Langfang City, Hebei Province

Langfang, a prefecture level city in Hebei Province, is located in the east of the central part of Hebei Province. It is adjacent to Beijing in the north, Tianjin in the East, Cangzhou in the South and Baoding in the West. It is located in the core area of Beijing Tianjin Hebei Urban Agglomeration and the hinterland of Bohai rim. Langfang has jurisdiction over two districts, two county-level cities and six counties, with a total area of 6429 square kilometers. By the end of 2019, Langfang has a permanent resident population of 4.9205 million.

Langfang city is located in the central and eastern part of North China Plain, starting from the hilly area at the southern foot of Yanshan Mountain in the north and reaching Heilonggang basin in the south, most of which are depression areas. Langfang city is located in the middle latitude zone, a warm temperate continental monsoon climate, four distinct seasons. Langfang city is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Haihe River Basin, known as "the bottom of the nine rivers". There are 5 main railway lines, 7 expressways, 10 national and 20 provincial highways. In Langfang, there have emerged such figures as Zhang Hua, a litterateur in the Western Jin Dynasty, Wang Zhihuan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, Lu Duan, a famous prime minister in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Xun, a famous prime minister in the Song Dynasty, Shi Tianze, a famous prime minister in the Yuan Dynasty, and Liu Liu and Liu Qi, leaders of peasant uprising in the Ming Dynasty.

In 2019, Langfang's GDP will be 319.6 billion yuan, with a per capita GDP of 66583 yuan; the per capita disposable income of urban residents will be 40435 yuan; and the per capita disposable income of rural residents will be 16865 yuan.

Historical evolution

Langfang has a long history. "The Yellow Emperor ruled the world and established all nations before passing through anxiu," which is near Changdao village in the current Anxi district. According to Langfang City annals, "the Xia and Shang Dynasties are located in Jizhou, the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties in Jiyan, the Jin and Tang Dynasties in Youzhou, and the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing.".

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, it was the fief of Yan state.

Qin belongs to Yuyang County, Guangyang county and Julu County.

Youzhou was in Han and three kingdoms.

In Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Youzhou, Jizhou and Yingzhou.

In song and Liao dynasties, it belonged to Hebei East Road and Nanjing Road.

In Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Zhongshu province.

Ming Dynasty belongs to shuntianfu.

In Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Zhili.

In 1897, the Jingshan railway station was set up in Langfang.

On December 13, 1948, Langfang was liberated.

In 1949, Langfang was established as a town under the jurisdiction of anci county.

In 1950, anci County moved to Langfang.

In 1958, Langfang town was incorporated into Langfang commune.

In 1965, the system of Langfang town was restored.

In 1969, the Tianjin regional revolutionary committee moved to Langfang.

In 1974, it was renamed Langfang area.

In 1975, Langfang commune was assigned to Langfang town.

On March 1, 1982, with the approval of the State Council, Langfang town was changed into Langfang City (county level).

In 1983, anci county was incorporated into Langfang city.

In April 1989, with the approval of the State Council, Langfang area was changed into a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of the province, and the original Langfang city was changed into an'ci district.

In March 2000, with the approval of the State Council, the administrative division of anci District of Langfang city was adjusted and Guangyang District of Langfang city was added.

administrative division

As of August 2018, Langfang has jurisdiction over two municipal districts, namely anci district and Guangyang District, two county-level cities, namely Sanhe City and Bazhou City, six counties, including Xianghe County, Yongqing County, Gu'an County, Wen'an County, Dacheng county and Dachang Hui Autonomous County, 70 towns, 20 townships and 17 sub district offices. The Municipal People's government is located at 230 Guangyang Road, Guangyang district.

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geographical environment

Location context

Langfang city is located in the Middle East of North China Plain and the middle of Hebei Province. It is located between 38 ° 28 ′ n to 40 ° 15 ′ N and 116 ° 7 ′ e to 117 ° 14 ′ E. Langfang is located in the hilly area at the south foot of Yanshan Mountain in the north and reaches Heilonggang basin in the south. It is adjacent to Beijing in the north, Zhuozhou, Xiongxian and Gaobeidian in Baoding in the west, Renqiu, Hejian and Qingxian in Cangzhou in the south, and Wuqing, Baodi and Jizhou districts in Tianjin in the East. Due to the change of administrative division in 1974, Beijing and Tianjin intersected, which made Langfang form a territory in which the three northern counties (cities) were not connected with the main body of the territory. Langfang city is located in the southeast of Beijing, in a straight line with Beijing and Tianjin, in the middle. Langfang city is 60 kilometers away from Beijing and Tianjin, and 280 kilometers away from Shijiazhuang, the provincial capital. The total area of the city is 6429 square kilometers.

topographic features

Due to the influence of geological structure, most of Langfang city is in the depression area. With the subsidence of the crust, the ground is gradually filled up by Quaternary sediments, resulting in a large thickness of Cenozoic stratum settlement. The landform of Langfang city is relatively flat and monotonous, mainly plain, with an average elevation of about 13 meters and a general elevation of 2.5-30 meters. Due to the effects of pluvial and alluvial processes, multiple River crevasses and diversion siltation, staggered distribution of sediments, wind force and human activities, there are great differences in landforms in the city, with gentle hills, depressions, sand dunes and small alluvial heaps all over the city.

