Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province

Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, formerly known as Hezhou, is an Autonomous Prefecture under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province, one of the two Hui autonomous prefectures in China and one of the two national autonomous prefectures in Gansu Province. It was founded in November 1956. As of 2020, 1 cities and 7 counties were administered, with a total area of 8169 square kilometers, registered residence population of 2 million 422 thousand, permanent residents of 2 million 71 thousand and 400, and 767 thousand and 300 urban population. There are 42 ethnic groups such as Hui, Han, Dongxiang, Bao'an and Salar in the prefecture. Dongxiang and Bao'an ethnic groups are the unique ethnic groups in Gansu Province with Linxia as the main settlement area.

Linxia is located in Western China, southwest of central Gansu Province, and the upper reaches of the Yellow River. It is the hub of the South Road of the ancient Silk Road, the important town of the Tang and fan ancient road, and the center of tea horse exchange. It is also the place where Princess Wencheng went to Tibet. It is known as the "dry dock in the west", "Wenzhou in the East, Hezhou in the west". Linxia is close to Lanzhou and adjacent to Tibetan areas. It is an important economic channel for the mainland to connect Tibetan areas. In 2019, there are more than 300000 Linxia people working in Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan and other Tibetan areas. Linxia has become the main undertaker of trade between Tibetan areas and the mainland and plays an irreplaceable role.

Linxia is one of the important origins of Chinese civilization. It was inhabited by ancestors more than 5000 years ago. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, it has set up counties, prefectures, and counties. It was called Wuhan in ancient times, and later renamed Hezhou. It is one of the areas with the most concentrated Neolithic culture and archaeological excavation in China. Majiayao culture, Banshan culture, Qijia culture and other cultural sites are scattered all over the world. Because the "king of painted pottery" collected by the National Museum was unearthed in Linxia, it is known as the "hometown of Chinese painted pottery". There are world cultural heritage Bingling Temple grottoes, world intangible cultural heritage folk song "Hua'er", known as the "hometown of Chinese Hua'er".

Historical evolution

Linxia state, the spring and Autumn period, is the place of Qiang and Rong; the late Warring States period is the city of ancient Yongzhou.

In the Qin Dynasty, it was a Marquis of hanqiang at the beginning, followed by Wuhan county.

In the early Western Han Dynasty, there were Daxia County, Wuhan county and Baishi County, which belonged to Longxi County; in the sixth year of Shiyuan (81 BC), Emperor Zhao set up Jincheng County, which belonged to Wuhan county and Baishi County; in the second year of shenjue (60 BC), heguan County was set up in the south of the Yellow River in jishiguan, which belonged to Jincheng County; in the twelfth year of Jianwu (36 BC), Jincheng County entered Longxi, which belonged to Wuhan County, Daxia County, Baishi county and heguan County; Zhongping county In the first year (184), the Song Dynasty established a separate regime and set up a hundred officials, named "heshouping king of Han Dynasty"; in the 19th year (214) of Emperor Xian's Jian'an, Cao Cao sent XiaHouYuan to attack and level the city.

During the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to the state of Wei. At the beginning, it was under the jurisdiction of Longxi County of Qinzhou, and then it was divided into Liangzhou. Qianhan and Daxia belonged to Longxi County of Yongzhou, and Jincheng County of Liangzhou belonged to the north of the Yellow River and the lower reaches of Huangshui.

In the early Western Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Longxi County of Qinzhou; in the middle Yongning period, it was divided into Xiping County and Jinxing county (now Minhe County of Qinghai Province).

