Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, referred to as "Bazhou", belongs to the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is located in the southeast of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with mountains, basins, rivers, lakes, Gobi, deserts and plain oases. It belongs to the continental climate of middle temperate zone and warm temperate zone. With a total area of 471500 square kilometers, it governs one county-level city, seven counties and one Autonomous County. In 2018, the total population was 1280600.

Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture has a long history of development for thousands of years. Both the South and middle silk roads pass through Bazhou. In Bazhou, there are Loulan, Ruoqiang, Qiemo, Xiaowan, Ronglu, shanguo, Luntai, Yanqi, Yuli, Quli and Weixu. Bazhou's tourism resources are unique. There are various types of tourism resources in Bazhou. In addition to the natural landscapes of Tianshan Mountain, Kunlun mountain area, desert, great lakes, prairie and Gobi, there are also many historical sites and cultural landscapes, such as Tiemenguan, Loulan ancient city site, sikeqin thousand Buddha cave, Milan site, etc. In December 2018, it was named the Sixth Batch of national demonstration areas (units) for national unity and progress by the National People's commission.

In 2018, the gross output value of Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture was 102.75 billion yuan, an increase of 4% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 15.53 billion yuan, down 2.2% over the previous year; the added value of the secondary industry was 56.01 billion yuan, up 5.5% over the previous year; the added value of the tertiary industry was 31.21 billion yuan, up 5.1% over the previous year.

Historical evolution

As early as the early Western Han Dynasty, there were 11 "city states" and "Xing States", including Ruoqiang, Qiemo, Xiaowan, shanguo, Wulei, Luntou, Quli, Yanqi and Weixu.

In the second year of shenjue of the Western Han Dynasty (60 BC), the government of the Western Han Dynasty set up the western regions capital guard in Wulei (now Luntai County of the autonomous prefecture).

In the third year of Yongyuan (91) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a long history of the western regions was set up in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

In the 22nd year of Tang Zhenguan (648), Yanqi capital was set up.

Since the Yuan Dynasty, it has been a nomadic and ruling area of Western Mongolia.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Junggar was one of the Western Mongols. After the stabilization of Junggar in 1759, a minister of kalashar affairs was set up. Yanqi, Korla and bugur, who belonged to him, exercised great restraint. The kaqiang (Qiemo county) and kakrik (Ruoqiang county) on the South Road of the "Silk Road" are under the jurisdiction of the Minister of Khotan affairs. In 1884, after the founding of Xinjiang Province, the kalashar Zhili hall was set up. In the 25th year of Guangxu, it was promoted to Yanqi Prefecture, which successively governed Xinping (now Yuli), Ruoqiang and Luntai counties.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, Yanqi special office was established on April 12, 1950.

On June 23, 1954, Yanqi special office was abolished and Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture (governing Yanqi, Hejing and Heshuo counties) and Korla special office (governing Korla, Luntai, Yuli, Ruoqiang and Qiemo counties) were established.

In December 1960, the special office of Korla was incorporated into Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, and the state capital was relocated from Yanqi to Korla.

In April 1970, Bohu county was set up.

In October 1979, Korla City was established.

In 1983, Korla county was merged into Korla City, forming a pattern of eight counties and one city.

On December 29, 2012, Tiemenguan City, a county-level city directly under the central government of Xinjiang, was established under the jurisdiction of the second division of Xinjiang production and Construction Corps.

administrative division

By the end of 2017, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture had one county-level city, seven counties and one Autonomous County. The state capital was located in Korla City, with 50 townships, 36 towns and 5 streets. The Prefecture People's government is located at No. 45, Bayin East Road, Korla City.

County level city: Korla City.

Counties: Luntai County, Yuli County, Ruoqiang County, Qiemo County, Hejing County, Heshuo County, Bohu county.

Autonomous County: Yanqi Hui Autonomous County.

geographical environment

Location context

Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture is located in the southeast of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, adjacent to Gansu and Qinghai in the East, Kunlun Mountain in the South and Tibet in the west, Hotan and Aksu in Xinjiang in the west, Tianshan in the north and Yili, Tacheng, Changji, Urumqi, Turpan, Hami and other prefectures and cities. The maximum length of East-West and North-South is more than 800 kilometers. It is located between 82 ° 38 ′ e to 93 ° 45 ′ E and 35 ° 38 ′ n to 43 ° 36 ′ n. The total area is 471500 square kilometers, accounting for one fourth of the total area of Xinjiang.

