Pu'er City, Yunnan Province

Pu'er City, a prefecture level city in Yunnan Province, is located in the southwest of Yunnan Province, with jurisdiction over one district and nine counties. By the end of 2016, the city had a population of 2.617 million, with a total area of 45385 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over Simao District, Ning'er Hani Yi Autonomous County, Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, Jingdong Yi Autonomous County, Jinggu Dai Yi Autonomous County, Zhenyuan Yi Hani Lahu Autonomous County, Jiangcheng Hani Yi Autonomous County, Menglian Dai Lahu Wa Autonomous County, Lancang Lahu Autonomous County, Ximeng Wa Autonomous County, and the administrative center of the Municipal People's Government in the north of Simao district.

Pu'er City, also known as Simao. On January 21, 2007, Simao City was renamed Pu'er City. There are nine autonomous counties of ethnic minorities, inhabited by 14 ethnic groups such as Han, Hani, Yi, Lahu, WA and Dai. The population of ethnic minorities accounts for 61%. The traditional ethnic festivals in Pu'er include wa Drum Festival, Lahu gourd Festival, Yi Torch Festival and Dai Water Splashing Festival.

On December 29, 2018, the State Commission for democracy and people's livelihood issued a decision to name Pu'er City as "a demonstration city for national unity and progress".

Historical evolution

Before the second year of Yuanfeng (109 B.C.), Pu'er is now a territory of the ancient Dai nation "mengdaguang" (ailaoguo).

In the second year of Yuanfeng (109 BC), the Han Dynasty conquered Yunnan and other tribes, such as Kunming and Yi, and set up Yizhou county. It extended its power into the territory of "mengdaguang" (Ailao state). Buwei, Yitang, Bisu, Xilong, Yeyu, Yunnan and other counties (strongholds) were included in Yizhou county. Mengdaguang was busy responding to the Han Dynasty and gave up part of its territory. Today, Pu'er belongs to the local orders of Dai nationality. In the 12th year of Yongping (69), mengdaguang (Ailao state) was attached to the Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, counties (strongholds) such as Buwei, Yitang, Bisu, Xilong, Yeyu and Yunnan were assigned to mengdaguang, and Yongchang County was set up in the hometown of mengdaguang. Today, Pu'er belongs to Yongchang County.

In 225, the Shu Han Dynasty was divided into Jianning County, Yuejun county and Yongchang County. Today, Pu'er is divided into Yongchang County (west part of Lancang River) and Yunnan county (east part of Lancang River).

In 271, Jianning County, Yunnan county, Xinggu county and Yongchang County were established in the Western Jin Dynasty. Today, Pu'er is divided into Yongchang County (west part of Lancang River) and Yunnan county (east part of Lancang River).

In the second year of Yuanxi (420), the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished, and then the Song Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), Qi Dynasty (Southern Dynasty), Liang Dynasty (Southern Dynasty) and other mainland dynasties gradually withdrew from the Yunnan Plateau. After Chen (Southern Dynasty) replaced Liang (Southern Dynasty), the mainland Dynasty completely abandoned the Yunnan Plateau. Today, the Pu'er territory belongs to the local Dai nationality.

In the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738), the Dai people of "mengshe" (Weishan basin) came to the Erhai Basin and established the "mengshelong" (Nanzhao state) regime.

In the first year of Baoying (762), mengshelong (Nanzhao state) established Yongchang Jiedu in mengzhang (Baoshan Basin) to govern the area west of Lancang River;

In the first year of Yongtai (765), mengshelong (Nanzhao state) established yinshengjiedu in Menggu (Jingdong basin) and governed Menggu and its south area. Today, Pu'er belongs to Yongchang Jiedu (west part of Lancang River) and yinshengjiedu (east part of Lancang River).