In the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Hezhou was set up in 344, the 21st year of Taiyuan reign of Zhang Jun in the former Liang Dynasty, which was divided into six counties in the east of Liangzhou. It was the beginning of the establishment of a state level system in the present state. Hezhou was set up in 371, the 7th year of Jianyuan reign of Fujian in the former Qin Dynasty, to govern liuhan. Beihezhou was set up in 389, the 2nd year of qifuqian's return to Taichu in the Western Qin Dynasty, to govern liuhan. In 400, Yao Xing attacked the Western Qin Dynasty to take liuhan, and Hezhou was also set up in liuhan In the first year of Yongkang in Qifu CHIPAN (412), the Western Qin Dynasty moved to tanjiao and later to liuhan; in the fourth year of Yonghong in the end of Qifu (431), the land was destroyed by Xia helianding and then entered Tuyuhun; in the sixth year of Taiping Zhenjun in the Northern Wei Dynasty (445), the town was changed to liuhan; in the sixteenth year of Taihe (492), the town was changed to Wuhan In the fourth year of Baoding (564), Emperor Wu of Zhou set up the general manager's office in Hezhou, and in the fifth year of Baoding (565), he moved the general manager's office to Taozhou, and soon managed Hezhou.

In the Sui Dynasty, Wuhan county was set up at the beginning; in the third year of kaihuang (583), it was changed into Hezhou; in the second year of Daye (606), it was merged into prefectures and counties, and then it was changed into counties; in the end of the Sui Dynasty, it was founded by Xue Ju, the commander of Jincheng school.

In the Tang Dynasty, the first year of Wude (618) was changed to Hezhou, which belongs to longyoudao; the second year of Kaiyuan (714) was under the jurisdiction of the Jiedushi of Shanzhou; the first year of Tianbao (742) was changed to Anxiang County; the first year of Qianyuan (758) was changed to Hezhou; the first year of Baoying (762) was a Tubo territory, which is still called Hezhou.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of hesiluo regime at the beginning of Hehuang period; in 1072, Xihe road was set up; in 1073, wangshao took Hezhou, which was the administration and pacification Department of Xihe road.

In the Jin Dynasty, Hezhou was established in the ninth year of Tianhui (1131); in the second year of Huangtong (1142), it belonged to the general manager's office of Xiqin road; in the 27th year of Dading (1187), it was changed to Lintao road and still belonged to it.

In the Yuan Dynasty, in 1227, Genghis Khan belonged to gongchang Road, xingzhongshu Province, Shaanxi Province; in 1253, he set up the Marshal's office of xuanweishi in Tubo and other places, which was under the jurisdiction of xuanzhengyuan; in 1269, Kublai Khan changed it to Hezhou Road, which was under the jurisdiction of xuanweishi in Tubo and other places.

In the Ming Dynasty, in the fourth year of Hongwu (1371), Hezhou Wei was set up, which was under the jurisdiction of Xi'an Xingdu Wei, the capital of Shaanxi Province; in the sixth year of Hongwu (1373), Hezhou Wei was set up, which was under the jurisdiction of Zhongshu province; in the seventh year of Hongwu (1374), Xi'an Xingdu Wei was transferred to Hezhou, which was still under the jurisdiction of Hezhou Wei, duoganwei and wuszangwei (now Tibet and southwest Sichuan); in the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), Xi'an Xingdu Wei was abolished, After the restoration, it was transferred to Ganzhou (now Zhangye); in the 10th year of Hongwu (1377), it was changed to military and civilian commanding department, which governed Hezhou City and governed military and civilian affairs; in December of the 9th year of Chenghua (1473), it was restored to Hezhou, which belonged to Lintao Prefecture; the military and civilian commanding Department of Hezhou was changed to Hezhou Wei, which was subordinate to the commanding Department of Shaanxi capital.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Zhou and Wei coexisted. Zhou belonged to Gansu Province, and Wei belonged to the commanding Department of Shaanxi capital; in the third year of Kangxi (1664), Zhou belonged to Lintao Prefecture, the right governor of Shaanxi Province; in the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), Hezhou Wei was abolished; in the 27th year of Qianlong (1762), Lintao Prefecture was moved to Lanzhou, so it was named Lanzhou Prefecture and Hezhou belonged to it.

