Changdu City, Tibet Autonomous Region

Qamdo, a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Tibet Autonomous Region of the people's Republic of China, is located in the Hengduan Mountains and the three rivers (Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang River) basin. It is located in the east of Tibet. It faces Sichuan Province across the river in the East, Myanmar and Yunnan in the southeast, and Qinghai Province in the north. It is the east gate of Tibet Autonomous Region. It is a necessary place for Sichuan Tibet highway and Yunnan Tibet highway. It is also the "tea horse ancient city" It is the important place of "Tao". With Qamdo as the center, it faces Sichuan Province in the East, Yunnan Province in the southeast, Linzhi city in Tibet in the southwest, Naqu city in Tibet in the northwest, Qinghai Province in the north and Lhasa, the capital of Tibet Autonomous Region in the West. It is in a pivotal position of business exchanges and is known as the "Pearl of eastern Tibet".

Changdu city was called "Kang" or "Ke Mu" in ancient times. In the Tang Dynasty, Changdu city was a part of the Tubo kingdom. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was called kangzang area. The former Tibetan government called it "duokangmu" area, and now it is a prefecture level city of Tibet Autonomous Region.

In 2019, the city's GDP will reach 22.096 billion yuan, the investment in fixed assets will increase by 14.5% year on year, and the total retail sales of social consumer goods will reach 6.185 billion yuan, an increase of 10.4% year on year.

In June 2020, the Central Committee for the rule of law was selected as the first batch of national government construction demonstration areas and projects.

On December 22, 2020, the second Changdu Committee of the Communist Party of China held its first plenary meeting in the multi-function hall on the first floor of Changdu administrative center.

Historical evolution

Located in the mountains, Changdu city is known as the gateway to Tibet from Sichuan and Yunnan. Changdu is a Tibetan language, which means "water confluence". Zhaqu and angqu meet in Changdu to form Lancang River, which is also the origin of the name of Changdu.

In ancient times, Changdu was called "Kang" or "Ke Mu" to distinguish it from Wei, Zang, Ali and other areas. Changdu has a long history. The Neolithic sites, the karuo site and the xiaoenda site, discovered in 1977 and 1980 respectively, show that human beings had already multiplied and formed primary villages as early as 5000 years ago. Local residents have begun to grow millet which is easy to grow, raise pigs which have wide adaptability, and at the same time, hunt foxes, green sheep and red deer as supplement. Chaya area in Changdu is the area where Gesar and jiongba fought for salt as described in the Tibetan epic "King Gesar". According to the traditional Tibetan geographical concept, it is also chawagang in "DUOKANG Liugang", a famous salt producing area. Archaeological discoveries and on-the-spot investigation can also find that many local residents are said to be stone walls, stone steps and other architectural sites left by the "jiongba" people.

During the Tubo Period (7th-9th century), Changdu was the seat of the famous "dongnu kingdom" and the kingdom of Supi. According to the records of Nanman and xinanman biography in volume 197 of the old book of the Tang Dynasty, "dongnu kingdom is another name of Xiqiang. There is a woman kingdom in the West Sea, so it is called dongnu Yan. Women are regarded as the king. It connects Maozhou and Dangxiang in the East, Yazhou in the southeast, and luonvman and bailangyi in the boundary. Nine days from east to west and 22 days from north to south. There are more than 80 cities, big and small. The king lives in kangyanchuan, where the weak water flows to the south. He uses cowhide as a boat to ferry Mr. Ren Naiqiang, a famous Tibetan scholar in China, also said that today's Changdu area is the political, economic and cultural center of the Eastern women's country. In Changdu, we can also see traces of the culture of the Eastern women's kingdom of Tubo and the kingdom of Supi.

In the 13th century, after the Yuan Dynasty brought Tibet into the territory of Mongolia and Yuan Dynasty, the Marshal's office of duogansi mission was set up in Changdu and Ganzi, Sichuan.

In the Ming Dynasty, the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism rose, and its influence gradually penetrated into Kham District, forming a number of Hutuktu - reincarnation system of the great living Buddha in Qamdo. In the Ming Dynasty, the government set up the command department of duogandu, and appointed the tribal chiefs and the big heads and lamas to manage the temples. At the end of Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Changdu was also ruled by Gushi Khan after the Tusi of Gushi Khan in Heshuote tribe of Mongolia.

In the Qing Dynasty (1616-1911), a number of living Buddhas and chieftains were appointed in this area to administer their respective areas, and they were under the control of the ministers stationed in Tibet and the Dalai Lama. The Qing Dynasty also set up a grain depot in Changdu, and appointed civil and military officials such as Liangtai and guerrillas to garrison Changdu. 130 soldiers were sent from Sichuan and Yunnan to garrison Changdu, passing the edicts and memorials to protect the great living Buddha of Changdu temple and Liangtai. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Erfeng carried out the reform of land to flow in some places of Changdu area, and Changdu area was renamed chuanbian.

After the Republic of China (1912), it was a part of Xikang province.

In 1918, the local government of Tibet renamed it duomai area and established "duomai Jiqiao" to divide Changdu into 25 sects.