In the second year of Tianfu (937), Duan Siping, a former official of mengshelong (Nanzhao state), entered the Erhai Basin to build Dali state. Yongchang Jiedu was set up in mengzhang and Yinsheng Jiedu was set up in Menggu along the old system of mengshelong. Today, Pu'er belongs to Yongchang Jiedu (West of Lancang River) and Yinsheng Jiedu (east of Lancang River).

In the third year of Shaosheng of Song Dynasty (1096), Dali state abolished the military jurisdiction of Jiedu and Dudu, and set up eight prefectures, four prefectures and four towns. Today, Pu'er belongs to Yongchang prefecture (west part of Lancang River) and Weichu prefecture (east part of Lancang River).

In 1180, "Menggu" (Jingdong basin) Prince Zhaozhen of the Dai nationality went south to establish a city-state in the south of weichufu in Dali, and attacked the northern Khmer Meng forces in the name of Dali, and recaptured the Dai nationality "Meng" (bang, Guo) controlled by the Meng Khmer forces into the Alliance state "Mengyu" (Chinese translation of "Jinglong state"). Today, most of the Pu'er territory belongs to weichufu, Southwest China It belongs to Yongchang Prefecture, and to Menghe (Jinglong state) in the south.

In 1254, the great Mongolia destroyed Dali;

In the fourth year of Baoyou (1256), the Mongols set up military areas at various levels, such as wanhu, Qianhu and Baihu, in the areas directly under the central government of Dali. After stabilizing the situation of Dali, they turned to attack the Southern Song Dynasty;

In 1274, the Yuan Dynasty (the former great Mongolia) set up Yunnan and other places in Dali. After the establishment of xingzhongshu Province, the military jurisdiction of wanhu, Qianhu and Baihu was cut off, and administrative regions at all levels such as roads, prefectures, counties were set up. At the same time, the surrounding territories of former Dali were pacified;

In the 25th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1288), Yuanjiang road was set up in the twelve Branches of the southern Chu Fu, including compass, Malong, Buri, Simo, luochou, Luotuo, Buteng, Bujie, Taiwei, Taiyang, Shiqi and Youtuo;

In the 26th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1289), Mu Lian Lu and Yinsha Luodian were set up in the south of Yongchang mansion in the former Dali state. Today, the north part of Pu'er belongs to Weichu Lu, the south central part belongs to Yuanjiang Lu, the southwest part (West of Lancang River) belongs to Mu Lian Lu and Yinsha Luodian, and the south part belongs to "Meng" (Jinglong state).

In the second year of Tianli (1329), Mulian road and Yinsha Luodian were merged into Yinsha Luodian and other Xuanwei prefectures;

In the third year of Zhizheng (1343), the "mengmaolong" (Luchuan state in Chinese) in the Ruili River Valley defeated the yuan army, and the Dai local officials of Weichu Road, such as the local magistrate of Jingdong military and civilian government, were attached to the "mengmaolong";

In the eighth year of Zhizheng (1348), "mengmaolong" annexed Marshal mansion of xuanweisidu in Luodian, Yinsha. Today, Mojiang, Ning'er, Jiangcheng and other places in Pu'er City belong to Yuanjiang Road, Simao belongs to "Mengluo" (Jinglong state), Jingdong, Zhenyuan, Jinggu, Lancang, Menglian, Ximeng belong to "mengmaolong" (Luchuan state).

In 1382, the Ming Dynasty took over Yunnan one after another and set up Jingdong Prefecture, Weiyuan Prefecture, Yuanjiang Prefecture, Cheli military and civilian Prefecture and other administrative regions.

In 1384, mengmaolong (Luchuan state) turned to Ming Dynasty and established Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi. Jingdong Prefecture was changed into Jingdong Prefecture, Weiyuan Prefecture into Weiyuan Prefecture, and Cheli Junmin Prefecture into Cheli xuanweisi. Today, Jingdong and Zhenyuan in Pu'er City belong to Jingdong Prefecture, Jinggu to Weiyuan Prefecture, Mojiang, Middle East of Jiangcheng and east of Ning'er belong to Yuanjiang Prefecture, Simao, west of Ning'er and west of Jiangcheng The Ministry is subordinate to Cheli Xuanwei department, and Menglian, Lancang and Ximeng are subordinate to Luchuan pingmian Xuanwei department.

