Tonghua City, Jilin Province

Tonghua Tonghua city is a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Jilin Province. It is located in the south of Jilin Province, adjacent to Baishan City in the East, Benxi, Fushun, Dandong and other cities in Liaoning Province in the west, cijiang road of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea across the Yalu River in the south, Liaoyuan city and Jilin City in the north, Dongchang District and Erdaojiang District, Tonghua County, Liuhe County and Huinan County in the west, and Ji'an city is under its jurisdiction And Meihekou city; more than two-thirds of the area is mountainous area, belonging to the Changbai Mountain system, belonging to the temperate humid climate zone, with a total population of 2.1474 million in 2019.

Tonghua has a long history and profound cultural heritage. It is the birthplace of Koguryo culture and Shaman culture. Koguryo established its capital in Ji'an for 425 years. Koguryo's Royal City, royal tombs and noble tombs are the only world cultural heritage in Northeast China that has been declared successfully independently. It is located in the center of Northeast Asian economic circle and the core area of Yalu River international economic cooperation zone. There are WuNvFeng, Shihu and Jiji in the territory There are 6 national forest parks such as Guanshan, 4 national nature reserves such as Longwan and Hani, and 3 national wetland parks such as bawangchao and jukuihe.

In 2019, Tonghua's GDP will reach 72.58 billion yuan, an increase of 4.3% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry is 7.52 billion yuan, the added value of the secondary industry is 23.23 billion yuan, the added value of the tertiary industry is 41.83 billion yuan, and the per capita GDP is 33702 yuan.

Historical evolution

In ancient times (about 20000-40000 years ago), human beings existed in Tonghua. In the Paleolithic cave site of Da'an Town, Tonghua County, a large number of paleontological fossils, bone artifacts, such as pointed utensils, scrapers, and human fire relics have been found, which prove that this site is the site of human living in the Paleolithic age.

Neolithic Age (about 5-6 thousand years ago) as early as more than 6000 years ago, there were Neolithic ancient humans on both sides of Hunjiang River in Tonghua City, who were fishing, hunting, farming and breeding. With the development of history, after a long period of interaction, the ancient people in Tonghua gradually formed the place where the three major language groups of Huaxia, Sushen and Zhuo lived.

Night in mountain city

At the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Tonghua became the southern boundary of Sushen. During the reign of xuanwang, he granted Han marquis in the northern territory of Sushen, Yan and Haowu, and led the local people. Tonghua became the territory of Han Hou. After the loss of the Han Marquis, it was merged into the "Jizi Korea" ruled by Jizi, the royal family of the Shang Dynasty. Jizi Marquis was canonized by the Zhou Dynasty and became the territory of the Zhou Dynasty.

In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770-256 BC), Tonghua was a territory of Liaodong County in the state of Yan. It is located in Erdaojiang district. It is an ancient city site of huashuhekou with an area of about 50000 square meters, including cliffs in the north, Hunjiang River in the lower, huashuhe ferry in the East, huashuhe River in the South and Longshan mountains in the West. According to the archaeological experts, according to the unearthed cultural relics, it is a building from the Warring States period to the Han Dynasty. The bronze culture represented by the wangba neck site reflects the cultural features of Tonghua in this period.

At the beginning of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC), Tonghua belonged to Liaodong county. After the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty, yanrenweiman fled to the west of Changbai Mountain, collected the refugees from the states of Yan, Qi and Zhao, and established "Wei's Korea". Tonghua was under its jurisdiction.

In the third year of Yuanfeng (108 BC), Emperor Wudi set up xuantu County in Eastern Liaoning Province, which unified the three counties of Koguryo, shangyintai and xigaima. Tonghua was the xuantu County of Youzhou governor's department and the upper Yintai county. The ancient ruins of Jiangbei mountain city in Tonghua City and chibansong ancient city in Tonghua County are important historical relics of this period.

In the second year of emperor Jianzhao (37bc), zhumeng (zoumu), a nobleman of Fuyu, led his troops to capture Gaogouli County in xuantu County, and the name of the country was Gaogouli. In the early days, the capital was heshenggu city (now Huanren wunvshan city in Liaoning Province). In the first three years (3 years), the capital was moved to China and the city of Wei Na rock was built. Hunjiang River Basin is the core birthplace of Koguryo nationality and its early culture.

In the 32nd year of Emperor Guangwu's founding in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Koguryo sent envoys to offer their services to xuantu Prefecture, which was the Han Dynasty's Prefecture and was controlled by Tonghua. In 189, gongsunkang, the governor of Liaodong, became the Marquis of Liaodong and led Liaodong and xuantu. In the 14th year of Emperor Xian's Jian'an (209), Gongsun Kang attacked Koguryo, broke its city, and Tonghua was controlled by Gongsun's regime.

In the period of the Three Kingdoms, Emperor Wen of the Wei Dynasty (220), Gongsun Kangchen served in the Wei Dynasty. He lived for about 50 years and Tonghua became his jurisdiction. In 238, Sima Yi led his troops to kill Gongsun yuan, and Tonghua entered the territory of Wei. In 244, the fifth year of the Zhengshi reign of the king of Wei and Qi, because of several riots in Koguryo, Qiu Jian, the governor of Youzhou, led ten thousand soldiers to fight. The battle was fought in Liangkou (now Jiangkou Village, Tonghua County). Muqiu was trapped in Marudu mountain city and carved with stone tablets as a memento. Now the stele is kept in Liaoning Provincial Museum, since then Tonghua was under the jurisdiction of the restoration of Wei Dynasty.

In 274, the tenth year of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, Pingzhou was established, and Liaodong, xuantu and Daifang counties were under the jurisdiction of Pingzhou. Tonghua was still xuantu county.