On October 19, 1950, the people's Liberation Committee of Changdu district was established, and it has three jurisdiction areas, namely, 13 cases directly under the jurisdiction of the Changdu Liberation Committee, 10 cases under the jurisdiction of the first office of the 39 nationality region, 3 cases under the jurisdiction of the second office of the Bomi region, and 28 cases under the jurisdiction of the Administrative Council of the Central People's government.

After the establishment of the Preparatory Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region in 1955, the Changdu district was under its jurisdiction, and the Changdu district administrative office was set up in early 1960. The regional administrative office is located in Changdu town.

In October 2014, the State Council approved the abolition of Changdu district and Changdu County, and set up prefecture level Changdu and karuo districts, with the former administrative region of Changdu as the administrative region of Changdu.

administrative division

evolution

In October 1950, Changdu was liberated, and Changdu, Chaya, Basu, leiwuqi, Zuogong and sangangqu were directly changed from Zong to Xian. A total of 13 counties are under the jurisdiction of Changdu District, and the office of the Commissioner is located in Changdu county.

In September 1959, Bomi and Jiali were put under the jurisdiction of tower workers (Linzhi). At this time, the Changdu district had jurisdiction over 12 counties.

In September 1962, the office meeting of Changdu Commissioner's office adjusted the administrative divisions of each county. The 12 counties in the region are divided into 94 districts, one town (Chengguan Town, Changdu county) and 472 townships.

In May 1964, when the Preparatory Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region adjusted its administrative divisions, it decided to put Bomi County, which belongs to Linzhi Prefecture, under the jurisdiction of Changdu Prefecture, taking into account the living habits of the people in different regions, the number of people, the area under its jurisdiction, and transportation and other factors. At this time, the number of counties under the jurisdiction of Changdu district was restored to 13.

In September 1965, after the establishment of the Tibet Autonomous Region, in order to respect the people's original customary address, the State Council approved the renaming of tranquility County to Mangkang County in November.

In February 1966, with the approval of the State Council, sangangqu county was renamed Chayu county.

In 1970, Changdu district was changed into Changdu District, and the district was located in Changdu county. Luolong County moved from Luolong to zituo; Bianba County moved from Bianba to dongmasi in caoka district (6 km away from caoka District). Changdu Prefecture governs 13 counties, including Changdu, Gongjue (in Moluo), Zuogong (in Yazhong), Chayu (in Jigong), Luolong (in zituo), Dingqing, Bomi (in Zhumu), Jiangda, Chaya (in yanduo), Mangkang (in gatuo), Basu (in Baima), Bianba (in dongmasi), leiwuqi, etc.

In 1971, Zuogong County moved from Yazhong to Wangda.

In 1975, leiwuqi County moved from leiwuqi to rezaka. Changdu governs 13 counties, including Changdu, Gongjue (in Moluo), Zuogong (in Wangda), Chayu (in Jigong), Luolong (in zituo), Dingqing, Bomi (in Kumu), Jiangda, Chaya (in yanduo), Mangkang (in gatuo), Basu (in Baima), Bianba (in dongmasi), leiwuqi (in rezaka).

In January 1986, after the restoration of Linzhi District, with the approval of the State Council, Bomi and Chayu counties in Changdu district were assigned to Linzhi district.

According to the report on the adjustment of administrative divisions and the establishment of new counties in Mangkang, Jiangda, Changdu, Dingqing and other counties issued by the CPC Changdu prefectural committee and Changdu regional Revolutionary Committee on December 30, 1973. On June 16, 1979, the Revolutionary Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region agreed to set up four new counties, Yanjing, Shengda, Bitu and Toba, in Changdu Prefecture, taking into account the historical habits of the masses, natural conditions, geographical environment and other factors, on the principle of being conducive to leadership, production development, border stability and strengthening construction, and submitted them to the State Council for approval. At this time, Changdu had jurisdiction over 15 counties. Although the above four counties were newly built with the approval of the State Council in October 1983, they have not yet been established for some reasons. Therefore, there are actually 11 counties and 90 districts and towns in Changdu area.

Since March 1987, the administrative divisions of towns and townships have been adjusted to retain 13 districts. Changdu has 159 townships, 9 towns and 1622 administrative villages.

In 1997, the regional administrative office was located in Chengguan Town, Changdu county. It governs 11 counties of Changdu, Mangkang, Gongjue, Basu, Zuogong, Bianba, Luolong, Jiangda, leiwuqi, Dingqing and Chaya.

In May 1999, with the approval of the people's Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Changdu again adjusted the administrative divisions of some towns. The original reserved 13 county districts were withdrawn and 24 towns and 118 townships (including 1 ethnic township) were established.

In November 2013, the people's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region formally submitted to the State Council the request for instructions on canceling the establishment of Changdu city in Changdu region, and the work of withdrawing land to establish a city was carried out smoothly.

In October 2014, the State Council approved the abolition of Changdu region and the establishment of prefecture level Changdu city. The former administrative region of Changdu county is the administrative region of karuo District in Changdu city. The people's Government of karuo district is located at No. 259, middle Changdu Road, Chengguan town.

Zoning details

As of November 2014, Changdu city had jurisdiction over Jiangda County, Gongjue County, leiwuqi County, Dingqing County, Chaya County, Basu County, Zuogong County, Mangkang County, Luolong County, Bianba county and the newly established karuo district. That is, one district and ten counties, including 2 counties

Chinese PinYin : Xi Cang Zi Zhi Qu Chang Dou Shi