topographic features

Bazhou landform is divided into Tianshan Mountains, Eastern Tarim Basin, Kunlun Mountains and Altun Mountains. The basic pattern is like a big "U" shape. There are mountains, basins, rivers, lakes, Gobi, deserts and plain oases. In the total area of the prefecture, the mountainous area is 225000 square kilometers, accounting for 47.7%; the plain area is 246600 square kilometers, accounting for 52.3%; the Gobi desert area is 143000 square kilometers, accounting for 30.3% of the total area of the prefecture. Tianshan Mountain, located between Junggar Basin and Tarim Basin, is one of the largest mountain systems in Asia. It is about 950 km long and 140-200 km wide, and its strike is roughly NWW. Intermountain basins and vertical structural valleys divide the whole mountain system into many mountains and mountain blocks. There are mainly Tianger mountain, Alagou mountain and Huola mountain in the north. Kunlun Mountain is located between the Tarim Basin and the northern Tibetan Plateau. The Kunlun Mountain in the southern part of the autonomous prefecture is the East Kunlun Mountain, with a northeast southwest trend and a general height of 4000-6000 meters. The highest peak, MUZTAG peak, is 7723 meters above sea level. Altun mountain is located to the north of East Kunlun Mountain and to the east of Qiemo. It is the boundary mountain between the eastern end of Tarim Basin and Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province. It extends from north to East with a general height of 3000-5000 meters. The climate is arid and it is a desert mountain.

climate

Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture has a temperate and warm temperate continental climate. Its main characteristics are: drought, less rain, large evaporation, long sunshine. Due to the vast territory and complex terrain of the whole Prefecture, there are great differences in climate between the four northern counties in Yanqi Basin and the five southern counties (cities) in Tarim Basin. Mountain areas are connected with spring and autumn, and there is no summer all the year round, while plain areas have four distinct seasons. The frost free period is 194-223 days in Korla and Luntai areas located in the edge of Tarim Basin; 181-199 days in Ruoqiang area located in the southeast edge of Tarim Basin; 185 days in Qiemo area; and 180 days in Beisi county located in Yanqi Basin.

Korla

hydrology

There are 53 rivers in Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. According to the origin of the river, it can be divided into Tianshan water system and East Kunlun mountain water system. The rivers of Tianshan river system mainly include Kaidu River, huangshuigou River, Qingshui River, Dina River and korchu River, which moisten a large area of land in Yanqi Basin, Korla River, Yuli River and Luntai plain; the rivers of East Kunlun Altun mountain system mainly include Cherchen River, karamilan River, moleche River, Milan River, Tashi Saiyi River and washixia River, which breed Ruoqiang and Qiemo It's an oasis in China. There are 69 lakes with a total area of 2398 square kilometers. The main lakes are Bosten Lake, Lopnur lake, taitema lake, whale lake, etc. Bosten Lake, located in the southeast of Yanqi Basin, is 55 km long from east to west and 25 km wide from north to south. Its water level is 1048 meters and its water area is 1001 square kilometers.

natural resources

water resource

The average annual surface water production of Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture is 10.6 billion cubic meters, and the annual inflow of adjacent areas is 3.5 billion cubic meters, including 3.37 billion cubic meters of Tarim River and 130 million cubic meters of Dina river. The annual outbound water volume is 2.6 billion cubic meters, including 1.08 billion cubic meters flowing to Ili region, 870 million cubic meters flowing to Changji Prefecture, 192 million cubic meters flowing to Turpan region and 415 million cubic meters flowing to Qinghai Province. In addition, 2.14 billion cubic meters of water are produced and consumed in Qiangtang plateau and other areas that are difficult to use in the near future. The actual available surface water in the prefecture is 9.36 billion cubic meters. According to the calculation of the average flow of each river, the hydropower reserve of the prefecture is 2.96 million kilowatts, of which 1.4 million kilowatts can be built in the main stream of Kaidu River, and 11 cascade hydropower stations can be built, with an installed capacity of 1.12 million kilowatts.

Biological resources

Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture has 73 species of wild animals, belonging to 6 orders and 18 families, accounting for 56% of the total number of wild animals in Xinjiang; 264 species of birds, belonging to 16 orders and 24 families, accounting for 74% of the total number of birds in Xinjiang; 10 species of amphibians and reptiles; 14 species of fish, of which Xinjiang bighead is a national first class protected animal. The rare wild animals only or mainly distributed in Bazhou are wild camel, swan, przewalskii gazelle, Tarim rabbit, Tarim red deer, Lop Nur argali, white tailed ground crow and Xinjiang big head fish. There are wild camel, wild yak, wild donkey, black necked Crane, black stork and white stork distributed in Bazhou; there are red deer, snow leopard, lynx, argali, rock sheep, North goat, Tibetan antelope, Tibetan gazelle, Przewalski's gazelle, rabbit monkey and Swan distributed in Bazhou; there are black grouse, jade sea carving, golden carving, snow chicken, pelican, red fox and goose larynx antelope distributed in Bazhou Stone mink, snow sweeper, grey crane, Demoiselle Crane. There are more than 2200 kinds of wild plants in the territory, and more than 20 kinds of wild plants with high economic value are Apocynum venetum, reed, licorice, Arnebia, notopterygium, ephedra, cattail, etc.

mineral resources

Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture is rich in mineral resources. There are three and six "358" integrated exploration projects, all of which are located in Inner Mongolia

Chinese PinYin : Xin Jiang Wei Wu Er Zi Zhi Qu Ba Yin Guo Leng Meng Gu Zi Zhi Zhou