Ningde City, Fujian Province

Ningde city belongs to Fujian Province, also known as Mindong. It is the hometown of Chinese yellow croaker and a national garden city. It is located in the Northeast coastal area of Fujian Province and East Fujian Province. It is adjacent to the East China Sea in the East, across the sea from Taiwan, Nanping in the west, Fuzhou in the South and Zhejiang in the north. It is the nearest city to the Yangtze River Delta, Japan and South Korea. The land area is 13400 square kilometers, and the adjacent sea area is 44600 square kilometers. It has a world-class natural deep-water port, sandu'ao. The terrain is mainly hilly and mountainous, with small plains along the coast, belonging to the mid subtropical marine monsoon climate.

Ningde City governs Jiaocheng District, Fu'an City, Fuding City, Gutian County, Xiapu County, Zhouning County, Shouning County, Pingnan County and Zherong county. By the end of 2018, Ningde had a permanent population of 2.91 million.

Ningde is also a resort for leisure and eco-tourism along the southeast coast of China, with one World Geopark, two 5A scenic spots, three national scenic spots and seven provincial scenic spots. There are Yushan, Taishan islands, Dajing, Xiyang Island, sandu'ao and other coastal scenic spots in the coastal area; there are 2 national forest parks, 4 provincial forest parks, 1 National Wetland Park, 2 provincial nature reserves and 9 municipal nature reserves in the inland area. On November 15, 2019, Ningde city was awarded the title of "National Forest City".

In 2019. Ningde achieved a GDP of 245.170 billion yuan, an increase of 9.2% over the previous year.

Historical evolution

Before Ming and Qing Dynasties

During the pre Qin period, it was the residence of the Minyue people among the Baiyue tribes.

Wenma county was set up in 282, the third year of Jin Taikang. It was the first county-level administrative district in the district. It was subordinate to Jin'an county (now Fuzhou City) and later to Fengzhou. The county government is located at the foot of Hongshan mountain in Xiapu County. It covers most of Ningde, Zhenghe, Lianjiang, Luoyuan and other counties.

In the ninth year of kaihuang (589), Wenma county was abolished, and its land was merged into Fengxian County, belonging to Quanzhou (now Fuzhou). In the third year of Daye of Sui Dynasty (607), the original Fengxian County was renamed Min County, which was subordinate to Jian'an county.

In the early Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Jianzhou. In 623, Changxi county (now Xiapu County) and Lianjiang county were set up in the former Wenma County of Min County, which were subordinate to Quanzhou (now Fuzhou). In the same year, Changxi county was merged into Lianjiang county, which was subordinate to minzhou. In the second year of Chang'an (702) of Tang Dynasty, Lianjiang county separated from the original Changxi County, and established Changxi county again. It was governed by Xiapu now and belonged to minzhou. Later minzhou was renamed Fuzhou.

In the 23rd year of the Yuan Dynasty (1286), Changxi county was upgraded to Funing Prefecture, belonging to Fuzhou Road, the provincial capital of xingzhongshu in Fujian Province, which governs the prefecture and Fu'an and Ningde counties.

In 1369, Funing Prefecture was reduced to Funing County, still belonging to Fuzhou Road, Zhongshu Province, Fujian Construction Bank. In the ninth year of Chenghua (1473), Funing County was promoted to Funing Prefecture, which was under the jurisdiction of Fu'an and Ningde counties.

In 1734, Funing Prefecture was promoted to Funing Prefecture, which is subordinate to Fujian and Zhejiang governor's office and governs Fu'an, Ningde, Xiapu and Shouning counties.

Modern times

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the government and prefectural departments were abolished, and the provincial, Taoist and county-level local political system was implemented. Gutian, Pingnan, Xiapu, Fuding, Ningde, Fu'an and Shouning counties in the district belong to dongludao.

In 1914, Donglu road was renamed minhai Road, and seven counties in the area belonged to minhai road.

In 1925, the road was abandoned, and seven counties in the area were under the provincial government.

In 1933, Fujian was divided into four provinces and two cities, and the seven counties in the area belong to minhai province.

In 1934, Fujian provincial government implemented the district system of administrative supervision, and eastern Fujian was designated as the second office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision.

In 1935, Mindong was incorporated into the first office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision.

In 1943, Mindong was designated as the eighth Office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision.

In 1947, Mindong was designated as the first office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision. During this period, the territory of eastern Fujian changed several times.

On September 30, 1949, the third office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision was established in Mindong District, which governs seven counties, including Fu'an, Ningde, Fuding (transferred in November), Xiapu, Shouning, Zhouning and Zherong. The office of the Commissioner is located in Fu'an and is subordinate to the people's Government of Fujian Province. In 1950, the third office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision was renamed the office of the Commissioner of Fu'an district.

In April 1955, it was also renamed Fuan Commissioner's office, which is subordinate to Fujian Provincial People's government.

In 1956, under the Fujian Provincial People's Committee.

In 1968, the Revolutionary Committee of Fu'an special region was established under the Fujian Provincial Revolutionary Committee.

In 1970, the Revolutionary Committee of Fu'an District moved from Fu'an to Chengguan, Ningde county.

In June 1971, the Revolutionary Committee of Fu'an special region was renamed the Revolutionary Committee of Ningde region.

