Lanzhou City, Gansu Province

Lanzhou, referred to as "Lan" or "Gao" for short, was called Jincheng in ancient times. It is the capital of Gansu Province, the center of politics, culture, economy, science and education, and an important central city in the western region. It is the capital of Gansu Province, an important industrial base and comprehensive transportation hub in the northwest region, one of the important central cities in the western region, and an important node city of the Silk Road Economic Belt approved by the State Council. As of July 2020, the city has 5 districts, 3 counties and 3 national development zones with a total area of 13100 square kilometers and a permanent resident population of 4.134 million.

Chinese mainland China city is located in one belt, one road is located in the middle of Lanzhou province. The center of the territory is Gansu, which is the geometric center of the land territory in the northwest of China and the central part of Gansu. It is a strategic platform for the west to open to the west, an important engine for the development of western regions, a scientific development demonstration area for the northwest, a famous cultural city in the Yellow River, a modern central city with international influence, a "one belt and one road" and a radiation Central Asia. Asia is a modern and international metropolis.

Lanzhou has a history of more than 2200 years since it was established as a county in the Qin Dynasty. Since ancient times, it has been a transportation hub and military fortress "connecting the four regions and leading thousands of Li". It is named Jincheng after "Jincheng Tangchi" and is known as the "Pearl of the Yellow River". Thanks to the Silk Road, Lanzhou has become an important transportation and commercial port. Later, it became one of the earliest cities in China to accept modern industrial civilization. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was identified as one of the key industrial bases to be built by the state, and became an important national petrochemical base, biopharmaceutical base and equipment manufacturing base. In 2012, Lanzhou New Area, the first state-level new area in Northwest China, was approved, and Lanzhou became the frontier and important gateway of China's opening to the West.

After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the world was divided into 36 counties, and Lanzhou was a part of Longxi County.

In the early Western Han Dynasty, Lanzhou was still under the jurisdiction of Longxi County under the Qin system.

In the second year of Yuanshou (121 BC), Huo Qubing led his army to the west to March the Xiongnu, and set up a garrison of lingjusai in the west of Lanzhou, which opened the way for the Han Dynasty to open up four Hexi counties.

In the first year of the first Yuan Dynasty (86 BC), Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty established Jincheng County in Lanzhou, under the jurisdiction of Tianshui county.

In the sixth year of the first Yuan Dynasty (81 BC), Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty set up Jincheng county.

In the second year of shenjue (60bc), Emperor Xuandi of Han Dynasty, after Zhao Chongguo pacified Xiqiang and stationed troops in Huangzhong, the rule of Western Han Dynasty in Jincheng county was strengthened, and seven new counties were established successively.

In the 12th year of the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 36), Jincheng county was established in Longxi County.

In the fourth year of emperor Yong's reign in Han'an (110), the Western Qiang people rebelled, and most of Jincheng county was occupied. The county government was moved from Yunwu to Xiangwu (now Longxi County, Gansu Province), and then moved back to Yunwu. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xiping County was established as a new branch of Jincheng county. Since then, Jincheng county government moved from Yunwu to Yuzhong (now the west of Yuzhong County).

After the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, Jincheng county was still established. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the first year of Yongan in the former Liang Dynasty (314), it was divided into Zhiyang county and lingju County, which belong to Jincheng County, and Guangwu county was established with the newly established Yongdeng County near Yaojie, Honggu District, Lanzhou city. In the same year, Jincheng county government moved from Yuzhong to Jincheng. Since then, Jincheng county government and county government have been in the same city.

In 583, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty changed Jincheng county to Lanzhou and set up the general manager's office. Because there is Gaolan mountain in the south of the city, it is named Lanzhou.

In the third year of Daye reign of emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty, Zicheng county was changed into Jincheng County, Lanzhou into Jincheng County, leading Jincheng county and Didao County, and the county ruled Jincheng.

In 617, the commander of Jincheng school, Xue Ju, fought against the Sui Dynasty and was called the overlord of the Western Qin Dynasty. He was named QINXING and built the capital of Jincheng. Soon after, the capital was moved to Tianshui, which was destroyed by the Tang Dynasty.

After the unification of China in Tang Dynasty, Lanzhou was restored in 619. Wude eight years (625 years), home dudufu.

In the first year of Emperor Gaozong's Xianqing reign (656), it was changed to Zhou.

In the first year of Tianbao (742), Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was changed into Jincheng county.

In the second year of Qianyuan reign of emperor suzong of Tang Dynasty (759), Jincheng county was changed to Lanzhou. Wuquan county was under the jurisdiction of Wuquan county and Guangwu county.

In 762, Lanzhou was occupied by Tubo. In the second year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, Zhang Yichao, a native of Dunhuang in Shazhou, revolted and recovered the eleven prefectures of Longyou. Lanzhou belonged to the Tang Dynasty. However, at this time, the Tang Dynasty had declined and could not afford to go west. It was soon occupied by Tubo.

During the reign of Zhenzong and Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Dangxiang clan defeated many Tubo tribes.

In 1036, Yuanhao defeated Tubo and occupied Hexi and Lanzhou.

In 1081, the Northern Song Dynasty took advantage of the civil strife of the Xixia court, transferred troops to attack the Xia Dynasty and recovered Lanzhou. After that, song and Xia confronted each other across the river and attacked each other.

In the first year of Shaoxing (1131), Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, Lanzhou was conquered by Jin general zongbi (i.e. Jin Wushu) after half a century of the Song Dynasty. After that, Lanzhou was recovered by Song Dynasty in 1161, but it was lost immediately. Therefore, Lanzhou entered a new round of competition between Jin and Xixia after the Southern Song Dynasty. Until the third year of Tianxing (1234), the Mongols destroyed Jin and occupied Lanzhou.