climate

Langfang city is located in the middle latitude zone, a warm temperate continental monsoon climate, four distinct seasons. It is hot and rainy in summer, cold and dry in winter, dry and windy in spring, cool and hot in autumn. The annual average temperature of Langfang is 11.9 ℃. January is the coldest with a monthly average temperature of minus 4.7 ℃; July is the hottest with a monthly average temperature of 26.2 ℃. The early frost generally begins in the middle and late October, and the late frost generally ends in the middle and late April of the next year. The annual average frost free period is about 183 days. The average annual precipitation of the whole city is 554.9 mm. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is uneven, mostly in summer. The precipitation in June to August is generally 70% - 80% of the total annual precipitation. The annual average sunshine hours of the whole city are about 2660 hours, and the sunshine hours from May to June are the most. It has a continental monsoon climate, with northerly winds in winter and southerly winds in summer. The annual average wind speed is 1.5-2.5 meters. Sufficient light and heat resources, rain and heat in the same season, conducive to crop growth. But at the same time, there are many meteorological disasters, such as dry hot wind, thunderstorm, hail, gale, continuous rain, cold wave and other disastrous weather, which often cause adverse effects on agricultural production.

natural resources

water resource

Langfang city is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Haihe River Basin, known as "the bottom of the nine rivers". There are many rivers and depressions in the area. The main water systems are chaobaiji canal system, Beiyun river system, Yongding River system, Daqing River system and Ziya River system. The main flood discharge channels in Haihe River Basin flow through Langfang city except the south canal. There are mainly 10 flood discharge rivers in the city, namely, the Wei River, the water diversion into the tide, the North Canal, the Chaobai River, the qinglongwanjian River, the Yongding River, the Baigou River, the Daqing River, the Ziya River and the Ziyaxin River, as well as the Baoqiu River, the long river, the Feng River, the Jiniu River, the Zhongting River, the Zhaowang River, the Tiantang River, the xionggubaxin River, the renwengan River, the renheda River, the paigan River, the West Branch of the Ganghe River, etc. In addition, there are wenanwa, Dongdian, Yongdinghe flood area and jiakouwa flood storage and detention areas directly dispatched by the national flood prevention headquarters in Langfang city. Langfang city is located in the lower reaches of Haihe River Basin. Every flood season, the upstream rainstorm is easy to form flood disaster.

mineral resources

Langfang city is located in the south of Yanshan Mountains. It is rich in mineral resources, including oil, natural gas, coal, flux dolomite, limestone for cement, clay for purple sand ceramics, sepiolite, underground hot water, mineral water and other mineral resources. Coal is mainly distributed in the area from Kangjiawan to Duanjialing of Sanhe City in the north and Dacheng County in the south. Among them, the thickness of coal measures in Sanhe coal field is 497 meters, with 13 layers of coal and 13.63 meters of coal seam. Anthracite is the main coal, accounting for 93% of the reserves in Sanhe coal field; the coal reserves in Dacheng county are 19.01 billion tons, with a total coal area of 1040 square kilometers. Oil and natural gas are mainly distributed in anci District, Yongqing County, Gu'an County, Bazhou city and Wen'an County, with proven oil reserves of 200 million tons and natural gas reserves of 18.6 billion cubic meters. Flux dolomite is distributed in Duanjialing and shangzhuangzi of Sanhe City, while cement limestone is distributed in Gushan of Sanhe City. Geothermal water is mainly distributed in anci District, Yongqing County, Gu'an County, Bazhou City, Wen'an County and Dacheng County, with a total area of 1007.9 square kilometers, and the highest temperature at the outlet is 93 ℃.

Aerial photography of Langfang

plant resources

Langfang city is long and narrow in North and south, with complex terrain and various vegetation types. There are 127 families, 400 genera and 920 species of plant resources in the city. There are more than 100 cultivated plants in 11 categories, including grain crops, beans, potatoes, oil plants, cotton and hemp, tobacco, medicinal materials, vegetables, melons, fruits and grasses. In hilly area, xerophytic shrubs and herbs are the main species with few trees and most of them are cultivated artificially. The vegetation is dense on the shady slope and sparse on the sunny slope. Wild vegetation includes Zizyphus jujuba, Vitex negundo, Lespedeza, Baicao, Altai Ziyuan, etc. The cultivated vegetation includes jujube, walnut, persimmon, etc. Corn, millet and wheat are planted in valleys and mountain basins. In the upper part of piedmont plain, there are wild drought tolerant vegetation such as Zizyphus jujuba and digitalis pubescens. Gramineous weeds are common in plain farmland, and the cultivated crops are millet and corn. The wild vegetation in alluvial plain mainly grows in the field gap and roadside, and the field is rare. There are mainly sarcandra, thrush grass, reed grass, Mitsubishi grass, purslane, Salicornia, thatch grass, tiger tail grass, Setaria, chakezi, plantain grass, Setaria, medlar, etc.; cultivated crops are wheat, corn, soybean, millet, rice, cotton, peanut, sunflower, etc.; trees are peach, pear, apple, apricot, poplar, willow, etc.

population

In late 2018, the number of registered residence in Langfang was 4 million 795 thousand, an increase of 54 thousand over the beginning of the year. The annual birth rate was 1.3%; the death rate was 0.4%; and the natural growth rate was 0.9%. The urbanization rate of permanent residents was 60.01%, 1.51 percentage points higher than that of the previous year. The number of laid-off and reemployed people was 7400. Town registration at the end of the year

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