Yingkou City, Liaoning Province

Yingkou City, a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Liaoning Province, is located in the center of Liaodong Peninsula, the east coast of Bohai Sea and the entrance of Daliao River. It is between 121 ° 56 ′～ 123 ° 02 ′ E and 39 ° 55 ′～ 40 ° 56 ′ n, with a total area of 5402 square kilometers. The climate of Yingkou City is characterized by long and cold winter, warm and rainy summer, dry and windy spring, cool autumn, four distinct seasons, hot and rainy season, which belongs to continental monsoon climate. As of 2018, Yingkou has jurisdiction over 4 municipal districts and 2 county-level cities, and 1 of the municipal government's new Union Street in the west of China, with a total population of 2 million 314 thousand registered residence.

In 1909, the Qing government withdrew the coastal defense Tongzhi Department of Yingkou and established the Yingkou Zhili department, which was under the jurisdiction of Fengtian province. On October 20, 1945, Yingkou City was liberated for the first time and Yingkou democratic government was established. On November 2, 1948, Yingkou was finally liberated and the municipal democratic government was restored. On May 1, 1949, Yingkou democratic government was renamed Yingkou people's government. Yingkou is the first port opened to the outside world in the modern history of Northeast China, one of the birthplaces and issuing places of dragon stamps, the birthplace of the Red Cross movement in China, and the birthplace of China's national financial industry. In July 2019, Yingkou won the title of "the most valuable city for investment and business in China (region)".

In 2018, Yingkou's GDP was 134.67 billion yuan, an increase of 5.9% over 2017. By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 10.26 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5%; the added value of the secondary industry was 59.77 billion yuan, an increase of 6.8%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 64.65 billion yuan, an increase of 5.5%. The per capita GDP was 55295 yuan, an increase of 6.1% over 2017. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

Yingkou City is located at the entrance of Daliao River. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the Mongolian Bahu people were allowed to graze here. The barracks of the Bahu people are connected into a piece, which looks like a military camp from a distance. People call this area "yingzi". Therefore, when the tide falls, the tide ditch dries up, and when the tide rises, there is no ditch, so it is called "no Ditch Camp". Yingkou is the abbreviation of "mogouying port" in the official documents of the early Qing government. In 1866, the Qing government set up fengjinshan Haiguan road in Yingkou, which was in charge of foreign affairs and tax collection in the whole Liaodong region from Shanhaiguan in the west to Yalu River Estuary in the East. In 1867, the Qing government set up a coastal defense office in Yingkou to manage the security of the coastal areas. It was the first official institution named "Yingkou".

History of construction

Yingkou has a long history. As early as 260000 years ago in the Paleolithic age, the ancestors of Yingkou lived here.

More than 5000 years ago, during the legendary Yao and Shun dynasties, Yingkou belonged to Qingzhou and Yingzhou.

During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Yingkou was under the jurisdiction of Qingzhou, Yingzhou and Youzhou.

During the Warring States period, the state of Yan ruled today's Liaoning Province, and Yingkou belonged to Liaodong county.

After the unification of China by Qin Dynasty, there were 36 counties in succession, and Yingkou still belonged to Liaodong county.

In 195 B.C., the Han Dynasty established Pingguo County in Xiongyue in the south of Yingkou, Anshi County in Dashiqiao City, and Wenxian County in Gaizhou city. This is the earliest county-level system in Yingkou.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Central Plains was in chaos, and then northern China fell into the situation of national power division. Today, Yingkou has experienced the rule of Gongsun regime, former Yan, Former Qin and later Yan.

In the 10th year of Taiyuan (385) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the post Yan regime of the Xianbei nationality was transferred to Pingguo, which governed Liaodong County, xuanpei County, Liaoxi County, Changli County, Lelang county and Daifang county. This is the only time that the Yingkou region set up a local political power institution to govern the whole northeast region, the eastern part of Hebei Province and the vast area west of Datong River.

At the beginning of the 10th century, the Qidan people established the Liao Dynasty in northern China. The Khitan rulers moved the place names of the two capitals, eight prefectures and thirty-two prefectures of the former five capitals, fifteen prefectures and sixty-two prefectures of the Bohai State to the West and east of Liaoning, and those of Yingkou were Chenzhou, Luzhou, Tiezhou, Guizhou, Yaozhou and ningzhou.

In 1115, the first year of Jinshou state, the immortal woman Wanyan Aguda was called emperor and established the great Jin State. In 1125, the Jin Dynasty inherited the territory of the Liao Dynasty in Northeast China. In the Jin Dynasty, there were Dongjing Road, Xianping road and Beijing Road in Liaoning Province. Today, Yingkou area belongs to Dongjing road. In 1129, the Jin regime moved the hesuguan Road office to ningzhou, which was a military and political institution specialized in managing the Nuzhen nationality. In the fourth year of Jin Mingchang (1193), he stopped the huosu hall and built the Liaoning Navy's Jiedushi in Chenzhou. In the sixth year of jinmingchang (1195), Chenzhou was changed to Gaizhou, and Tangchi county (now Tangchi Town, Dashiqiao City), Jian'an county (now Gaizhou city), Xiuyan County (now Xiuyan County) and Xiongyue county (now Xiongyue town) were under its jurisdiction.