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the government and prefecture system was abolished and changed to Daohe County, which belongs to Lanshan District of Gansu Province; in the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), the system was changed to Lanshan district; in the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), it was renamed Linxia County; in the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), the office of Linxia administrative inspector was set up to govern Linxia county (now Linxia city); in the 25th year of the Republic of China (1936), it was changed to ganxia county In 1937, Linxia garrison headquarters was abolished and renamed as the Fifth District administrative inspector and security headquarters.

Linxia was liberated on August 22, 1949. In the same year, Linxia district was set up, and the special office was located in Linxia County, with jurisdiction over 8 counties, including Linxia (in hanjiaji), Hezheng, Xiahe, Ningding, Yongjing (in Lianhua city), Kangle (in Xinji), Taosha and Lintao.

In 1950, Linxia city was set up in the urban area of Linxia county with a special office in Linxia city; Taosha county was abolished and merged into Lintao County, and Lintao county was assigned to Dingxi special district; Dongxiang autonomous region was set up in some areas of Linxia, Hezheng, Ningding and Yongjing counties (September 25) with a special office in suonanba; Lintan County, which was originally subordinate to Minxian special district, was assigned to Linxia special district. It has jurisdiction over one city, six counties and one autonomous region.

In 1952, Lintan County moved to the old city.

In 1953, Linxia city was changed into a provincial city; Ningding county was changed into Guangtong Hui Autonomous Region; Lintan county was put under Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture; Dongxiang autonomous region was changed into Dongxiang autonomous region. Linxia Prefecture governs 5 counties and 2 autonomous regions.

In 1955, Guangtong Hui Autonomous Region was transformed into Guangtong Hui Autonomous County, and Dongxiang autonomous region into Dongxiang Autonomous County. Linxia Prefecture governs 4 counties and 2 autonomous counties.

In 1956, Linxia special region was abolished and Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture was established. The people's Committee of the Autonomous Prefecture was stationed in Linxia city. Linxia city, Linxia, Hezheng, Yongjing and Kangle counties, Dongxiang Autonomous County and Guangtong Hui Autonomous County were included in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, and Guangtong Hui Autonomous County was changed into Guangtong county. It has jurisdiction over one city, five counties and one Autonomous County. On November 19, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture was established.

In 1957, Guangtong county was renamed Guanghe county.

In 1958, Yongjing and Linxia counties were abolished and merged into Linxia city; Guanghe and Kangle counties were abolished and merged into Hezheng County; one city, one county and one Autonomous County were under the jurisdiction of the prefecture.

In 1961, four counties, Linxia (in hanjiaji), Kangle, Yongjing (in lianhuacheng) and Guanghe (in taizisi), were restored; the prefecture governs one city, five counties and one Autonomous County.

In 1962, Yongjing County moved from Lianhua city to Xiaochuan.

In 1973, Linxia city was abolished and merged into Linxia county. Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture Government is located in Linxia county. Linxia county was moved to Chengguan by Han Jiaji. Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture governs Linxia, Yongjing (in Xiaochuan), Hezheng, Kangle, Guanghe (in taizisi) and Dongxiang Autonomous County (in suonanba).

In 1983, Linxia city (county level) was restored, with Chengguan town and four communes of Chengguan, Nanlong, Zheqiao and Wuhan as the administrative region of Linxia city. Linxia County People's government moved to hanjiaji.

administrative division

As of March 2013, Linxia Prefecture has one county-level city, five counties and two ethnic counties.

Linxia Prefecture People's government resident: Linxia City Hongyuan road.

geographical environment

Location context

Linxia Prefecture is located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, southwest of central Gansu Province. The geographical coordinates are between 103 ° 211 ′ E and 35 ° 601 ′ n. It faces Dingxi City in the East, Jishishan in the west, Qinghai Province in the East, Taizishan in the south, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the south, Huangshui in the north, and Lanzhou City in the north.

topographic features

Linxia is located in the Loess Plateau

Chinese PinYin : Gan Su Sheng Lin Xia Hui Zu Zi Zhi Zhou