Tieling City, Liaoning Province

Tieling Tieling is a prefecture level city in Liaoning Province. Tieling City is located in the north of Liaoning Province, the middle of Songliao plain, the terrain is generally high in the East and low in the north and low in the south, which belongs to the continental monsoon climate in the middle temperate zone. With a total area of 13000 square kilometers, the city has jurisdiction over two municipal districts, two county-level cities and three counties, with a total population of 2.7177 million in 2018.

Since 1984, Tieling has provided nearly 600 sports reserve talents to excellent sports teams above the provincial level, among which Yan Hong, LV Gang, Chen Yueling, sun fuming and Liu Hongyu have become world champions.

In 2018, the gross domestic product (GDP) of Tieling City reached 61.66 billion yuan, and the per capita GDP reached 23428 yuan; the general public budget income reached 5.22 billion yuan; the per capita disposable income of urban permanent residents was 24994 yuan, an increase of 7.1% over the previous year; the per capita disposable income of rural permanent residents was 14208 yuan, an increase of 6.2% over the previous year. In 2019, it was listed as the second batch of national agricultural product quality and safety counties.

Historical evolution

In the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties, it was the territory of Su (XI) Shen.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Liaodong county was in the South and Donghu County in the north. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, most of the territory belonged to Liaodong county.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms and the Western Jin Dynasty, xuantu county was in the south, and Fuyu County was in the north.

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the territory belonged to xuantu county. During the northern and Southern Dynasties, the territory was in Khitan territory.

In the Sui Dynasty, the territory was under the jurisdiction of Koguryo. In the Tang Dynasty, the southern part of the territory belonged to Anton Duhufu, and the northwestern part belonged to Kumo dududufu. Changtu was once under the jurisdiction of Yalu Fu and Fuyu Fu in Bohai Sea. In the first year of Kaiyuan (713) of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the great family of Bohai Sea in Tang Dynasty took Yue Xi and changed to Fu Zhou, which is now Tieling City.

In the second year of Khitan Shence (917), Liao Taizu smelted silver here, so he changed Fuzhou into Yinzhou. During the Liao Dynasty, most of the territory belonged to Liaoyang Prefecture of Tokyo road. During the Jin Dynasty, the southern part of the territory belonged to Xianping mansion on Dongjing Road, the western part belonged to Beijing Road, and the northeast part belonged to Huining mansion on Shangjing road. During the Yuan Dynasty, the western part of the territory belonged to Huichang road of Zhongshu Province, and the rest belonged to Xianping mansion of Kaiyuan Road.

In the Ming Dynasty, tielingwei was set up in Yinzhou. In 1393, tielingwei was moved to ancient Yinzhou between Shenyang and Kaiyuan. In the south, it belonged to tielingwei, commander of Liaodong capital, in the west, it belonged to liaohetao Fuyu Wei, in the north, it belonged to 30000 Wei, and zhusong, king of Han, was granted to tielingkaiyuan.

During the Qing Dynasty, in 1644, the first year of Shunzhi in the early Qing Dynasty, the Qing army entered the pass and successively set up Fengtian, Jilin and Heilongjiang generals in the northeast, and fengtianfu in Fengtian. In 1664, Wei county was abolished. Tieling and Kaiyuan counties were under the jurisdiction of fengtianfu. At that time, the northeast part of Tieling (Xifeng) was banned as a big paddock, and the West and north part was the Horqin part of Inner Mongolia. In the late Qing Dynasty, there were many buildings in the territory. In 1877, Changtu hall was changed into Changtu mansion. In 1907, Fengtian general was abolished and Fengtian governor was set up. Tieling territory was the governor of the three eastern provinces. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Tieling, Kaiyuan, Changtu, Kangping and Xifeng were five counties in Fengtian province.

