Xiamen City, Fujian Province

Xiamen, also known as Ludao, is a vice provincial city in Fujian Province, a city under separate planning, a special economic zone in China approved by the State Council, and an important central city, port and scenic tourist city along the southeast coast. As of 2019, the city has 6 districts, covering a total area of 1700.61 square kilometers, with an area of 397.84 square kilometers, a permanent population of 4 million 290 thousand, a registered residence of 2 million 611 thousand people, and a permanent resident population of 2 million 210 thousand.

Xiamen, located in East China and the southeast of Fujian Province, is a national comprehensive reform pilot zone, a national logistics hub, a southeast international shipping center, a pilot Free Trade Zone, and a national marine economic development demonstration zone. It has become a cross-strait emerging industry and Modern Service Industry Cooperation Demonstration Zone, a cross-strait regional financial service center, and a cross-strait trade center. Xiamen is composed of inner Island (Xiamen Island), outlying island Gulangyu, Haicang peninsula on the West Bank, Jimei peninsula on the north bank, Xiang'an peninsula on the east bank, Dadeng Island, XiaoDeng Island, inland Tong'an island and Jiulongjiang River, with a land area of 1699.39 square kilometers and a sea area of more than 390 square kilometers. Xiamen dialect is popular in Southern Fujian. It is a part of Southern Fujian with Zhangzhou and Quanzhou.

As of 2018, Xiamen's comprehensive credit index ranked second in 36 provincial capitals and sub provincial cities, business environment ranked first in sub provincial cities, foreign trade competitiveness ranked fifth in China, and container throughput of Xiamen Port ranked 14th in the world. In 2018, the national health city (District) was reconfirmed.

On January 22, 2020, Xiamen was named as the national ecological garden city by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, and was awarded the "national model city of double support" by the office of the national leading group for double support.

In June 2020, the Central Committee for the rule of law was selected as the first batch of national government construction demonstration areas and projects.

In ancient times, it was the habitat of egrets, so it is also called "Egret Island".

In the pre Qin period, Xiamen was the place of Baiyue. According to the records of Geography in Hanshu, the distribution of Baiyue was "from Jiaozhi to Kuaiji, where there were different castes".

In the Western Jin Dynasty, Tongan county was established in 282 (the third year of Taikang), which belonged to Jin'an county. It was soon abolished and merged into Nan'an county. It was not until more than 600 years later that the county system was established again: in 933 (the year of longqiyuan in the state of min), it was promoted to Tongan County, which belonged to Quanzhou again, and the Prefecture was located in Jinjiang county.

In the Tang Dynasty, in the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), datongchang was set up in the southwest of Nan'an county. In the second year of Tang Guangqi (886), Wang Chao conquered Quanzhou as the governor. In 947, min state was exterminated in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and Tongan was ruled by Wang Chao and min state, which lasted for 61 years. In the first year of Kaiping (909), Wang Shenzhi was the king of Fujian. He established the state of Fujian with Fuzhou as its capital and Datong Chang as its jurisdiction. In the seventh year of Baoda (949), the Southern Tang Dynasty promoted Quanzhou to Qingyuan Army (governing Quanzhou, Putian, Xiamen and Zhangzhou).

In the first year of Qiande (963), the Song Dynasty changed Qingyuan army into Pinghai Navy, with Chen Hongjin as the Jiedu envoy, and Tongan County belonged to Pinghai Navy. In 978, Chen Hongjin took over the territory of the Song Dynasty, and Tong'an county was brought into the territory of the Song Dynasty along with the Pinghai Navy. In the same year, song Fuping's navy was Quanzhou. Song belonged to the Navy and Quanzhou;

During the reign of song Chunyou, the "Sandu" area was designated as Fujian Road Zhangzhou Prefecture, xinenli, Yongning Township, Longxi County. Its jurisdiction included Haicang street, Xinyang street, Songyu street, Haicang farm and some areas in the south of Jimei District.

In the Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Tongan County, Quanzhou Road, and the "three capitals" belonged to Longxi County, Zhangzhou road.

In the Ming Dynasty, the Lidu system was implemented. Xiamen was jiaheli, with four capitals, each with two maps, belonging to Tongan County, Quanzhou Prefecture. The "three capitals" belonged to Haicheng County, Zhangzhou Prefecture, leading yongchangbao, jixingshangbanbao, jixingxiabanbao and chonglongbao.

In the 27th year of Hongwu (1394), two thousand households of yongningwei's center and left moved to jiaheyu and built Xiamen city. Since then, zhongzuo was taken as the synonym of Xiamen Island. In the ninth year of Yongli (1655), Zheng Chenggong changed zhongzuo to simingzhou, covering Xiamen Island, Gulangyu, Wuzhou (dajinmen), Lieyu (xiaojinmen) and other islands In the 15th year, Haicheng county was established as Longxi County, and the "three capitals" belonged to Haicheng county and Zhangzhou Prefecture.

In the Qing Dynasty, in 1680, the Qing army occupied Siming Prefecture.

In 1683, the commander of Fujian Navy moved to Xiamen. In the following year, Taiwan Xiamen bingbei Road (changed to Taiwan Road in 1727) was set up to manage the government affairs of Taiwan and Xiamen. In 1686, the coastal defense Tongzhi of Quanzhou Prefecture moved to Xiamen, and the "three capitals" area belonged to Haicheng County of Zhangzhou Prefecture.

