Changsha City, Hunan Province

Changsha, also known as Xingcheng, the capital of Hunan Province, is an important central city in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in China approved by the State Council; it is a national pilot area for comprehensive reform of "two oriented society", an important grain production base in China, and an important node city in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration and the Yangtze River economic belt. It is also a comprehensive transportation hub and a national logistics hub. Beijing Guangzhou high speed railway, Shanghai Kunming high speed railway and Chongqing Xiamen high speed railway meet here.

Changsha is located in Central China, the lower reaches of Xiangjiang River, the western edge of Changliu basin and the north of eastern Hunan. It is adjacent to Yichun and Pingxiang in Jiangxi Province in the East, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan in the south, Loudi and Yiyang in the West and Yueyang and Yiyang in the north. As of 2019, the city has six districts, one county and two county-level cities under its jurisdiction, with a total area of 11819 square kilometers, a built-up area of 567.32 square kilometers, a total resident population of 8.3945 million, an urbanization rate of 79.56%, and a permanent migrant population of 2 million.

Changsha is one of the first batch of national historical and cultural cities, known as "the hometown of qujia", "the famous city of Chu and Han", "Xiaoxiang Zhusi". There are Mawangdui Han tomb, Siyang fangzun, Wu bamboo slips of the Three Kingdoms, Yuelu Academy, Tongguan kiln and other historical sites. The Hunan culture of "pragmatism, eclecticism" is condensed. Changsha is not only one of the birthplaces of the reform movement and the old democratic revolution in the late Qing Dynasty, but also one of the birthplaces of the new democracy.

Changsha is the best international image city in China (mainland), the cultural capital of East Asia, and the "media art capital" of the world. We have created such cultural brands as "TV Xiang army", "publishing Xiang army" and "animation Xiang army". Changsha has 51 colleges and universities, 97 independent scientific research institutions, 73 academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 14 national engineering technology research centers, 15 national key engineering laboratories, and scientific research achievements in hybrid rice breeding, "Tianhe" supercomputer, and the first 3D sintering printer in China.

The historical development of Changsha can be traced back to ancient times. According to archaeological judgment, in the Paleolithic age of 150000-200000 years ago, there were primitive human activities in Changsha area. In the Neolithic age, clans and tribes were formed.

In the Shang Dynasty, Changsha was a branch of Baiyue tribe, belonging to Yangyue.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Changsha belonged to Qianzhong County of Chu state.

In the early Qin Dynasty, Changsha was one of the 36 counties in China. Since then, Changsha has been included in the administrative division of the Central Plains regime, and the county governs Xiang county.

In the Western Han Dynasty, Changsha state was established and Linxiang county was governed. Linxiang, Luo, Liandao, Yiyang, Xiajun, you, Ling, Chengyang, Xiangnan, Zhaoling, Chaling, rongling and Ancheng counties were governed. In the first year of the founding of the people's Republic of China (AD 9), Wang Mang changed Changsha state to fill man county and Linxiang county to fumu county.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Changsha County was restored and fumu county was changed to Linxiang County, which was still under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou. Jurisdiction Linxiang, you, Chaling, Ancheng, Ling, Xiangnan (Hou), Liandao, Zhaoling, Yiyang, Xiajun, Luo, rongling, Liling 13 counties.

The period of the Three Kingdoms belongs to the eastern Wu Dynasty.

In the Wu, Jin and Southern Dynasties, Linxiang County separated from Xiangxi County, which was the first city of Changsha County. From the Song Dynasty, Xiangxi county was the first city of Hengyang County (separated from Changsha County), which was subordinate to Jingzhou or Xiangzhou (< I > in the first year of Yongjia, emperor Huai of the Western Jin Dynasty, that is, 307 ad, it was divided into Jingzhou and Jiangzhou.

In 589 ad, the Sui Dynasty unified China, abolishing the prefectures and counties, changing Changsha County into Tanzhou, and governing Changsha, Hengshan, Yiyang and Shaoyang. Linxiang county (Xiangxi County in Hunan Province) was renamed Changsha County, which was governed by Tanzhou prefecture (< I > in the Sui Dynasty, Tanzhou was changed to Changsha County in Daye three years).

Tangwude three years into the Tang territory; Zhenguan first year set up ten roads, Tanzhou (< I > Tianbao 742, Tanzhou changed to Changsha County, Zhide first year December 15, 758 January 19, changed to Tanzhou) < / I > Jiangnan Road, jurisdiction of Changsha, Hengshan, Liling (< I > Wude four years divided into Changsha County < / I >), Xiangxiang (< I > Wude four years analysis of Hengshan County < / I >), Yiyang, Xinkang (< I > Wude four years analysis of benefits) In seven years, it was incorporated into six counties, including Yiyang County. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan, there were 15 roads. Tanzhou belonged to Jiangnan West Road.

On June 17, the second year of Tiancheng in the late Tang Dynasty (July 18, 927), Ma Yin "took Tanzhou as Changsha house", Changsha as the capital of the state of Chu. In the second year of Guangshun, Taizu of Zhou Dynasty (952), bianhao of Southern Tang dynasty fell into Changsha, and the political center of Hunan moved to Langzhou (Changde).