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the system of province and county was implemented. Liaoshen road in Fengtian province was in the South and taochang road in the West and North. In 1928, Zhang Xueliang changed the banner of Northeast China. On February 5, 1929, Fengtian province was changed to Liaoning Province, and Tieling province belonged to Liaoning Province. In 1932, after the founding of Manchuria, Liaoning Province was changed to Fengtian province, and Tieling was subordinate to Fengtian province.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Tieling belongs to western Liaoning Province. On September 1, 1954, Liaodong and Liaoxi provinces merged into Liaoning Province, and Tieling was subordinate to Liaoning Province.

administrative division

Division evolution

On February 8, 1956, Tieling Commissioner's office was set up in Liaoning Province, with jurisdiction over Tieling, Kaiyuan, Xifeng, Changtu, Kangping, Faku, Xinbin and Qingyuan counties. On January 5, 1959, Tieling special office was abolished. Except for Xinbin and Qingyuan counties, which were under the leadership of Fushun City, other counties were under the leadership of Shenyang City.

On February 12, 1964, Shenyang Commissioner's office was established, and Tieling county was under the jurisdiction of Shenyang Commissioner's office.

In July 1966, Shenyang Commissioner's office moved to Yinzhou Town, Tieling county. On December 26, 1968, the Revolutionary Committee of Shenyang special region was changed into the Revolutionary Committee of Tieling special region, which has jurisdiction over Tieling, Kaiyuan, Changtu, Xifeng, Kangping, Faku, Xinmin, Liaozhong, Taian, Xinbin and Qingyuan counties.

On July 25, 1970, the Revolutionary Committee of Tieling district was changed into the Revolutionary Committee of Tieling district.

On September 20, 1978, the Tieling regional Revolutionary Committee was renamed Tieling regional administrative office, which governs Tieling, Kaiyuan, Xifeng, Changtu, Kangping and Faku counties. Xinbin and Qingyuan counties are under the jurisdiction of Fushun City, while Xinmin, Liaozhong and Taian counties are under the jurisdiction of Shenyang City.

On September 20, 1984, Tieling City was established under the provincial jurisdiction, including Yinzhou, Tiefa and Qinghe districts, Tieling, Kaiyuan, Changtu, Xifeng, Kangping and Faku counties.

In December 1992, Kangping and Faku counties were assigned to Shenyang City.

By the end of 2010, Tieling City had jurisdiction over Yinzhou and Qinghe districts, Diaobingshan and Kaiyuan cities, and Tieling, Changtu and Xifeng counties.

Zoning details

Tieling City governs seven county-level administrative regions, including two municipal districts, two county-level cities and three counties, namely Yinzhou District, Qinghe District, Diaobingshan City, Kaiyuan city, Tieling County, Xifeng County and Changtu County. Tieling Municipal People's government is located at 28 Jinshajiang Road, Fanhe New District, Tieling county.

geographical environment

Location context

Tieling City is located in the north of Liaoning Province and the middle of Songliao plain. It is located between 123 ° 27 '- 125 ° 06' e and 41 ° 59 '- 43 ° 29' n. It is adjacent to Shenyang City and Fushun City in the south, Siping City in Jilin Province in the north, Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County in Fushun City and Liaoyuan City in Jilin Province in the East, Faku County and Kangping County in Shenyang City and Horqin Left wing rear banner and Tongliao City in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the West. The city is 134 kilometers long from east to west and 162 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 13000 square kilometers. Among them, the urban area is 638 square kilometers.

