Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province

Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, the capital of which is located in Xingyi City, is one of the nine prefecture level administrative regions in Guizhou, located in the junction of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou. Southwest of Guizhou Province. The upper reaches of the Pearl River. The southeast end of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. Longitude 104 ° 35 ′～ 106 ° 32 ′, latitude 24 ° 38 ′～ 26 ° 11 ′. The Autonomous Prefecture covers an area of 16804 square kilometers. There are 35 ethnic groups including Buyi, Miao, Hui and Han. By 2019, Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture has jurisdiction over 2 cities, 6 counties and 1 New District (Yilong New District).

On September 21, 1981, Xingyi Prefecture was abolished and Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture was established. On May 1, 1982, the people's Government of Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture was formally established.

Gold in Qianxinan Prefecture is widely distributed, with large reserves and high quality. In 2005, it was named "China Golden State" by China Gold Association

Qianxinan prefecture has beautiful mountains and rivers, pleasant climate and profound cultural heritage. During the reign of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, the famous Bishan Academy was founded. Xingyi, the capital of the prefecture, is a place of outstanding people, with a large number of figures such as Zhang Zhidong, Wang Boqun, Wang Wenhua, he Yingqin and Liu Xianshi emerging.

In 2020, the GDP of Qianxinan Prefecture will reach 135.34 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.7%. Qianxinan Prefecture ranks the fourth in the province in the comprehensive evaluation of economic development of nine cities (prefectures) in Guizhou Province. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city of double support.

Evolution of organizational system

Yin is the ghost country.

From the spring and Autumn period, the Warring States period to the Qin, Han and Jin Dynasties, there were Yelang state, Jue County, Yelang County, Yelang county and Xinggu county.

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, it was Donglong and wuman.

In Tang, song and Yuan Dynasties, they were Xiping Prefecture, panzhou, yuyabu, Luodian state, Sicheng Prefecture, Pu'an Road, Pu'an Prefecture and Anlong Prefecture.

In Ming Dynasty, it was pu'anwei, pu'anfu, Sicheng Prefecture, pu'anting, pu'ansi, pu'anzhou, Annam Institute and Anlong Institute.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Yongli court of the Southern Ming Dynasty transferred Anlong, which belonged to Yunnan Province.

In the Qing Dynasty, they were pu'anwei, Pu'an Prefecture, Pu'an County, Annan Wei, Annan Suo, anlongsuo, anlongfu, nanlongting, nanlongfu, Annan county and Yongfeng Prefecture.

In the second year of Jiaqing (1797), Nanlong Prefecture was changed to Xingyi Prefecture, and its administrative office was located in today's Anlong county;

In 1798, Xingyi county was established. Xingyi Prefecture governs Zhenfeng prefecture (now Zhenfeng county and a part of Wangmo), Ceheng prefecture (now Ceheng county), Pu'an County (now Pu'an County), Xincheng County (now Xingren county), Annan county (now Qinglong County), Xingyi county (now Xingyi City) and Pang town (now Xingyi Pang town);

In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), Xingyi Prefecture was abolished, and the territory was attached to Guixi road.

In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), Guixi road was abolished, and each county was directly under the Guizhou provincial government.

In 1935, Guizhou was divided into 11 administrative supervision districts. Today, Southwest Guizhou is the third administrative supervision district. The KMT Xingren special office is located in Xingren County, which has jurisdiction over eight counties, namely Xingren, Xingyi, Pan County, Anlong, Zhenfeng, Annan (now Qinglong), Guanling, Pu'an and Ceheng.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, in 1950, Xingren special office was set up, with jurisdiction over 10 counties including Xingren, Xingyi, Pu'an, Qinglong, Guanling, Pan County, Anlong, Zhenfeng, Ceheng and Wangmo, and the special office is located in Xingren county.

On December 4, 1952, according to the official reply of the Government Affairs Council of the Central People's government, Xingren special office was changed into Xingyi special district, and the special office was moved to Xingyi county. In the same year, Xingren prefectural committee was changed into Xingyi prefectural committee of the Communist Party of China. Xingyi prefectural committee of the Communist Party of China has jurisdiction over 10 county committees of Xingyi, Xingren, Pan County, Pu'an, Qinglong, Anlong, Zhenfeng, Guanling, Ceheng and Wangmo.

In 1956, four counties, including Anlong, Ceheng, Wangmo and Zhenfeng, were included in Qiannan Prefecture. On July 18, 1956, Xingyi special office was cancelled, and six counties, including Xingyi, Xingren, Panxian, Pu'an, Guanling and Qinglong, were included in Anshun special office. On January 13, 1965, with the approval of the Central People's government, Zhenfeng, Wangmo, Anlong and Ceheng counties were abolished and Zhenfeng, Wangmo, Anlong and Ceheng Buyi and Miao Autonomous counties were established respectively.

In 1965, with the approval of the Central People's government, the Xingyi special region was restored and the special office was stationed in Xingyi county. The five counties of Xingyi County, Xingren County, Pan County, Pu'an County and Qinglong County of Anshun special region and the four counties of Wangmo, Ceheng, Anlong and Zhenfeng of Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture were included in the Xingyi special region.

In November 1965, Panxian special zone was set up. Xingyi special zone has jurisdiction over 8 counties and 1 special zone.

In 1970, Xingyi district was renamed as Xingyi district. On January 1, 1971, Pan county was changed into a special zone and included in Liupanshui District.

