Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province

Hanzhong City, a prefecture level city in Shaanxi Province, is called "Han" for short. It was called Nanzheng, Xingyuan, Liangzhou and Tianhan in ancient times. Located in the south of Shaanxi Province, Qinling Mountains in the north, Bashan mountains in the south, Hanzhong plain in the middle. It has jurisdiction over Hantai District, Nanzheng District, Chenggu County, Liuba County, Mian County, Foping County, Lueyang County, Ningqiang County, Xixiang County, Zhenba County and Yang county. Hanzhong city is named after the Han River, which has been known as "Tianhan" since ancient times. It is rated as one of the ten most beautiful cities and towns in China and known as the "hometown of Han people". Hanzhong is the source of Hanjiang River, the largest tributary of the Yangtze River. It is the largest city in southern Shaanxi. It is an important junction between Guanzhong Tianshui Economic Zone and Chengdu Chongqing Economic Zone. It is the only way from Chengdu to Xi'an. It is also the main birthplace of the culture of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms. It is known as "the birthplace of the Han family and the treasure pot of China".

Hanzhong has been praised as the "land of fish and rice" since ancient times, and is also known as the "land of abundance". Hanzhong has four treasures: Crested Ibis, giant panda, golden monkey and takin. Hanzhong is known as the hometown of pandas; there are endangered birds in the world and "rare birds in the world" - Crested Ibis, so it is also known as the "hometown of Crested Ibis".

Hanzhong is listed as a national historical and cultural city, an excellent tourism city in China, a national ecological construction demonstration city, one of the first batch of nationwide tourism demonstration areas and a national health city. In October 2017, it was awarded the title of "national garden city".

On April 2, 2018, Hanzhong City was selected by the Ministry of science and technology and the national development and Reform Commission, and released a list of new cities to support the construction of innovative cities. On February 2, 2019, notice of Xi'an Customs on changing and adding customs area code (notice of Xi'an customs of the people's Republic of China No. 8, 2019) officially added Hanzhong customs. Hanzhong Customs Code: 9014. Full name of Customs District: Hanzhong customs. Jurisdiction: Hanzhong and Ankang. Customs District abbreviation: Hanzhong customs. Hanzhong customs code is used to handle all customs business except freight supervision of Hanzhong customs. The code will be officially put into use on February 1, 2019.

ancient

About 1.2 million years ago, there were ancient human activities in the Longgang temple area of Liangshan town along the Hanjiang River. The Longgang Temple site is one of the few Paleolithic remains more than 1 million years old found in China. In the Neolithic age, more mature settlements have been formed, and there is a well preserved clan public cemetery in the site. The cultural features of longgangsi ancient human heritage park are close to the middle and early stage of beishouling, which belongs to the early stage of Yangshao culture.

In Xia Dynasty, there was Baoguo. According to Xia Benji in historical records, "Yu was the surname of Si, and then he was enfeoffed and took the state as the surname, so there were Xia Hou and Hu surnames Bao Shi... " In Guoyu · Zhengyu and Shiji · zhoubenji, there are stories about Baoguo's monarch turning into a dragon at the end of summer. Baoguo is located in the north of Hanjiang River and the south of Qinling Mountains in the middle of Hanzhong area.

Shang Dynasty: this place belongs to Bao state (north of Hanjiang River) and ancient Shu state (south of Hanjiang River). There are records of "cutting fou (Bao) and Shu" in Yin oracle inscriptions.

The Western Zhou Dynasty successively belonged to Liangzhou and Yongzhou. There are still Baoguo, the "leader of the southern state" of Zhou Dynasty, also known as Zhounan (the State Council announced Hanzhong as a famous historical and cultural city, called Zhounan in the ancient times of Hanzhong).