topographic features

The terrain of Tieling City is generally high, medium and low in the East, high in the north and low in the south, and slightly high in the West. The mountains and hills are on the East and west sides, and the middle part is the Liaohe plain, which flows slowly from north to south. The whole city can be divided into two geomorphic areas: the eastern hilly area and the Western Liaohe hilly plain area. The eastern hilly area is located in the east of Harbin (erbin) Dalian highway, which is the South extension of Changbai Mountains. The terrain gradually decreases from east to west, mainly including Tieling County, Changtu County, the east of Kaiyuan city, Xifeng County and Qinghe District, covering an area of 6800 square kilometers, accounting for 52.3% of the total area of the city. The Western Liaohe hilly plain area is located in Harbin (erbin) Dalian ）To the west of the highway is a plain formed by the impact of Liaohe River and its tributaries. The terrain inclines gently from north to south, mainly including most of Changtu County, the west of Kaiyuan city and Tieling County, and all of Diaobingshan City, covering an area of about 6185 square kilometers, about 47.7% of the total area of the whole city. In the total area of the city, about 40% are mountainous and hilly areas, about 45% are plains, and about 15% are rivers and other areas. Generally speaking, there are "four mountains and half waters, four parts and half fields, one part roads and manors".

climate

Tieling has a mid temperate continental monsoon climate. The main characteristics of the climate are: cold and dry in winter, warm and rainy in summer, hot and rainy in the same season, abundant sunshine and distinct dry and wet seasons. The annual precipitation of the whole city is 600 mm, nearly 10% less than that of normal years. Among them, the precipitation in winter is 1.2 times more than that in the year round; the precipitation in spring is nearly 40% more than that in the year round; the precipitation in summer is about 20% less than that in the year round; and the precipitation in autumn is nearly 40% less than that in the year round. The annual average temperature of the whole city is 7.9 ℃, which is 0.8 ℃ higher than the normal temperature. It is 0.7 ℃ higher in winter, 1.6 ℃ higher in spring, 0.2 ℃ higher in summer and the same in autumn. The annual sunshine hours of the whole city are 2444 hours, 172 hours less than the normal. It is 59 hours less in winter, 12 hours less in spring, 3 hours less in summer and 64 hours less in autumn.

hydrology

Tieling City belongs to the Liaohe River Basin, and the main stream of Liaohe River is 170 kilometers long. There are 39 rivers with a drainage area of more than 100 square kilometers. Among them, there are 13 primary tributaries of Liaohe River, including Dongliao River, zhaosutai River, Wanghe River, changgouzi River, Lama River and Hengdao River; there are 16 secondary tributaries of Liaohe River, including Beixiao River, zhuzui River, tiaozi River, Xiaonan River, Xiaola River, Erdaogou River, Nansha River, nanchai River, Hailong River and Shengli River; and there are 16 tertiary tributaries of Liaohe River, including beitaiping River, XIAERTAI River, Hongshan River, Weizi River and Aihe river There are 8 rivers, including Qinghe River, niaolu River, Xiaokou River and Yehe River, and Shuangmiaozi river is the fourth tributary of Liaohe River. The main and tributaries with a drainage area of more than 500 square kilometers include Liaohe River, Dongliao River, zhaosutai River, erdaohe River, Qinghe River, kouhe River, Chaihe River, Fanhe River, Shahe River and Liangzi river. Influenced by topography, geomorphology, geographical location and monsoon conditions, the river network in the southeast developed. There are 96 reservoirs in the city, including Qinghe Reservoir, Chaihe Reservoir, Nanchengzi reservoir and Zhenziling reservoir, which are distributed in the first tributary of Liaohe River in the East.

natural resources

plant resources

Tieling City has more than 100 kinds of wild vascular plants, more than 1000 kinds of families, including more than 700 kinds of medicinal plants, and more than 200 kinds of others, such as brewing, aromatic oils, fibers, tannins, etc. The main medicinal plants are Phellodendron amurense, Carpinus pubescens, Fraxinus, acanthopanax senticosus, Lespedeza, Liriodendron chinense, Celastrus orbiculatus, kiwifruit, Schisandra chinensis, Platycodon grandiflorum, polygonatum odoratum, Panax japonicum, Dioscorea nipponica, asarum, ginseng, Fritillaria, clematis, longevity grass, Fangfeng, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Leonurus japonicus, Ligusticum chuanxiong, liquorice, Agrimonia pilosula, medlar sophora, peony, Polygala

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