In April 1978, the Revolutionary Committee of Ningde district was abolished and the administrative office of Ningde district was established.

In 1979, under the Fujian Provincial People's government.

After 1983, Ningde district administrative office had jurisdiction over nine counties, including Fu'an, Ningde, Fuding, Xiapu, Shouning, Zhouning, Zherong, Gutian, Pingnan, etc. (from 1956 to 1983, the jurisdiction of eastern Fujian changed frequently, and in addition to the original jurisdiction, it also successively had jurisdiction over Songxi, Zhenghe, Changle, Lianjiang, Luoyuan, etc.).

On November 14, 1999, the State Council approved the establishment of Ningde Municipal People's government by withdrawing land from Ningde City, which was officially listed on November 14, 2000. Ningde Municipal People's government is located in the newly established Jiaocheng District, which has jurisdiction over 9 counties (urban areas).

administrative division

In 2020, Ningde City governs 9 counties (cities and districts), including Jiaocheng District, Fu'an City, Fuding City, Xiapu County, Gutian County, Pingnan County, Shouning County, Zhouning county and Zherong County, with 43 townships (including 9 ethnic townships), 69 towns, 14 sub district offices, 196 neighborhood committees and 2137 village committees.

geographical environment

Location context

Ningde, commonly known as Mindong, is located in the middle of the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Taiwan Province. It is between 118 ° 32 ′ - 120 ° 43 ′ E and 26 ° 18 ′ - 27 ° 40 ′ n. Taiwan in the East, Nanping in the west, Fuzhou in the South and Wenzhou in Zhejiang Province in the north. It is 235 km from east to west and 153 km from north to south. The city has a land area of 13500 square kilometers and a sea area of 44600 square kilometers. The coastline is 1046 kilometers long.

topographic features

Ningde city belongs to South China stratigraphic area and Southeast Coastal stratigraphic area in Fujian Province. Except Fuding and Zherong belong to Wenzhou stratigraphic District, the rest belong to Qingtian Zhangzhou stratigraphic district. In the geological structure belt, Ningde is located in the north of Yanshan volcanic rock fault zone in East Fujian and in the southeast coastal volcanic rock zone.

The basic landform outline of Ningde city was formed at the end of Yanshan movement. In Fujian Province, it belongs to the middle mountain landform area of volcanic rock series in central Fujian Province and the granite hill and plain landform area along the east coast. The terrain is high in the West and North, low in the East and south, and uplifted in the middle, which is roughly in the shape of "gate" ladder. In the northwest of the territory, there are two mountains, Donggong mountain and Jiufeng Mountain, with 696 peaks more than 1000 meters, and the highest peak is 1649 meters above sea level; in the north central and south central parts, there are two mountains, Taimu mountain and Tianhu mountain, with 189 peaks more than 1000 meters, and the highest peak is 1479 meters above sea level; in the East, it is close to the Pacific Ocean, with many harbors and islands, 178 harbors and 305 islands, There are Intermountain basins and coastal areas with coastal accumulation plains.

climatic conditions

Ningde has a mid subtropical marine monsoon climate, with less severe cold in winter and less severe heat in summer. It has a humid climate with abundant rainfall, the longest in summer and the shortest in autumn. It is rich in climate resources and frequent meteorological disasters. Because there are four high altitude mountain counties, the geographical differences of meteorological elements are large. The annual average temperature is 17.5 ℃, the growth period is 327.9 days, the frost free period is 270.4 days, the sunshine hours is 1637.7 hours, and the precipitation is 2350 mm. There are two periods of precipitation concentration, i.e. rainy season from May to June (pre flood season) and typhoon season from July to September (post flood season). On average, there are 3.5 typhoons in a year, and the number of rainstorm days is 5.7 days in a year. The annual probability of heavy rainstorm is 80.3% in the whole city. Most of the heavy rainstorms are caused by typhoons, and the probability of heavy rainstorm in Zherong is the highest.

hydrographic features

The territory has developed water system and dense rivers. There are 24 large rivers with a total area of 11900 square kilometers, accounting for 88.46% of the total land area of the city. Jiaoxi and huotongxi, the two largest river systems, and their 10 larger tributaries, control an area of 7800 square kilometers, accounting for 65.5% of the city's total drainage area. Groundwater resources account for about 14% of the total water resources, which are distributed in all parts of the city, especially in the western, northern and central regions. The total amount of water resources in the whole city is higher than the average level of the whole province.

East Fujian has a wide sea and a deep harbor. The coastline is 878 km long, ranking first among the cities divided into districts in Fujian Province. The sea area is 44600 square kilometers, and the shallow sea beach area is 93400 hectares. The sea area available for operation is 3.3 times of the land area in Fujian Province. There are 29 large and small harbors in the region, of which sandu'ao has the longest coastline in the province.

natural resources

ocean resources

Ningde is adjacent to the Taiwan Strait in the East. Its coastline (excluding Islands) is 943.2km long, accounting for 28.35% of the total coastline of the province. Its sea area is 44600km2, accounting for 35.63% of the total marine fishery area of the province. There are 1215 islands, reefs, sands, beaches, headlands, waterways and estuaries in the region, including 307 islands, accounting for 21% of the total islands of the province

Chinese PinYin : Fu Jian Sheng Ning De Shi