Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province

Taiyuan, also known as Jinyang in ancient times, also known as Bingzhou and Longcheng, is the capital of Shanxi Province, the core city of Taiyuan metropolitan area, and an important central city in Central China approved by the State Council. As of June 2020, Taiyuan has jurisdiction over six districts, three counties, one county-level city and one county-level unit. By 2019, the total area is 6909 square kilometers, the built-up area is 438 square kilometers, the permanent resident population is 4.4619 million, the urban population is 3.836 million, and the urbanization rate is 85.25%.

Taiyuan is located in North China, Central Shanxi and the north end of Taiyuan Basin. It is adjacent to Xinzhou City in the north, Yangquan City in the East, Lvliang City in the West and Jinzhong City in the south. It is the political, economic, cultural and international exchange center of Shanxi Province, the innovation demonstration area of national sustainable development agenda. It is an important military and cultural town in northern China, a world business city of Shanxi, and an important energy and heavy industry base of China It is one of the best tourist cities in China and a national garden city. It has successfully held the second National Youth Games, central China Expo, China TV Huading award and other important large-scale activities.

Taiyuan is a national famous historical and cultural city. It is an ancient capital with a history of more than 2500 years. It is a historical ancient city with "controlling mountains and rivers, occupying the shoulder and back of the world" and "controlling the fortress and the capital of Wuyuan". The city is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and Fenhe River, the second largest tributary of the Yellow River, flows from north to south. Since ancient times, it has been known as "splendid Taiyuan city". The city spirit of Taiyuan is tolerance, morality, law, honesty and excellence.

In November 2018, it was selected into the top 100 of the overall well-off index of Chinese cities. In June 2019, the future network test facilities will be put into operation. On August 13, 2019, it will be selected as a pilot city for the construction of national urban medical consortium. By the end of 2020, Taiyuan Urban Rail Transit Line 2 will be put into operation.

In the year of Lu Zhao (the 17th year of the Duke of Ping of Jin, 541 BC), Xun Wu of Jin led his troops to the north and defeated Wuzhong and chidibie people who occupied the area of Taiyuan. For example, Taiyuan area began to enter the territory of Jin.

At the end of the spring and Autumn period, the influence of the Jin imperial office gradually weakened, and the six ministers of Zhi, Han, Wei, Zhao, fan and Zhongxing were in power. In 497 BC, in the 15th year of Duke Ding of Jin Dynasty, Zhao Yang asked Zhao Wu, a doctor in Handan, for 500 households contributed by Wei state, and prepared to move to Jinyang. Considering the relationship with Wei state, Zhao Wu hesitated and was killed by Zhao Yang. Zhao Ji, the son of Zhao Wu, united with fan and Zhonghang to besiege Zhao Yang. History: "autumn, Zhao Yang into Jinyang to rebel." Although Jinyang was a city of Jin State, it was actually occupied by Zhao family, which became the foundation of establishing the state in the future.

In 403 BC, Zhao, a senior official of the Jin Dynasty, became a marquis by himself, that is, Zhao liehou, who was originally in Jinyang and later moved to Handan. Until 248 BC, before the Qin Dynasty conquered 37 cities, such as Zhao Chou langmeng (today's east of Huangzhai in Yangqu), Taiyuan had been the territory of Zhao.

In the second year of emperor Zhuangxiang of Qin Dynasty (the 18th year of King Xiaocheng of Zhao, 248 BC), general Meng Ao of Qin Dynasty attacked the state of Zhao, taking 37 cities of Yuci and langmeng, and Taiyuan was born in Qin Dynasty. The next year, Taiyuan county was established in Jinyang.

In the first year of Ying Zheng (246 BC), the king of Qin, Jinyang rebelled against Qin. Meng Ao led his troops to pacify again, and restored Taiyuan county to its original state. In 221 BC, Qin unified the six states, abolished the system of enfeoffment of vassal states in the Zhou Dynasty, and set up prefectures and counties. Initially divided into 36 counties, Taiyuan county is one of them, 37 counties under the jurisdiction of Jinyang.