In 1369, the Ming army defeated the yuan army and captured Lanzhou. The next year, it set up Lanzhou guard. In the fifth year of Hongwu, zhuanglangwei was set up.

In 1399, the first year of Emperor Huizong's Jianwen reign in Ming Dynasty, Zhu Li, the king of Su, led the central guard of Ganzhou to move to fanlan county (Lanzhou). With three soldiers guarding the city and seven soldiers Garrisoning the farmland, and the immigrants from southeast provinces constantly moving to Lanzhou for reclamation, building water conservancy, promoting economic development and population growth, Lanzhou had "more than ten thousand military and civilian houses inside and outside the city".

In the early Qing Dynasty, according to the Ming system, Lanzhou was subordinate to Lintao Prefecture, and Wei was under the command of Shaanxi.

In the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656) of the Qing Dynasty, Wei was dismissed and returned to the state.

In 1662, Lanzhou Wei was set up again.

In 1666, Shaanxi and Gansu were divided, Gansu Province was set up, and the provincial capital was moved from gongchang (now Longxi) to Lanzhou. Since then, Lanzhou has been the political center of Gansu.

In 1738, Lintao Prefecture was transferred from Didao to Lanzhou, which was renamed Lanzhou Prefecture and Gaolan county. At that time, Lanzhou government governed Didao and Hezhou, Gaolan, Jinxian, Weiyuan and Jingyuan.

In 1764, the governor yamen of Shaanxi and Gansu moved from Xi'an to Lanzhou and reduced the governor of Gansu. Since then, Lanzhou has become an important political and military town in Northwest China to "control the Sanqin and Huairou regions".

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the Prefecture was abolished and the two prefectures of Lanshan and gongchang were established as Lanshan Road, which governs 15 counties including Gaolan, Hongshui, Yuzhong, Didao, Daohe, Ningding, Taosha, Jingyuan, Weiyuan, Dingxi, Lintan, Longxi, Minxian, Huining and Zhangxian. Daoyin was stationed in Gaolan County, the provincial capital.

In 1927, Lanshan road was changed into Lanshan district.

In 1936, Gansu Province was divided into seven administrative inspectors' offices. Gaolan and Yuzhong are the first administrative inspectors' districts, and the special offices are located in Minxian county.

In 1941, the suburb of Gaolan county was set up, and Lanzhou city was set up to govern the present Chengguan District of Lanzhou with Gaolan county. The urban area is 16 square kilometers with a population of more than 172000.

In 1944, the urban area expanded to Yangwa mountain in the East, tumendun in the west, excluding Matan, Shizuizi, baliyao and Gaolan in the south, yanchangpu and Shilidian in the north, covering an area of 146 square kilometers.

In August 1949, Lanzhou was liberated. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the construction of Lanzhou city has changed several times.

In 1985, three townships of Baiyin district and Gaolan county were put under the jurisdiction of Baiyin City.

In August 2012, the State Council issued the reply of the State Council on Approving the establishment of Lanzhou New Area, which agreed to establish a national Lanzhou New Area.

In December 2012, Dingyuan town and Lianda township of Yuzhong County were entrusted to Lanzhou high tech Zone. In 2014, Gaolan County abolished Shuifu Township and established Shuifu town. In the same year, Gaolan County abolished heishichuan Township and established Heishi town. In 2015, three townships, Honggu township of Honggu District, Hekou township of Xigu District and Liushu township of Yongdeng County, were approved to change from township to town.

administrative division

(as of 2018)

Jurisdiction: it has jurisdiction over 5 districts including Chengguan District, Qilihe district, Xigu District, Anning District and Honggu District, 3 counties including Yongdeng County, Yuzhong County and Gaolan County, Lanzhou New Area, Lanzhou high tech Zone and Lanzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone.

Municipal Government: the municipal government is located at No. 637, nanbinhe East Road, Chengguan District.

geographical environment

Location context

Lanzhou is located in the northwest of China and the middle of Gansu Province. Its center is located at 36 ° 03 ′ N and 103 ° 40 ′ e. it borders Wuwei and Baiyin in the north, Dingxi in the East and Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in the south, with a total area of 13085.6 square kilometers.

landforms

Lanzhou is high in the West and south, and low in the northeast. The Yellow River flows from the southwest to the northeast, across the whole territory and mountains, forming a beaded valley with valleys and basins alternating. The canyons include Bapan gorge, Chaijia gorge, sangyuan gorge, Daxia gorge and Wujin Gorge; the basins include Xincheng basin, Lanzhou Basin, Niwan Shichuan basin and Qingcheng shuichuan basin. There are also Huangshui Valley, Zhuanglang Valley, Yuanchuan Valley and Datong valley.

climate

Lanzhou has a temperate continental climate. The annual average temperature is 10.3 ℃. There is no severe heat in summer and no severe cold in winter. It is a famous summer resort. The annual average sunshine hours is 2446 hours, the frost free period is 180 days, and the annual average precipitation is 327 mm, mainly from June to September.

Gansu Province is located in the northwest inland, the ocean temperature and humidity airflow is not easy to reach, the chance of rain is less, the climate in most areas is dry, belonging to the temperate monsoon climate with strong continental. The winter is cold and long, the boundary between spring and summer is not clear, the summer is short, the temperature is high, and the temperature drops quickly in autumn. The annual average temperature in the province is 0-1

Chinese PinYin : Gan Su Sheng Lan Zhou Shi