Hanzhong's name first appeared in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty. According to "the spring and Autumn Annals of Lu's family, Ji Xia Ji, Yinchu", it is said that "King Zhao of Zhou's personal generals conquered Jing Wang and Cai Gong died in Hanzhong. "In the spring and Autumn period, Hanzhong was the territory of Chu state." Chu had Hanzhong, and Ba and Qian were in the south. "As opposed to" Ba and Qian were in the South ", Hanzhong was the northern boundary of Chu, and now it is located in the northwest of Hubei Province. Hanzhong refers to Yunyang in the middle reaches of the Han River from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States period. In the 13th year of gengyuan, King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty, in the battle of Danyang between Qin and Chu (the battlefield is in the Danjiang area in the northwest of Hubei Province, which belongs to Hanzhong), Qin soldiers went out of Wuguan to attack Chu. The Chu army was defeated, and the Yunyang area was occupied by Qin army.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the territory of Hanzhong was Nanzheng. In the 21st year of King Ping of Zhou Dynasty (750 BC), Bao state was destroyed by Yong state, and Nanzheng was owned by Yong state. In the second year of King Kuang of Zhou Dynasty (611 BC), King Zhuang of Chu united with the state of Ba and Qin to defeat the state of Yong, divided the land of Yong and set up Hanzhong county (meaning Hanshui), and set up Shangyong, Nanzheng, Wuling, Changli and other counties.

In the middle of the Warring States period, Nanzheng was an important place for Qin and Shu. In the 26th year of Duke li of Qin Dynasty (451 BC), the state of Qin attacked Nanzheng. At that time, the Shu people were in a hurry, and the supplies of manpower, food and grass were not available. They lost Nanzheng, and the zuoshu commander of Qin built Nanzheng city. In the following 10 years, Shu people constantly gathered forces to counterattack, and Nanzheng rebelled against Qin in 441 BC.

In 387 B.C., the state of Qin once again attacked Shu and captured Nanzheng. It was written in historical records that "Shu was conquered and Nanzheng was captured". But unexpectedly, Shu attacked again and occupied Nanzheng (368 B.C.).

After Shang Yang's reform, Qin became an increasingly powerful military power. In 316 BC, Zhang Yi and Sima CuO led the army to swallow Ju and destroy Shu, and the land of Han Dynasty was returned to Qin. In 312 BC, Qin conquered Chu and set up Hanzhong County, which was one of the 16 counties in the early Qin Dynasty. Nanzheng County (now in Hantai District of Hanzhong City) was set up at the beginning of the county administration. The place name of Hanzhong moved from Yunyang in the middle reaches of the Han River to Nanzheng in the upper reaches of the Han River, which is now Hanzhong.

At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu, the overlord, was enfeoffed as a vassal. Liu Bang was granted the title of king of the Han Dynasty. Nanzheng (now Hanzhong and Hantai), the capital of the Han Dynasty, was in charge of Hanzhong, Ba and Shu.

At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, the county government moved to Xicheng county (now in Hanbin District of Ankang City). In the fifth year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (106 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up 13 Department of history. Hanzhong county belongs to the Department of governor of Yizhou.

At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Nanzheng County (now in Hantai District of Hanzhong City) was restored. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Lu took charge of Hanzhong and changed it into Hanning County; in 215, Cao Cao conquered Zhang Lu and changed it into Hanzhong County; in 219, Liu Bei took charge of Hanzhong and called it Hanzhong king, and still set up Hanzhong county.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Hanzhong was subordinate to the Shuhan regime. Wei Jingyuan four years (263 years) Wei destroyed Shu Han, divided into Liang, Yi two states, Liang led eight counties, rule in Nanzheng.

In the 10th year of Jin Taikang (289), the state of Han was established, and soon it was abolished.

In the northern and Southern Dynasties, Hanzhong belonged to Liu Song, Xiao Qi, Northern Wei, Xiao Liang, Western Wei, and Northern Zhou. There were Liangzhou, Xingzhou (now Lueyang county), Yangzhou (now Xixiang County), and Qinzhou and more than 70 overseas Chinese counties.

At the beginning of Sui Dynasty, Liang, Xing and Yangzhou were still set up in the territory, and then Hanchuan, shunzheng and Yangchuan were changed.