In the first year of Mongolian Taizu (1206), the Mongol Khanate was established by Tiemuzhen. In 1225, the Mongolian army completely wiped out the Jin regime in Northeast China. In 1262, Gaizhou Road (now Gaizhou city) was set up to govern the counties in southern Liaoning. In the sixth year of Yuan Dynasty (1269), jianggaizhou road was called Gaizhou, and Xiongyue, Tangchi and Xiuyan entered Jian'an county. In 1271, Kublai Khan named the state yuan. In Yuan Dynasty, Liaoyang Road, Shenyang Road, guangningfu Road, Kaiyuan Road and Western Daning road were set up in Liaoning Province.

In the ninth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1376), "Abolishing the state and setting up the garrison" was replaced by Gaizhou and Fuzhou garrison. The jurisdiction of gaizhouwei is 15km to Boluopu (today's Boluopu Town, Dashiqiao City), 85km to bajiapu (today's Taiyangsheng area, Wafangdian City), 7.5km to the sea in the West and 115km to Xiuyan (today's Xiuyan County, Anshan City) in the East. There are nine other castles in Gaizhou, such as Gaizhou City, Xiongyue City, Yongning prison city and wuzhaibao, with a large number of piers and abutments. Gaizhou city is the military, political, economic and cultural center of Yingkou.

Qing Kangxi three years (1664) home GAIPING County, Li Feng Tianfu. From the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727) to the 23rd year of Daoguang (1843) of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government set up the vice governor (zhengerpin) in Xiongyue. Xiong Yue's vice governor once managed six garrison flags, including Xiong Yue, Phoenix City, Jinzhou, Fuzhou, Lushun and Xiuyan. Xiongyue is an important military town in southern Liaoning. Yingkou has no independent administrative region, and the port is under the jurisdiction of Haicheng and GAIPING counties. In 1909, the Qing government withdrew the coastal defense Tongzhi Department of Yingkou and established the Yingkou Zhili department, which was under the jurisdiction of Fengtian province. The jurisdiction of Yingkou Zhili hall is: from Dawa County of Panjin City in the north to lanqichang in the South (Lanqi village of coastal sub district office in the West City), from Dashiqiao City in the east to the coast in the west, Yingkou began to have an independent local administrative structure. In the same year, it was changed from Haiguan bingbei road in Jinshan to Jinxin Yingkou, and other punishments, such as patrolling bingbei Road (Jinxin road for short), were still stationed in Yingkou.

In 1913, the Beiyang government issued the order of unifying the existing provincial and local administrative departments, which abolished the government, prefecture and Department of the Qing Dynasty, increased the level of Dao between provinces and counties, and formed a three-level system of province, Dao and county. In the same year, the reserve road of jinxinbing was abolished, the observation envoy of Fengtian province south road was set up, and Yingkou was still stationed in Yingkou. The office of Yingkou negotiator of the Ministry of foreign affairs of the Republic of China was set up, and the office of Yingkou Zhili was changed to Yingkou County. In 1914, Fengtian provincial South Road observation office was abolished. Fengtian province is divided into Liaoshen Road, Dongbian road and taochang road. Liaoshen road is located in Yingkou, which has jurisdiction over 22 counties including Shenyang County, Liaoyang County, Haicheng County, GAIPING County, Tieling County, Kaiyuan County, Xifeng County, Xi'an County, Liaozhong County, Panshan County, Jinxi County, Suizhong County, Xinmin County, Yingkou County, Jin county, Yi County, Beizhen County, Xingcheng County, Dongfeng County, Zhangwu County, Heishan County and Tai'an County. It is the first road in Fengtian province. In May 1938, Yingkou county was renamed Yingkou City by the Japanese puppet regime, with eight districts.

On October 20, 1945, Yingkou City was liberated for the first time and Yingkou democratic government was established. On November 2, 1948, Yingkou was finally liberated and the municipal democratic government was restored.

On May 1, 1949, Yingkou democratic government was renamed Yingkou people's government.

On January 5, 1959, GAIPING County, Panshan county and Panjin Agricultural Reclamation Bureau were under the jurisdiction of Yingkou City.

In January 1966, Panshan county and Panjin Agricultural Reclamation Bureau were merged into Panjin reclamation area, which was designated from Yingkou City. In June, Gaixian county (GAIPING county was renamed Gaixian county with the approval of the State Council in 1965) and Yingkou county were under the jurisdiction of Liaonan special office.

In January 1969, Gai County, Yingkou county and Haicheng county were under the jurisdiction of Yingkou City.

In 1973, Haicheng county was under the jurisdiction of Anshan City.

In November 1975, Panshan county and Dawa County were under the jurisdiction of Yingkou City.

In January 1985, Panshan county and Dawa County were under the jurisdiction of Panjin City. Yingkou has jurisdiction over Gai County, Yingkou County, Zhanqian District, Xicheng District, Laobian district and Bayuquan District.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 1938, Yingkou Municipal Office implemented district system, including Taikang District, Tonghui District, Hebei District, Tongzhi District, suiding District, Zhenxing District, Dahe district and Dongchang District.

In 1946, the national government added Fuxing district according to the Manchu division, which had jurisdiction over eight districts: Taikang District, Tonghui District, Hebei District, Tongzhi District, suiding District, Dahe District, Dongchang District and Fuxing District, and established Baojia system.

In 1948, Yingkou was liberated, the old division was abolished and the people's Republic of China was established

Chinese PinYin : Liao Ning Sheng Ying Kou Shi