On September 21, 1981, with the approval of the State Council, Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture was established. In the same year, Zhenfeng, Wangmo, Anlong and Ceheng autonomous counties were abolished, and Zhenfeng, Wangmo, Anlong and Ceheng counties were established.

On May 1, 1982, the people's Government of Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture was officially established, and the people's Government of Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture was stationed in Xingyi county.

On November 6, 1987, with the approval of the State Council, Xingyi county was abolished and Xingyi City was established. The people's Government of the Autonomous Prefecture was stationed in Xingyi City.

In August 2018, with the approval of the State Council, Xingren county was abolished and Xingren city at the county level was established.

administrative division

Qianxinan Prefecture governs 8 county-level administrative divisions (county-level city 2, county 6) and 141 township level administrative divisions (street 43, town 83, township 15). It covers an area of 16805 square kilometers and has a population of 3.49 million. The people's Government of Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is located at No.16 Shajing street, Xingyi City.

geographical environment

Location context

Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is located in the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces, Southwest Guizhou Province and Southeast Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. It spans 104 ° 35 ′ - 106 ° 32 ′, 24 ° 38 ′ - 26 ° 11 ′, 210 km long from east to west and 177 km wide from north to south. It borders Luodian County of Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in the East, Longlin County, Tianlin county and Leye County of Guangxi across the river in the south, Fuyuan County, Luoping County of Yunnan Province and panzhou city of Liupanshui City in the West.

Geology and geomorphology

Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is a typical mountainous area with low latitude and high altitude, which belongs to the north and South Panjiang River Basin of Pearl River system. The whole terrain is high in the West and low in the East, high in the north and low in the south. The highest point is at the peak of Qishe and pengzha plateaus in Xingyi City, with an altitude of 2207.2 meters; the lowest point is at daluohekou by the Hongshui River in Wangmo County, with an altitude of 275 meters and an altitude difference of 1932.2 meters, with an altitude mostly between 1000 and 2000 meters. There are five different geomorphic areas in the state, namely, low mountain erosion mountain valley area; Karst Plateau trough dam area; karst erosion plateau area; karst erosion mountain area; erosion mountain valley area.

climate

The climate of Southwest Guizhou Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate zone. The annual average temperature is 13.8-19.4 ℃, the average temperature in January is 7.1 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 8.9 ℃ (appeared in Anlong on February 14, 1968); the average temperature in July is 23 ℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 40.2 ℃ (appeared in Ceheng on April 11, 2006).

The annual average frost free period in Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is 317 days, the longest is 365 days, and the shortest is 219 days. The annual average sunshine hours are 1589.1 hours. The average annual precipitation is 1352.8 mm. The average annual rainfall days are 189 days, up to 216 days (1981) and at least 137 days (2009). The extreme annual maximum rainfall was 2047.8 mm (Qinglong County in 1965), and the extreme annual minimum rainfall was 737.1 mm (Xingren County in 1989). The rainfall is concentrated from May to September, with the most in June. Abundant heat, abundant rainfall, rainy and hot season, long frost free period, warm and humid all year round.

hydrology

The rivers in Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture belong to the Pearl River Basin. There are 102 rivers with a length of more than 10 kilometers and a drainage area of more than 20 square kilometers. Nanpan River, Beipan River and Hongshui River are the three largest rivers in the prefecture.

Nanpanjiang River originates from the south slope of Ma Xiong mountain in Zhanyi, Yunnan Province. It flows from the eight river townships of Zhanyi, Luliang and Luoping to the Sanjiangkou of Xingyi. It flows along the southern boundary of Xingyi, Anlong and Ceheng, and then to the Shuangjiangkou of Ceheng and Beipanjiang river. It flows 264 km in the prefecture. The annual runoff is generally between 26.2-15.1 billion cubic meters, and the average annual runoff is 19.49 billion cubic meters It covers an area of 6522.6 square kilometers, accounting for 38.83% of the area of Southwest Guizhou Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture;

Beipan River originates from the north slope of Maxiong Shanxi in Zhanyi, Yunnan Province. It flows from Xuanwei, Guizhou Shuicheng, to longyinyakou in Pu'an. Along the northern boundary of the state, it flows through Pu'an, Qinglong, Xingren, Zhenfeng, Wangmo, Ceheng, to Shuangjiangkou in Ceheng, and joins with Nanpan River. It flows 237 kilometers in the state boundary and 94 kilometers in the state. The total drainage area is 8758.42 square kilometers, accounting for the area of Southwest Guizhou The area of Yi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is 52.15%;

After the confluence of Nanpan River and Beipan River at the Shuangjiang estuary of Ceheng, it is the boundary river of Wangmo and Guangxi, which is called Hongshui River. It flows from west to east along the southern edge of Wangmo County, through Zhexiang, Bazhong, Duyi to Sanglang river mouth, with a flow length of 44 km, an annual runoff of 52.3-24.9 billion cubic meters, and a drainage area of 1515 square kilometers.

Among the tributaries of the three major rivers, there are 39 primary tributaries with a length of 1504.4 km, 55 secondary tributaries with a length of 1097 km, and 12 tertiary tributaries with a length of 188.1 km.

Chinese PinYin : Gui Zhou Sheng Qian Xi Nan Bu Yi Zu Miao Zu Zi Zhi Zhou