In February of the first year of Qiande (963), Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty entered the territory of the Song Dynasty. In the third year of Zhidao (997), it was divided into 15 roads in the whole country. Tanzhou was ruled by Jinghu South Road. In 1098, Shanhua county was set up in 5 townships of Changsha County and 2 townships of Xiangtan County, which was attached to Changsha County. Tanzhou governed 12 counties, including Changsha, Shanhua, Liuyang, Ningxiang, Xiangtan, Xiangxiang, Yiyang, Anhua, Xiangyin, Liling, Chaling and you county. Until the early Republic of China, Changsha City was governed by Lu, Zhou and Changshan counties.

On January 18, 1276, Changsha entered the territory of the Yuan Dynasty and set up a pacification department. In the 14th year, Tanzhou province was established. On the 9th of February in the 18th year (February 28, 1281), Tanzhou province was moved to Ezhou, known as Huguang and other places. It was moved to South Lake Road, xuanweisi, to govern Tanzhou road. On the ninth day of March in the second year of Tianli (April 8, 1329), Wenzong changed Tanzhou road to Tianlin road and governed Changsha, Shanhua, Hengshan, Ningxiang and Anhua, Liling, Liuyang, you, Xiangxiang, Xiangtan, Yiyang and Xiangyin, and Changsha and Shanhua counties. In the 24th year of Zhizheng reign of Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty (September 24th, the Jiachen year of Zhu Yuanzhang, king of Wu) (October 19th, 1364), Xu Da led his troops to Tanzhou and changed Tianlin road to be the capital of Tanzhou.

In June of the fifth year of Hongwu, Tanzhou Prefecture changed its name to Changsha Prefecture, which governs Changsha, Shanhua (< I > in the tenth year of Hongwu, it was re established in May of the 13th year, < I >), Xiangyin, Xiangtan, Liuyang (< I > in the second year of Hongwu, it was reduced to county, < I >), Liling, Ningxiang, Yiyang, Xiangxiang, you, Anhua and Chaling Prefecture. The city is still located in Changsha and Shanhua counties, and is under the jurisdiction of Huguang political envoy.

On May 12, 1647, Gao Shijun led his troops into Changsha, which was incorporated into the territory of the Qing Dynasty. Along the Ming Dynasty, Changsha government was established, which was under the jurisdiction of Huguang and still governed 12 prefectures and counties. In the third year of Kangxi (1664), Huguang Province set up the right chief minister and Hunan deputy minister in Changsha, and pianyuan governor moved to Changsha. In 1723, the right Minister of Huguang was changed into the Minister of Hunan. In 1724, the governor of pianyuan was changed to the governor of Hunan (still attached to Huguang). Since then, Changsha has been the capital of Hunan Province. There is Changbao road of salt law in Changsha. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Changsha Fucheng was not only governed by the governor, but also by the three departments of politics, education and law, as well as by the police, industry, salt law and Changbao.

In April of the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Changsha and Shanhua were merged into Changsha Prefecture.

In September of 1913, the government of Changsha was changed into a county, and the government of Changsha was changed into a county.

On June 2, 1914, Hunan Province was divided into four roads. Changsha County belonged to Xiangjiang Road. In 1914, a township was set up in the abandoned capital, and Changsha County has jurisdiction over 7 townships and 11 towns.

In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), Changsha set up a city hall and a municipal office at the end of the year. The provincial capital police department has eight police stations (districts) in the East, South, West, north, outer East, outer south, outer north and commercial port. At that time, Dao was abolished and the county was directly under the province.

On July 27, 1930, the Chinese workers' and peasants' red army invaded Changsha and established the Changsha Soviet government. At the end of the year, Changsha City was divided into six districts: East, South, West, north, waidongte and Shangbu. Under the jurisdiction of 158 Street regiments, the street regiments had a, card and union. Five of them had a union, two of them had a union and 10 of them had a Union.

In May of 1931, the commercial ports entered the western area.

In May of 1933, the commercial ports entered the western district. On August 11, the city and county were divided, and Changsha City was set up in the urban area of Changsha County. The executive yuan of the national government approved the establishment of Changsha City, which is the 14th city set up as an administrative division and the seventh provincial capital with an area of 48.5 square kilometers. On November 3, the league system was abolished.

On April 29th, 1934, Changsha City was divided into four districts, named as one, two, three and four districts according to the order of southeast and northwest. Each district was divided into four districts, each with two to four insurances, a total of 58 insurances, and 40 to 60 households were first class.

In 1938, it was the first administrative supervision district in Hunan Province. On August 11, the 4-level Baojia system was changed to the 3-level Baojia system in towns (townships). The original 4-level Baojia system was 8 towns in 4 districts and 4 townships in suburbs. After the "Wenxi fire", it was reduced to two towns and two townships in the South and north of the city.

In 1939, eight towns and four townships were changed into four towns and four townships.

In December 1945, there were eight districts in the East, South, West, north, literature and art, Jinpen, Yuelu and Huichun.

From 1947 to September 1948, there were 83 bao1843a.

In August 1949, Changsha was peacefully liberated, with jurisdiction over 8 districts, 82 guarantees and 1838a. Changsha is the capital of Hunan Province.

On March 30, 1950, a suburban office was set up to lead the four outer districts.

In January 1953, a water district was set up.

In 1955, 306 residents' committees and 2909 residents' groups were set up in Neisi district.

In May 1956, four districts outside the city were abolished, and seven townships and one town were under the jurisdiction of the city. In the same year, the water area was withdrawn.

In 1957, the inner four districts had jurisdiction over 2766 residential groups of 275 neighborhood committees in 26 streets;

Chinese PinYin : Hu Nan Sheng Zhang Sha Shi