After the Yongjia rebellion, the local regimes of ethnic minorities in the North appeared one after another. Tonghua was once the region of the former Yan and the latter Yan. Luotong mountain city is located in Liuhe County. According to archaeological experts and unearthed cultural relics, it was built in this period. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, gaogoulichen belonged to the Central Plains dynasties. A number of cultural relics unearthed from tomb 3319 in Yushan tomb area of Ji'an are examples of this period.

In 425, the capital of Koguryo moved to Pyongyang. At this time, the Sushen people living in the northern part of Changbai Mountain gradually became strong and established Wuji state. The northern part of Tonghua is Wuji and the southern part is Koguryo. In the Sui Dynasty, the subordinate relationship of Tonghua remained unchanged.

In the 18th year of Zhenguan (644), Emperor Taizong ordered the world to attack Koguryo on the grounds of fighting against rebellion, saving the Han people, restoring the old Frontier and preventing future worries. In 668 ad, in the first year of Zongzhang, the Koguryo regime was destroyed. In the Tang Dynasty, Andong Prefecture was set up in Liaodong and old Gaogouli, and Tonghua was under the jurisdiction of Andong Prefecture in Hebei Province. In the second year of Guangtian (713), dazorong was granted the title of Bohai Jun Wang in the Tang Dynasty, and since then it was renamed Bohai State. Tonghua belongs to the Zhengzhou of Yalu Prefecture in the west of Bohai State, and the Zhengzhou government is located in Tonghua city.

In the first year of Tianxian (926), Khitan destroyed the Bohai Sea and renamed Dongdan state.

In 1017, Tonghua was under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou, Liaoyang Prefecture, Tokyo road.

In the Jin Dynasty, the Taizu of Jin Dynasty destroyed Liao Dynasty, and Tonghua was under the jurisdiction of lubasufu, the capital of Tokyo.

In the third year of Jin Tianxing (1234), the Mongolian army fell into Jin, and the whole northeast was under its jurisdiction. Tonghua belongs to Shenyang road.

In 1261, Tonghua, the second year of the central unification of the Yuan Dynasty, was set up in the east of Liaoning Province to manage the wanhufu of Gaoli, Nuzhen and Han army. A thousand seals of Zuowei a Suqin army of the Yuan Dynasty were unearthed in daduling Town, Tonghua County. In the 24th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1287), Liaoyang province was set up, and Tonghua belonged to the bosuo mansion on Liaoyang Road, Liaoyang province.

In the seventh year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1409), nuergandu division was added, and there were guards and stations under it. At this time, Nvzhen continued to be apprentices in the south, and Tonghua became the main residential area of Nvzhen. Tonghua belonged to the Jianzhou Wei of nuergandu division. In the 44th year of Wanli (1616), Nuerhachi, the governor of Weidu, established the Jin (later Jin) regime, with hetuala (now the old city of Xinbin County in Liaoning Province) as its capital, and Tonghua area as an important base before the Qing Dynasty entered the pass.

In 1646, the capital of the Qing Dynasty was Beijing. Around the northeast, generals of Shengjing, Jilin and Heilongjiang were set up to command the officers and soldiers and guard the border. Shunzhi 14 years (1657), set fengtianfu, Tonghua for fengtianfu jurisdiction. Guangxu three years (1877) Tonghua city governance, known as "Tonghua.". In 1908, Linjiang County, Changbai County, Ji'an County and Liuhe County were established.

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), it was assigned to Fengtian Dongbian road. In 1931, it was the capital of Tonghua province. In 1937, it belonged to Tonghua province. In 1942, Tonghua street in Tonghua County was set up as Tonghua City, belonging to Tonghua province. In 1945, it was the capital of Manchuria. In 1948, the city and county were divided, belonging to Anton province.

In 1949, it belonged to Liaodong province.

In 1954, Tonghua district was set up, with a special office in Tonghua city. Tonghua (in Tonghua City), Liuhe, Hailong, Huinan (in Chaoyang town), Jingyu, Fusong, Changbai, Linjiang, Ji'an and other nine counties of Liaodong province were included in Tonghua district.

In 1956, Dongfeng County, formerly directly under the provincial government, was assigned to Tonghua district. It has jurisdiction over 10 counties. In 1958, Tonghua City, formerly under the direct control of the province, was under the leadership of Tonghua special administration. Dongfeng County will be divided into Siping district. Changbai County was abolished and Changbai Korean Autonomous County was established. Hailong County moved to Meihekou town. Tonghua has jurisdiction over one city, eight counties and one Autonomous County.

In 1960, Tonghua County was abolished and merged into Tonghua City; Linjiang county was abolished and Hunjiang city (located in Badaojiang town) was established. Tonghua has jurisdiction over 2 cities, 6 counties and 1 Autonomous County.

In 1962, Tonghua County (in Tonghua City) was restored. Tonghua has jurisdiction over 2 cities, 7 counties and 1 Autonomous County.

In 1965, Ji'an County was renamed Ji'an County (in Ji'an town).

In 1970, Tonghua district was renamed Tonghua District, which was located in Tonghua city. It has jurisdiction over Tonghua, Hunjiang (in Badaojiang town), Tonghua (in Tonghua City), Fusong, Liuhe, Hailong (in Meihekou town), Huinan (in Chaoyang town), Ji'an, Jingyu and Changbai Korean Autonomous County.

In 1971, Tonghua County moved to kuaidamao town. Tonghua Prefecture governs 2 cities, 7 counties and 1 Autonomous County.

In 1985, Tonghua district was abolished and the system of city governing county was implemented. Tonghua city was upgraded to prefecture level city, and Tonghua and Ji'an counties in Tonghua area were put under the jurisdiction of Tonghua city. Hunjiang City upgraded to prefecture level city

Chinese PinYin : Ji Lin Sheng Tong Hua Shi