Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province

Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Tibetan Name: Tibetan Name: Tibetan Name: ཡ3937;3956;3956;3940;3956;3956;3956;3956;3956;3956;ུ?ུུ3956;3956;39393956;?393956;3939393956?39263926;髠཯ཁཁཁཁཁཁཁུུ\\ུ\ུུ\\\\it is one of the three prefecture level administrative regions, which means "site" in Tibetan. It is the first autonomous prefecture of ethnic minorities in Qinghai Province and the second autonomous prefecture of ethnic minorities in China. The terrain is high in the north and south, low in the middle and high in the West It has a typical alpine climate. With a total area of 267000 square kilometers, the prefecture governs one city and five counties, with a total population of 409500 in 2017.

Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has unique plateau natural landscape and folk customs, Yushu songs and dances, Tibetan costumes and unique customs and customs, Princess Wencheng temple and Buddhist temples of many sects, statues of zongkaba Buddha in Jiana Mani stone mound and Gangcha temple in Xinzhai, and three national nature reserves of "Three River source", longbaotan and Kekexili. There are more than 40 scenic spots for tourism in the prefecture. Yushu's folk customs have unique charm. There is a grand Yushu horse racing festival.

In 2017, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture achieved a regional GDP of 6.438 billion yuan, an increase of 1.0% over the previous year at comparable prices, and a per capita GDP of 15798.13 yuan. By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 2.785 billion yuan, an increase of 4.1% over the previous year; the added value of the secondary industry was 2.271 billion yuan, a decrease of 6% over the previous year; the added value of the tertiary industry was 1.382 billion yuan, an increase of 7.1% over the previous year. On December 29, 2018, it was named the Sixth Batch of national demonstration areas (units) for national unity and progress by the National People's commission.

Historical evolution

Yushu was a yak farm for the Western Qiang people in ancient times; it belonged to the kingdom of Supi in the Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties.

The Sui Dynasty was known as the "women's kingdom". Before and after the Sui Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Supi and Duomi. In the Tang Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of sun Bolu of Tuban. In the Song Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Nangqian of Lizhou. In the yuan Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of xuanweisi of Tubo.

In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, the head of Yushu's various departments was Qinghai Mongolia Heshuote department, and the nobility was zhutaiji; in the Qing Dynasty, it was under the direct jurisdiction of the Minister of Qinghai affairs. It was a territory of thousands of households in Nangqian, under which there were hundreds of independent chiefs and other tribes.

At the beginning of the Republic of China, he was an official of Qinghai Province, a Xuanwei envoy of Mengfan and a garrison envoy of Ninghai in Gansu Province. In 1917, Yushu was set up as a director, and in 1929, it was changed to Yushu County, which governs the whole territory of the present Autonomous Prefecture. Yushu County, Nangqian county and Chengduo county are set up under the jurisdiction of Yushu administrative inspector's office, and the system of thousands of households under the county is the same as before.

In October 1949, the office of the special commissioner of the military and political Commission of the people's Liberation Army of Qinghai Province in Yushu was established.

In 1949, Yushu district was set up, with a special office in Yushu county. It has jurisdiction over Yushu (in Jiegu), Chengduo (in Zhoujun) and Nangqian (in Xiangda).

On December 25, 1951, Yushu prefecture was changed into Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Region, with jurisdiction over two counties, Chengduo and Nangqian. In 1952, the system of Yushu county was restored under the leadership of Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Region. Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Region governs three counties.

In 1953, zhadoo county was established by the merger of Yushu and Nangqian counties in the western region, with four counties under its jurisdiction.

In 1954, the original zhadoo county was changed into Zaduo county (located in Yushu, Japan); Zhiduo county (located in jiajibolog) was set up in some areas of Yushu county; qumalai county was set up in qumalai District, which was originally directly under the provincial government, and was included in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Region; it has jurisdiction over 6 counties.

In 1955, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Region was re established as Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and the people's Committee of Yushu prefecture was stationed in Yushu County, with jurisdiction over Yushu, Nangqian, Chengduo, Zaduo, qumalai and Zhiduo counties.

In 1959, Jiangnan county was set up in Yushu, Nangqian, Zaduo and Zhiduo counties, and Tianhe county was set up in Chengduo and Zhiduo counties, and 8 counties were administrated.

In 1960, Jiangnan County moved from Jiangnan ganningsheng to jiezong.

In 1962, Jiangnan county was abolished and merged into Yushu county; Tianhe county was abolished and merged into Chengduo and qumalai counties; Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture governs Yushu (in Jiegu), Chengduo (in Zhoujun), Nangqian (in Xiangda), Zaduo (in yujapan), Zhiduo (in jiajibolog) and qumalai (in sewugou).