In the Tang Dynasty, Liangzhou was set up as the general manager's office, which was later changed into the Dudu's office, with four prefectures including Liang, Xing, Yang and Ji; in the first year of Zhenguan (627), Hanzhong was set up as Shannandao; in the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), Shannandao was divided into East and West, Hanzhong was set up as Shannandao, and Daozhi was set up in Nanzheng (Hanzhong); in the first year of Tianbao (724), Hanzhong, Yangchuan and shunzheng counties were set up; later it was changed into Liangzhou In the first year of Xingyuan (784), Emperor Dezong of Tang avoided Zhu Bi's rebellion and drove to Liangzhou. Liangzhou was changed into Xingyuan Prefecture, and both Dao and Fu ruled in Nanzheng. It was the first time in Chinese history that the name of Xingyuan Prefecture was given by Emperor's year. Xingyuan Prefecture's status was the same as that of Chang'an in Kyoto, Luoyang in the East and Taiyuan in the north.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Hanzhong was successively occupied by the former Shu, the latter Tang and the latter Shu, and Xingyuan Prefecture and Yangxing prefecture were still set up.

In the third year of Zhidao (997) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Xingyuan Prefecture and Yangxing two prefectures were set up in the territory, belonging to Xiaxi Road (namely "Xialu", which governs Kuizhou and now Fengjie of Chongqing). In 1072, Lizhou Road (one of the fourth Chuanxia Road) and Xingyuan mansion were set up, all of which were located in Hanzhong. Lizhou road governs the south of Qinling Mountains and the north of Yangtze River.

In the 10th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1141), Lizhou road was divided into East and West roads. The East Road was located in Xingyuan (Hanzhong) and the west road was located in Xingzhou (Lueyang). The East and West roads of Lizhou were divided several times.

In the third year of Zhongtong in Yuan Dynasty (1262), xingzhongshu Province in Shaanxi and Sichuan was established. In the 23rd year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1286), Sichuan Province was divided into Shaanxi Province and Sichuan Province. In order to strengthen the control of Sichuan area and prevent the occurrence of many times of separatist rule and antagonism against the central dynasty in history, Xingyuan road was set up in Hanzhong, which was under the jurisdiction of Shanxi Xingzhong Shu province.

In the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370), Lu was changed into Fu, and Hanzhong Fu was set up.

In the Qing Dynasty, Shanan road was set up in Hanzhong, governing Hanzhong Prefecture and Xing'an prefecture (now Ankang City).

the Republic of China era

The first year of the Republic of China (1912), the abolition of Shan'an road.

In February 1913, the system of government, prefecture and department was abolished, and the prefecture and department were renamed county.

In January 1914, Hanzhong Road was established, which was governed in Nanzheng and led 25 counties in southern Shaanxi: Nanzheng, Baocheng, Mianxian, Chenggu, Yangxian, Xixiang, Zhenba (renamed dingyuanting), Foping, Lueyang, Ningqiang, Liuba, Fengxian, Ankang, Langao, Shiquan, Hanyin, Ningshan, Xunyang, Ziyang, Pingli, Zhenping, Baihe, Zhen'an, Shangnan and Shanyang.

In 1928, the central road of the Han Dynasty was abolished, and all counties were directly under the jurisdiction of the province. There were 11 counties in Nanzheng, Chenggu, Yangxian, Mianxian, Xixiang, Zhenba, Ningqiang, Lueyang, Liuba, Foping and Baocheng.

In 1935, the province set up the sixth administrative supervision district in Hanzhong, with the office of the Commissioner stationed in Nanzheng and 12 counties under its jurisdiction, namely Nanzheng, Baocheng, Mianxian, Lueyang, Fengxian, Liuba, Yangxian, Xixiang, Foping, Chenggu, Zhenba and Ningqiang (renamed from Ningqiang County in 1942).

In May 1949, after the liberation of Guanzhong and Xi'an, the military and political organs of the Kuomintang in Shaanxi Province fled to Hanzhong. In September, Hanzhong set up two separate offices: the Eastern office was located in Chenggu, with jurisdiction over six counties in the East, the western office was located in Mianxian, with jurisdiction over six counties in the west, until liberation.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China

On December 6, 1949,

Chinese PinYin : Shan Xi Sheng Han Zhong Shi