Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province

Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture is located in the southeast of Guizhou Province. Under the jurisdiction of 16 counties and cities, Kaili City, the state capital. The prefecture governs 1 city of Kaili, 15 counties of Majiang, Danzhai, Huangping, Shibing, Zhenyuan, cengong, Sansui, Tianzhu, Jinping, Liping, Congjiang, Rongjiang, Leishan, Taijiang and Jianhe, and 10 provincial economic development zones of Kaili, Lubi, Jinzhong, luoguan, Qiandong, Taijiang, Sansui, cengong, Jinping and Liping. There are 7 streets, 94 towns and 110 townships (including 17 ethnic townships). The 33 ethnic groups living in Miao nationality, Dong, Han, Buyi, Shui, Yao, Zhuang and Tujia, and 3 million 485 thousand and 400 people in the end of 2015, 4 million 735 thousand and 400 of the registered residence population, and 80.2% of the total population of the ethnic minorities, of which the Miao population accounts for 42.7% and the Dong population 29.9%.

Southeast Guizhou covers a total area of 30282.34 square kilometers, 220 kilometers from east to west and 240 kilometers from south to north. The terrain is high in the West and low in the East. It inclines from the west to the north, East and south. The highest altitude is 2178 meters, and the lowest is 137 meters. It has been said that "nine mountains, half water, half farmland". There are ravines, mountains, cliffs and peaks in the territory. The original ecology is well preserved. There are Leigong Mountain, Yuntai Mountain, Fuding mountain and other original forests in the territory. There are 29 original vegetation reserves and nature reserves, among which Leigong Mountain Nature Reserve is the National Nature Reserve.

In December 2019, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission named Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture as "national demonstration Prefecture of national unity and progress".

In June 2020, the Central Committee for the rule of law was selected as the first batch of national government construction demonstration areas and projects.

Historical evolution

The Qin Dynasty belonged to Qianzhong county and Xiangjun county.

In the Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to Wuling county and Zhuo county.

In the Sui Dynasty, it belonged to Yao county, Yuanling County and public security county.

In the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to the middle of Guizhou Province. There were Jimi states such as Chongzhou, Yingzhou and Liangzhou, and Jingzhi states such as Zhenzhou.

Song Dynasty belonged to Jinghu North Road, Kuizhou road and Guangnan Road, with qiongshui County, Anyi County, Liangzhou, Guzhou and other Jimi states.

In the Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to the Xuanwei Department of Bozhou in Sichuan Province and the Xuanwei Department of Sizhou in Huguang province. There were maxia County, Huangping Prefecture, Zhenyuan military and civilian general office and Guzhou 80000 Dongmin general office.

In the Hongwu year of Ming Dynasty, there were eight guards in Zhenyuan, Qinglang, Tonggu, wukai, Pianqiao, Guzhou, Qingping and Xinglong; in the 11th year of Yongle (1413), xuanweisi was abolished, and four prefectures in Sizhou, Zhenyuan, Liping and Xinhua were set up, which were subordinate to the minister of Guizhou; in the 9th year of Xuande (1434), Huafu was removed and merged into Liping Prefecture; in the 9th year of Zhengtong (1444), Shibing and yongcong counties were set up; in the 7th year of Hongzhi (1494), two prefectures were set up Maha Prefecture and Qingping county were established in Zhenyuan County in 1498, Tianzhu County in 1597 and huangpingzhou in 1600.

In the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Zhenyuan, Pianqiao and Qingping were merged into Zhenyuan, Shibing and Qingping counties respectively; Xinglong Wei was merged into Huangping Prefecture; in the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), wukai, Tonggu and Qinglang were changed into Kaitai, Jinping and Qingxi counties; from the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729) to the eleventh year of Yongzheng (1733), bazhai, Danjiang, Qingjiang, Guzhou and Taigong were successively established, belonging to Zhenyuan, Liping and Duyun In 1771, Xiajiang hall was set up under the jurisdiction of Liping Prefecture.

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the government, prefecture and department were changed into counties, with 18 counties including Zhenyuan, Shibing, Qingxi, Sixian, qiongshui, Tianzhu, Jinping, Liping, Xiajiang, yongcong, Rongjiang, Danjiang, Taigong, Jianhe, Huangping, Lushan, bazhai and Maha.

In 1914, qiandongdao was set up to govern Zhenyuan and lead Zhenyuan, qiongshui and other 26 counties.

In 1923, Dao was abolished, and each county directly belongs to the province.

In 1930, Si county changed its name to cengong county. In 1931, Maha county changed its name to Majiang county.

In 1935, 11 administrative supervision districts were established in the whole province. Among them, the eighth administrative supervision District Commissioner Office was located in Zhenyuan, and the tenth administrative supervision District Commissioner Office was located in Liping. After two adjustments in 1936 and 1937, the former tenth administrative supervision district was abolished, and the former eighth administrative supervision district was changed into the first administrative supervision district (still located in Zhenyuan).

In 1941, Qingxi county was merged into Zhenyuan County, and Danjiang county was merged into bazhai county. Bazhai county changed its name to Danzhai county. The land to the east of Danjiang River was merged into Taigong County, and Taigong county was renamed Taijiang county.

In 1944, Leishan county was established in Danjiang County, and in 1948, it was changed to Leishan county.