On July 3, 2013, with the approval of the State Council, it was agreed to abolish Yushu county and establish Yushu city at the county level, with the former administrative region of Yushu County as the administrative region of Yushu city. Yushu city is under the jurisdiction of Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

administrative division

By the end of 2016, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture had jurisdiction over Yushu City, Chengduo County, Nangqian County, Zaduo County, Zhiduo county and qumalai County, 11 towns, 34 townships and 258 Village (animal husbandry) committees. Yushu people's government is located in Yushu city.

geographical environment

Location context

Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located at the source of three rivers in the hinterland of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the southwest of Qinghai Province. The total area of the prefecture is 267000 square kilometers, and its geographical coordinates are 89 ° 27 ′ - 97 ° 39 ′ E and 31 ° 45 ′ - 36 ° 10 ′ n. It is connected with the Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Haixi in the north, with a boundary line of 724 kilometers. The northwest is bordered by Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang, with a boundary line of 180 km. It is interconnected with Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the East, with a boundary line of 240.6 km. In the southeast, it is adjacent to Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, with a boundary line of 176 km. The southwest of China is at the junction of Changdu and Naqu regions of Tibet Autonomous Prefecture, with a total length of 2385.85 km.

topographic features

Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is adjacent to Kunlun Mountains and Bayankala mountains in the north, Tanggula mountains in the south, high mountains and valleys in Western Sichuan in the East and Northern Tibet Plateau in the West. It is the birthplace of the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River. The general terrain is held by two mountains, high in the north and south, low in the middle, high in the West and low in the East. The whole Prefecture is divided into four geomorphic areas: the high plain area at the source of the Yangtze River, the high mountain area of Tanggula Mountain, the original area of Bayankala mountain and the high mountain area of Kunlun stone accumulation, with the former three areas being the main ones. Periglacial landforms are very developed, accounting for more than 70% of the total area, with strong freeze-thaw effect. From the southeast to the northwest, it is arranged in the order of high mountain gorge plateau mountain low mountain wide valley hilly mountain, forming the landform of high mountain, deep ditch, large beach and wide valley. The vast areas in the central, Western and northern regions are mostly mountainous and undisturbed, with little fluctuation, dominated by low mountains and hills, wide valleys, lake basins and beaches; to the East and south of the central region are high mountains and high mountain valleys. The average altitude of the prefecture is more than 4200 meters. The highest peak is bukadaban peak, with an altitude of 6860 meters. The lowest peak is on the Jinsha River, with an altitude of 3335 meters. The altitude of most areas is between 4000-5000 meters.

climate

Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is a typical alpine climate with towering terrain, complex terrain, changeable climate and harsh environment. Located in the middle latitudes, because the altitude reaches 1 / 3 of the troposphere, or even higher, which is larger than the critical scale of the planetary system corresponding to the earth's rotation, it has a great impact on the atmospheric circulation and forms a unique climate condition. Yushu is a long sunshine area with strong solar radiation, many sunshine days and abundant light energy. The distribution trend of annual sunshine hours is less than 2500 hours in the east of Chengduo, Yushu and xiaxiaxiu, less than 2500 hours in the middle except miscellaneous belt, and 2500-2700 hours in other areas, and more than 2700 hours in the west of Moyun, Zhahe, sewugou and north of Madou.

hydrology

The rivers in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture are divided into internal rivers and external rivers. The inland rivers are mainly distributed in the northwest area, which are centripetal systems. The rivers are short and flow to inland lakes. The outflow river has three water systems: the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lancang River, with a total drainage area of 237960.7 square kilometers. The main rivers of the Yangtze River system are Tongtian River, Tuotuo River, Dangqu River (akdamu River), Buqu River (Baidu River), gaerqu River (delechuka River), Dongqu River, chumar River, ranchiqu River, Moqu River, yagequ River, Beilu River, kouqianqu River, sewuqu River, nieqiaqu River, dengeju River, Dequ River, Xiqu River, Yiqu River, Batang River and Yajiang River (Zhaqu) The main rivers of Lancang River system are Zhaqu, ziqu, Jiqu, Baqu, requ, aqu, zaaqu, gasha River, budangqu and caoqu; the main rivers of neiliu river system are zengsongqu, qieqazangbu, paoniuhe and KUSAI. There are many lakes in Yushu prefecture. There are 287 salty and fresh water lakes (excluding the Yellow River Basin) with an area of more than 1 square kilometer, with an area of 3531.34 square kilometers.

natural resources

mineral resources

The mineral resources in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture are mainly ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, precious metals, rare metals, fuels, chemical raw materials and other non-metals. There are 261 preliminarily proved mineral resources, mainly including more than 40 kinds of gold, silver, copper, iron, coal, lead and zinc, sulfur, crystal and jade, with a total reserve of 30 billion tons. Nangqian county is rich in salt.

Animal resources

Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture inhabits a variety of rare birds and animals, mainly including white lipped deer, red deer, musk deer, Tibetan wild donkey, bison, Tibetan antelope, yellow sheep, rock sheep, argali, snow leopard, brown bear, lynx, black necked Crane, Tibetan red pheasant, snow pheasant, swan, etc. There are 7 species belonging to the first class of national protected animals and 14 species belonging to the second class of national protected animals. Black necked Crane is the most dominant bird in Yushu area, which is mainly distributed in longbaotan National Nature Reserve and large marshes in the West. From the perspective of ecological geography, the distribution of wildlife in Yushu can be summarized into four ecological groups, namely Alpine desert, semi desert group, alpine meadow grassland group

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Yu Shu Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou