4-27.7 ℃. January is the coldest, with an average of 0.5-0.7 ℃. The extreme maximum temperature was 43.2 ℃ (Linying, July 19, 1966), and the extreme minimum temperature was - 16 ℃ (Wuyang, February 2, 1969). With July as the boundary, the temperature in the previous months increased month by month, and then decreased month by month. The average annual precipitation of the whole city is moderate, but the interannual variation of precipitation is large, and the spatial and temporal distribution is uneven. Generally, there is less precipitation in winter and spring, more precipitation in summer and autumn, and the rainfall is mainly concentrated in July and August.

natural resources

mineral resources

The salt mines in Luohe City are mainly distributed in Mengzhai and Jiangdian townships in Wuyang County, with an estimated area of 80 square kilometers and reserves of about 40 billion tons. Especially along the Li River, the shallowest salt deposit is about 900 meters, and the thickness of salt layer is 120 meters. River sand is mainly produced in Shahe River and Lihe River, with pure sand quality, uniform size and reasonable gradation. The annual mining volume is more than 2 million cubic meters.

plant resources

There are 4 families, 13 genera and 18 species of grain crops in Luohe City. It is mainly composed of wheat and corn, followed by rice, barley, sweet potato, millet, sorghum and soybean, as well as pea, mung bean, lentil and qiaomai. There are 11 families, 15 genera and 16 species of economic crops, mainly including tobacco, sesame, rape, peanut, hemp, cotton, asparagus, etc., and about 16 families and 40 species of vegetables. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 40 families, 36 genera and 122 species of fruit resources in the city, including 56 species of trees in 19 families, 36 genera, and the main tree species are Paulownia, Populus tomentosa, willow, elm, Sophora japonica, Toona sinensis, neem, pine, etc. The main shrubs are Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Vitex negundo, Ziziphus jujube, Fraxinus alba, Amorpha fruticosa, Salix chinensis, etc. There are 22 species in 16 genera of 9 families. There are mainly apple, pear, peach, apricot, persimmon, grape, pomegranate, cherry, hawthorn, etc.; there are more than 130 species of flowers in 60 families; woody flowers are mainly plum, rose, Chimonanthus praecox, Begonia, rose, Fusang, gardenia, citrus, bergamot, peony, Milan, etc., with 76 species in 32 families; common grass flowers are chrysanthemum, orchid, peony, Clivia, zhudinghong, wanxiangyu, asparagus There are 54 species in 28 families, such as Salvia splendens, Canna Canna and Xianren.

Animal resources

Luohe city domestic animals are horses, cattle, donkeys, mules, pigs, sheep, dogs; chickens, ducks, geese, cats, rabbits, bees, minks, etc.; wild animals are rabbits, raccoon dogs, bobcats, weasels, badgers, hedgehogs, bats, etc.; wild birds are quail, wild geese, Mandarin ducks, osprey, owl, woodpecker, swallow, sparrow, cuckoo, magpie, etc., most of them are beneficial birds; fish resources are artificially raised It is mainly colonization. There are carp, crucian carp, grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, round fish, blunt snout bream, etc.

water resource

Luohe City is rich in water resources. The average annual natural runoff of surface water is 370 million cubic meters, the runoff of Shahe River and Lihe River is 2.7 billion cubic meters, the average annual total recharge of shallow groundwater is 520 million cubic meters, the exploitable amount is 370 million cubic meters, and the water inflow of single well is more than 60 tons per hour. The daily production of middle and deep groundwater can reach 25000 tons.

population

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Sheng Luo He Shi