In 206 BC, the first year of emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Xiang Yu, king of Chu, was granted a vassal state and moved the king of Wei Bao to Hedong to become the king of Western Wei. It is divided into two parts: zhanger is the king of Changshan, who believes in the capital (now Jixian County, Hebei Province); zhaoxie is the king of Dai, who is in the capital (now Yuxian County, Hebei Province). According to the old records, Taiyuan belonged to zhaoxie. In the following year (205 BC), Wei Bao came down to Han Dynasty and Xuanfu came down to Chu. Han Xin, the general of the Han Dynasty, destroyed Wei Bao and pacified Wei. He still set up three counties, Hedong, Taiyuan and Shangdang. Taiyuan belongs to the Han Dynasty. In the fifth year (202 BC), Liu Bang was called emperor. He was known as the Han Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, the system of feudal lords in the Zhou Dynasty and prefectures and counties in the Qin Dynasty was reformed, and the establishment of parallel prefectures and counties and the unification of prefectures and counties was carried out. In the sixth year (201 BC), twenty-one counties of Taiyuan county and Yanmen county were transformed into South Korea, and Han Wangxin (the grandson of Han Xiang) was moved to Jinyang as the king of South Korea to prevent the northern Huns from going south. In that year, Han Wang Xin wrote that Jinyang was far away from the border, and his capital was moved to Mayi (now Shuozhou City). Soon after, Han Wangxin rebelled against the Han Dynasty and surrendered to the Xiongnu. He led the Xiongnu to attack Taiyuan alone and arrived near Jinyang city. In 196 B.C., general Chai Wu of the Han Dynasty killed Han Wangxin in the Shenhe (now yanggaodong) to pacify Daidi. In the Han Dynasty, the land of South Korea was changed to the state of Dai, and Liu Heng, the crown prince, was granted the title of Dai Wang.

In the second year of Liu Heng, Emperor Wen (178 BC), the state was divided into two states: Dai and Taiyuan. Liu Shen, the prince of Taiyuan, was the king of Taiyuan. His capital was Jinyang. In 176 B.C., Liu Wu, the king of migration, was the king of Huaiyang, and he Dai and Taiyuan were the two kingdoms. Liu Shen was the king. The capital was still located in Jinyang.

In the third year of the reign of Emperor Wudi (114 BC), the dynastic state was abolished, Taiyuan county was restored, and 21 counties were under the jurisdiction of Jinyang. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (106 BC), thirteen prefectures were set up to supervise the prefectures. The governor of Bingzhou supervised Taiyuan, Shangdang, Xihe, Shuofang, Wuyuan, Yunzhong, Dingxiang, Yanmen and Shangjun. Taiyuan county still leads 21 counties, and its administrative office is located in Jinyang.

In the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Bingzhou and Taiyuan had no change in their jurisdiction and administration. The 21 counties under the jurisdiction of Taiyuan county are Jinyang, Pengren (now in Fanzhi), Jiexiu (now in Jiexiu South), Yuci (now in Yuci North), Zhongdu (now in Pingyao northwest), Yuli (unknown), Zishi (now in Fenyang South), langmeng (now in huangzhaidong of Yangqu), Wu (now in Jiexiu North), Pingtao (now in Pingtao village of Wenshui southwest), Fenyang (now in Jingle West) and Beijing It is located in the west of Qi county (now Pingyao jingling Village), Yangqu (now Dingxiang), Daling (now Wenshui northeast), Yuanping (now Pingnan), Qi (now Qixian East), Shangai (now pingdingnan), Weihe (now Wutai northeast), Yangyi (now Taigu East), Guangwu (now Daixian southwest), Yu (now Yangqu Dayu).

In the first year (8 years), Wang Mang abolished Liu Ying, a young man of Han Dynasty, and established himself as emperor.