In 1727, Yongzheng moved to Xiamen. In 1734, Yongdao was renamed Xingquan Yongdao, which governed Xinghua prefecture (today's Putian), Quanzhou Prefecture and Yongchun Prefecture. Haicheng County, which belonged to Sandu, belonged to tingzhang Longdao, which governed Tingzhou prefecture (today's Changting), Zhangzhou Prefecture and Longyan Prefecture. So far, Xiamen became the military, political and economic center of southeast coast of Fujian. After the Opium War, the Qing government was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing with Britain, and Xiamen became one of the five trading ports stipulated in the Treaty of Nanjing.

On September 11, 1843 (November 2, 1843), Xiamen officially opened as a port.

On October 22, 1902 (November 21, 1902), the Qing government officially approved the land Charter of Xiamen Gulangyu concession, and Gulangyu became the "International Concession".

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the name of Xingquan Yongdao was changed to nanludao, and its jurisdiction was changed to Jinmen county. The "Sandu" area belongs to Haicheng County of tingzhang road.

In 1914, it was renamed Xiamen Road, which was abolished in 1925. The "Sandu" area belongs to Haicheng County, tingzhang road.

In 1915, Kinmen County was set up in Jinmen and Dadeng.

In 1933, the people's revolutionary government of the people's Republic of China (Fujian people's Government) set up Xiamen special city to abolish it.

After the failure of the "Fujian transformation" in January 1934, Xiamen special municipal government, Xingquan province and Longting province were abolished, and Siming County, together with Tong'an county and Haicheng County, was directly under the jurisdiction of Fujian provincial government.

In 1934, Tongan and Siming counties belonged to the fifth administrative supervision district (stationed in Tongan), and Haicheng County belonged to the sixth administrative supervision district (stationed in Longxi).

In April 1935, Xiamen city was set up on seven islands, including Xiamen and Gulangyu. Siming county was abolished and Heshan special zone was set up. Siming county and Tong'an County belong to the fourth administrative supervision district (in Tong'an, which governs Quanzhou, Putian and Xiamen); Haicheng County, which belongs to the "three Capitals", belongs to the fifth administrative supervision district.

From May 1938 to September 1945, Xiamen city was occupied. In October, Xiamen city was restored, with four districts: the center (later changed to Siming), Kaiyuan, Gulangyu and Heshan. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the national government restored the organizational system of Xiamen municipal government, which was directly under the jurisdiction of Fujian provincial government.

In September 1949, Tong'an county and Xiamen City were liberated respectively. Tong'an county belongs to the fifth special district (changed to Quanzhou special district and Jinjiang special district in 1950), Haicheng county belongs to the sixth special district (changed to Zhangzhou special district and Longxi special district in 1950), and Xiamen is a city under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province.

In October 1950, five districts were set up in Xiamen, namely Kaiyuan, Siming, Gulangyu, Xiagang (later abandoned) and Heshan.

In 1953, Jimei town of Tong'an county was under the jurisdiction of Xiamen city.

In January 1958, he mountain area was removed and changed into a suburb.

In August 1958, Tongan county was assigned to Xiamen by Jinjiang District, and Haicang and Xinlong 2 townships of Haicheng county were assigned to Xiamen by Longxi district.

In August 1966, Kaiyuan District and Siming District were renamed Dongfeng district and Xiangyang District.

In February 1970, Tong'an county was designated as Jinjiang District.

In June 1973, Tongan County returned to Xiamen city.

In September 1978, Xinglin district was established.

On January 1, 1979, Xu Qianqian, Minister of the Ministry of national defense of the people's Republic of China, issued the "statement on stopping shelling big and small Kinmen islands", which officially ended the 21 year gunfire in Kinmen.

In 1987, Huli district was added and the suburb was renamed Jimei District.

In February 1994, the State Council approved the upgrading of Xiamen's administrative level to vice provincial level.

In May 1997, Tong'an was changed from county to district. So far, Xiamen has jurisdiction over seven districts, namely Gulangyu District, Siming District, Kaiyuan District, Xinglin District, Huli District, Jimei District and Tong'an District.

In May 1997, the people's Government of Tong'an District of Xiamen city was officially listed.

In May 2003, with the approval of the State Council, Fujian Provincial People's government issued the "reply on the adjustment of some administrative divisions of Xiamen City", which agreed to cancel Gulangyu district and Kaiyuan District of Xiamen City, put their administrative areas under the jurisdiction of Siming District, change the name of Xinglin district to Haicang District, and establish Xiang'an District. After the administrative region adjustment, Xiamen has six districts, namely Siming, Huli, Jimei, Haicang, Tong'an and Xiang'an, which will remain unchanged until the end of December 2016.

In December 2014, the State Council decided to establish China (Fujian) pilot free trade zone. The Xiamen area is 43.78 square kilometers.

On December 29, 2020, it will become the first batch of Chinese cities in the Lancang Mekong tourism cities cooperation alliance.

administrative division

By the end of 2016, Xiamen had 6 municipal districts, 26 streets, 12 towns, 361 communities and 147 villages. Siming District has 10 streets and 99 communities

Chinese PinYin : Fu Jian Sheng Sha Men Shi