On April 18, 1956, Zhenyuan special region was abolished and Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture was established. Yuqing County, the former Zhenyuan special region, was assigned to Zunyi special region. Majiang, Danzhai, Liping, Congjiang and Rongjiang counties in Duyun special region were assigned to Qiandongnan Autonomous Prefecture. The Autonomous Prefecture governs 16 counties and the people's Government of the prefecture is stationed in Kaili. On July 23, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture was officially established.

In December 1958, the administrative division was adjusted. Danzhai, Majiang, Lushan and Leishan counties were merged to build Kaili county. Taijiang county was merged into Jianhe county. Congjiang County was merged into Rongjiang county. Shibing county was merged into Huangping county. Cengong county and Sansui county were merged into Zhenyuan County. Tianzhu County was merged into Jinping County.

In August 1961 and October 1962, Tianzhu, Congjiang, Leishan and Majiang counties and Shibing, Sansui, cengong, Taijiang and Danzhai counties were restored. The Autonomous Prefecture still governs 16 counties.

In August 1983, the State Council approved the abolition of Kaili county and the establishment of Kaili city. Since then, Qiandongnan autonomous prefecture has jurisdiction over one city and 15 counties.

administrative division

Qiandongnan Prefecture governs 16 county-level administrative divisions (county-level city 1, county 15) and 215 township level administrative divisions (street 26, town 129, township 60). It covers an area of 30339 square kilometers and has a population of 4.61 million. The people's Government of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture is located in Kaili city.

geographical environment

Location context

Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture is located in the southeast of Guizhou Province. It spans 107 ° 17 ′ 20 ″ - 109 ° 35 ′ 24 ″ e longitude and 25 ° 19 ′ 20 ″ - 27 ° 31 ′ 40 ″ N latitude. It is adjacent to Huaihua in Hunan Province in the East, Liuzhou and Hechi in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in the south, Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in the West and Zunyi and Tongren in the north. It is 220 kilometers wide from east to west, 240 kilometers long from north to south, and 160 kilometers away from Guiyang, the provincial capital, in the West.

Geology and geomorphology

Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture is located in the transition zone from Yunnan Guizhou Plateau to Hunan Guangxi Hilly Basin. According to the formation rocks and geological exogenous forces, the territory can be divided into karst landform area and denudation and erosion landform area. The northwest of the line from Zhenyuan to Kaili belongs to karst landform area. The common landform forms include peak cluster, peak forest, stone forest, karst cave, karst depression, Tianshengqiao, underground river, etc. The southeastern part of the line from Zhenyuan to Kaili belongs to denudation and erosion landform area, which is mainly composed of clastic rocks. The mountains are large and deeply cut, and often form ridged mountains. The overall terrain of the state is high in the north, West and South and low in the East. The Leigong Mountain Area in the middle and the moon mountain area in the south are middle mountain areas, the hilly low and middle mountain areas in the West and northwest, and the low and middle mountain, low mountain, hills and basins in the East and Southeast. Most of the area is 500-1000 meters above sea level. The highest point is Huangyang mountain, the main peak of Leigong Mountain, with an altitude of 2178.8 meters. The lowest point is at the exit of Shuikou River in jinglang village, Diping Township, Liping County, with an altitude of 137 meters. The main peaks are Leigong Mountain, Lengzhu mountain, nandaopo mountain, Fuding mountain, Jiaoding mountain, Xianglu mountain, longtouyan mountain, Laoshan Mountain, Qingshan mountain, Niujiao mountain, Tianziling mountain, Gaoyue mountain, maobiling mountain, Yueyue mountain, Kongming mountain, etc.

Land and soil

The land area of Qiandongnan Prefecture is 3028234.11 hectares, accounting for 17.2% of the total land area of the whole province. In the total land area of the prefecture, there are 427422.58 hectares of cultivated land, accounting for 14.12%; 27312.5 hectares of garden land, accounting for 0.9%; 2042277.28 hectares of forest land, accounting for 67.44%; 218658.29 hectares of pasture land, accounting for 7.22%; 59786.58 hectares of urban and rural land, industrial and mining land, accounting for 1.97%; 26737.75 hectares of transportation land, accounting for 0.88%; 46086.21 hectares of water area and water conservancy facilities, accounting for 1.52%; and 179952.92% of other land Ha, accounting for 5.95%.

There are 11 soil classes, 26 soil subclasses, 6 soil genera and 222 soil species in the Autonomous Prefecture, which belong to 7 soil classes. Among them, the red soil area is 4669200 mu, accounting for 10.26% of the total area of the prefecture; the yellow soil area is 28328000 mu, accounting for 62.32% of the total area of the prefecture; the yellow brown soil area is 533500 mu, accounting for 1.17% of the total area of the prefecture; the purple soil area is 502400 mu, accounting for 1.10% of the total area of the prefecture; the black lime soil area is 4568700 mu, accounting for 10.04% of the total area of the prefecture; the paddy soil area is 2531900 mu 5.56% of the total area of the prefecture; other soil 4.3783 million mu, accounting for 9.55% of the total area of the prefecture.

climate

Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture belongs to the subtropical monsoon humid climate zone, which has the characteristics of no severe cold in winter, no severe heat in summer and hot rain in the same season. The annual average temperature is 14-18 ℃. Coldest month（

Chinese PinYin : Gui Zhou Sheng Qian Dong Nan Miao Zu Dong Zu Zi Zhi Zhou