In the new mang period, the division and establishment of prefectures and states were changeable, and the place names were changed many times, even five times a year. First, in the 12th year of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the whole country was divided into twelve states according to Yao Dian, and then into nine states according to Yu Gong. In the first year of Tianfeng (14 years), it also set up the prefectures and prefectures, and changed their official names. In the Western Han Dynasty, Jiexiu was changed to Jiemei, Yuci to Taiyuan Pavilion, Yuli to Yuhe, Zishi to Zitong, langmeng to langdiao, Pingtao to duoliao, jingling to Zhicheng, Daling to Daning, Qi to Shi, Yangyi to fanliao, Guangwu to Xinhuan.

In the first year of Jianwu (25 years), Liu Xiu overthrew Wang Mang and founded the Han Dynasty.

At the beginning of Jianwu period in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the establishment was rectified, the establishment and the names of prefectures and counties in Xinmang period were abolished, and the old names of Western Han Dynasty were restored. The governor's Department of Bingzhou still supervises nine counties including Taiyuan, and the prefectural and county offices are still located in Jinyang. In the second year of Jianwu, Taiyuan county was changed into the state of Taiyuan, with Jinyang as its capital. After the war in the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, the number of registered permanent residence decreased sharply, and there were many official posts. In June of the sixth year of Jianwu (30th year), the imperial edict was issued to the whole country and more than 400 counties in the province. Among the 21 counties of Taiyuan County in the Western Han Dynasty, Lingren and Fenyang counties were abolished; Guangwu and Yuanping counties were designated as Yanmen County, and Shangai County belonged to Changshan state. In the fourteenth year of Jianwu (38th year), the state of Taiyuan was abolished and Taiyuan county was established.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Taiyuan county had jurisdiction over Jinyang, Jiexiu, Yuci, Zhongdu, Yuli, Zishi, langmeng, Wu, Yu, Pingtao, jingling, Yangqu, daling, Qi, leipeng and Yangyi.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, relatives and eunuchs vied for power, warlords were separated, and war broke out again.

In 193, Bingzhou was Gongsun Zan's sphere of influence; in 198, Yuan Shao occupied Bingzhou. Yuan Shao led Bingzhou animal husbandry with his nephew Gao Gan. In the spring of 206, the 11th year of Jian'an period, Cao Cao conquered Gao Gan, and Bingzhou and its Taiyuan County belonged to Wei. In 213, in order to expand its sphere of influence, Wei merged the provinces and prefectures and merged them into Jizhou. In 215, it was divided into Xinxing County in the north of Taiyuan county and Leping County in the East.

In the first year of Huangchu (220), Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty restored Bingzhou and changed Taiyuan County into Taiyuan state. Later, the state was abolished and the county was restored. Bingzhou leads the six counties of Taiyuan, Shangdang, Xihe, Yanmen, Xinxing and Leping. Bingzhou and Taiyuan are all located in Jinyang.

In the Wei Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms, Taiyuan county had jurisdiction over Jinyang, Yangqu, Yuci, Yu, Qi, jingling, Zhongdu, daling, Pingtao, langmeng, Yangyi and Wu counties.

In 265, Sima Yan forced Cao Huan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, to take the throne of Zen. He changed Wei to Jin, which is known as the Western Jin Dynasty in history.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, there was no change in the establishment of Bingzhou along the Wei Dynasty. In the first year of Taishi (265), Taiyuan county was changed into the state of Taiyuan, with Jinyang as its capital. The governor of Bingzhou unified Taiyuan, Xihe, Shangdang, Leping, Yanmen and Xinxing. Taikang five years (284), the abolition of Taiyuan state, changed to county.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, Taiyuan county had jurisdiction over Jinyang, Yangqu, Yuci, Yuli, Yu, langmeng, Yangyi, daling, Qi, Pingtao, jingling, Zhongdu and Wu counties. The prefectural governor's Department, Taiyuan state and Taiyuan county are all located in Jinyang.

At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the northern nationalities rose and established separate regimes one after another. They attacked each other and entered the period of Sixteen States.

The first year of Yongxing

Chinese PinYin : Shan Xi Sheng Tai Yuan Shi