In 1385, mengmaolong (Luchuan state) occupied Jingdong mansion and Weiyuan mansion;

In 1388, "mengmaolong" made peace with the Ming Dynasty after its military defeat. In the Ming Dynasty, Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi was still set up, and its occupation of Jingdong and Weiyuan Fu was acknowledged. Today, Ximeng, Lancang, Menglian, Jinggu, Jingdong, Zhenyuan and the north of Mojiang belong to Luchuan pingmian xuanweisi, while the central and south of Mojiang, the middle and east of Jiangcheng and the east of Ning'er belong to Yuanjiang Fu Mao, the west of Ning'er and the west of Jiangcheng belong to Cheli Xuanwei department.

In 1950, Ning'er special district was established, and the special office was located in Ning'er county. It has jurisdiction over 15 counties including Ning'er, Simao, Liushun, Cheli, Fohai, Nanqiao, Zhenyue (zhuyiwu), Lancang (zhumnai), Jinggu (Weiyuan), Jingdong (Jinping), Zhenyuan (Enle), Mojiang (Jiulian), Jiangcheng (menglie), Ningjiang (mengwang) and Cangyuan (Mengdong).

In 1951, Ning'er district was renamed Pu'er District, and Ning'er county was renamed Pu'er county. Pu'er Prefecture governs 15 counties.

In 1955, after Pu'er special office moved to Simao, it was renamed Simao special area (located in Fuxing town).

In 1970, Simao district was renamed Simao District, and the district was located in Simao Town, Pu'er county (formerly Fuxing town). It has jurisdiction over five counties, including Pu'er (in Ning'er town), Jingdong (in Jinping Town), Zhenyuan (in xiaguanyin of yinban town), Jinggu (in Dajie town), Mojiang (in Jiulian town), Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County (in menglie town), Lancang Lahu Autonomous County (in menglang town), Menglian Dai Lahu and Wa Autonomous County (in menglianchengzi town) and Ximeng Wa Autonomous County (in Ximeng town) And other 4 autonomous counties.

On October 30, 2003, Simao district was abolished and a prefecture level Simao City was established. Simao Prefecture and county-level Simao City were abolished and prefecture level Simao City was established. The Municipal People's government is located in Yueyue Road, Simao Town, Cuiyun district.

Simao City set up Cuiyun District, the former county-level administrative region of Simao City as the administrative region of Cuiyun District, the District People's Government in Simao town guojielou road.

The prefecture level Simao City governs the former Simao Prefecture's Pu'er Hani Yi Autonomous County, Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, Jingdong Yi Autonomous County, Zhenyuan Yi Hani Lahu Autonomous County, Jinggu Dai Yi Autonomous County, Jiangcheng Hani Yi Autonomous County, Lancang Lahu Autonomous County, Menglian Dai Lahu Wa Autonomous County, Ximeng Wa Autonomous County and the newly established Cuiyun district.

On January 20, 2006, the Ministry of Civil Affairs officially approved the adjustment of township administrative divisions in Simao City.

On January 21, 2007, the State Council approved the renaming of Simao City in Yunnan Province as Pu'er City in Yunnan Province.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 1952, Cangyuan County was divided into the special area of Mianning. Lancang County moved to menglangba. Pu'er Prefecture governs 14 counties.

In 1953, Cheli, Zhenyue, Fohai and Nanqiao counties were assigned to Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture. Liushun county was abolished and merged into Simao County; Ningjiang county was abolished and mengwang and Ankang districts were assigned to Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Region; Yakou and xinyingpan districts were assigned to Lancang Lahu autonomous region.

On April 7, 1953, Lancang Lahu autonomous region was established in some areas of Lancang County. Simao District

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Pu Er Shi