Xiangtan City, Hunan Province

Xiangtan Xiangtan, a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Hunan Province, is also known as "Liancheng" or "Tancheng" because of its abundant Xianglian. It has jurisdiction over Xiangtan County, Shaoshan City, Xiangxiang City, Yuhu District and Yuetang District, with a total population of 2.838 million in 2016. Xiangtan has a total area of 5006 square kilometers, including 168.21 square kilometers of urban area and 79.2 square kilometers of built-up area.

Xiangtan County was founded in the Southern Dynasties, more than 1500 years ago. It is an important birthplace of Huxiang culture and the cradle of Chinese red culture. It has the reputation of "little Nanjing" and "jinxiangtan". There are many heroes in the world, such as Jiang Wan, the famous Prime Minister of Shu Han, Zeng Guofan, Qi Baishi, Mao Zedong, Peng Dehuai, Huang Gonglue, Chen Geng and Tan Zheng.

Xiangtan is a member of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the central city of the pilot area for the comprehensive reform of the "two oriented society" of the national Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration. It has won the honors of China's excellent tourist city, national garden city and national civilized city. On December 7, 2016, Xiangtan was listed as the third batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas. In November 2018, it was selected into the top 100 of the overall well-off index of Chinese cities. On January 29, 2021, it was selected into the list of areas with remarkable achievements in real work in 2020 announced by Hunan Provincial People's government.

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

The name of Xiangtan comes from its geographical features. On the one hand, it is said that this place is located in the Xiangjiang River, and "Tan" is named "Xiangtan". On the other hand, it is more widely accepted, that is, it is named Xiangzhou Tan, or zhaotan, in the Xiangjiang River under Zhaoshan mountain. This tan is actually a deeper section of the Xiangjiang River, but it is quite famous because of its legendary connection with King Zhao of Zhou. As a main geographical feature, it has been named Xiangtan County since the Tang Dynasty.

In Xiangtan City, Xiangnan County, the first county government, was established in the Han Dynasty, and the county town (now Shitan Town, Xiangtan County, Gucheng Village) was built. Since the Tang Dynasty, Xiangtan County was transferred to Luokou (now Yishuhe town of Xiangtan County), which has been established for more than 1200 years. The ancient residents in Xiangtan are known at least 5000 years ago.

Evolution of organizational system

During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the city was located in Jingchu, and Baiyue culture had a great influence. Judging from the unearthed cultural relics, this is the area where the Central Plains culture and the southern culture converge.

In the late Warring States period, Chu divided Changsha County from Qianzhong County, and Xiangtan city belonged to Changsha County. The Qin Dynasty unified China, and the county still belonged to the state.

In the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bang made Wu Rui king of Changsha, and then Liu Fa king of Changsha.

At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xiangxiang county was built, which was divided into Lingling county and Changsha County. In the 20th year of Jian'an (215), Shu and Wu ruled the area of influence, Lingling County belonged to Shu, Changsha County belonged to Wu; in the 24th year of Jian'an (219), Wu attacked Jingzhou, so the city territory belonged to Wu Hengyang County, and the county was governed in the ancient town of Xiangtan County.

Jin, the city belongs to Hengyang County, county governance is still in the ancient town of Xiangtan County. When the Eastern Jin Dynasty separated Xiangzhou from Jingzhou, it belonged to Xiangzhou.

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, the city was under the jurisdiction of the Southern Dynasties and belonged to Hengyang County of Xiangzhou.

Sui, the city is located in Changsha County, Tanzhou. In 749, a new Xiangtan County was established from the north of Xiangtan and Hengshan counties in Sui Dynasty, and the county government was moved to Luokou (now Yisuhe town).

During the Five Dynasties, the city was a territory of Chu state built by MA in the south, and was subordinate to Changsha Prefecture of Tan Prefecture.

In the Song Dynasty, the city was located in Tanzhou, Jinghu South Road. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Xiangtan County moved to Chengzheng street of Xiangtan city.

In the first year of Yuanzhen (1295), Xiangxiang and Xiangtan counties were upgraded to prefectures, belonging to Hunan Tianlin Road, Hunan Province.

In Ming Dynasty, the city belonged to Tanzhou, and Xiangtan and Xiangxiang became counties.

In the Qing Dynasty, the city belonged to Changsha Prefecture.

In August 1949, Xiangtan was peacefully liberated and Xiangtan County People's government was established.

In July 1950, with the approval of the Central South military and political Commission, Chengguan District of Xiangtan County was changed to Xiangtan City, which was subordinate to the Changsha special office (renamed Xiangtan special office in October 1952) which was moved from Yueyang to Xiangtan, and the Xiangtan Municipal People's government was officially established.

In April 1953, the Government Affairs Council approved Xiangtan as a city under the jurisdiction of the province, which was managed by Xiangtan special office.

In September 1968, Xiangtan Revolutionary Committee was established,

In October 1980, Xiangtan Revolutionary Committee was renamed Xiangtan Municipal People's government. In the same year, Xiangtan city was changed into a province directly under the central government.

In August 1983, Xiangtan Prefecture and city were merged, and Liuyang County in Xiangtan area was assigned to Changsha City, Liling County, Youxian County, Chaling County and Lingxian county to Zhuzhou City, and Xiangtan County and Xiangxiang county to Xiangtan city. Xiangtan implements the system of city governing county. The city governs Xiangtan and Xiangxiang counties and Yuhu, Yuetang, Xiangjiang, Bantang and suburban areas.

In 1984, Yintian town and Shaoshan District of Xiangtan County were set up as county-level Shaoshan district under the jurisdiction of Xiangtan city.

In 1986, Xiangxiang county was changed into a city, still under the jurisdiction of Xiangtan city.

In 1990, Shaoshan district was withdrawn to build a city. In 1992, the suburban area of Xiangtan city was changed from Yuhu, Xiangjiang, Yuetang, Bantang and suburb to Yuhu and Yuetang.

On August 12, 2005, the State Council approved (Guo Han No. 72): to move the residence of Xiangtan Municipal People's government from Yuhu Road, Yuhu District, Xiangtan city to Furong Road, Yuetang District, Xiangtan city.

In 2009, according to the resolution of Xiangtan Municipal government, Xiangshui Township with an area of 138 square kilometers was assigned to Yuhu District, which was entrusted by Jiuhua demonstration zone. The area of Yuhu District was expanded from 74 square kilometers to 212 square kilometers.

In 2010, Xiangtang Township and jiangshe town were assigned to the Yuhu District. The area of the Yuhu District increased to 451.39 square kilometers, from the 32nd to the 11th in the 35 administrative districts of the province, and the area expanded more than five times in two years.

On March 20, 2012, Xiangtan Municipal Party committee decided to put seven administrative villages in Longdong town and two administrative villages in Jinshi town of Xiangxiang City into Shaoshan City. After the adjustment, the area of Shaoshan City increased from 211 square kilometers to 247.3 square kilometers.

administrative division

By the end of 2016, Xiangtan city had jurisdiction over Yuhu District, Yuetang District, Xiangxiang City, Shaoshan City and Xiangtan County, and the municipal government was located in Yuetang district.

geographical environment

Location context

Xiangtan is located in the eastern part of the central part of Hunan Province, in the lower reaches of Xiangjiang River. It spans 111 ° 58 ′ - 113 ° 05 ′ E and 27 ° 21 ′ - 28 ° 05 ′ n. Xiangtan City has a maximum horizontal distance of 108 km from east to west and a maximum vertical distance of 81 km from south to north; it connects Ningxiang County, Wangcheng County and Changsha County in the north, Hengdong County, Hengshan County and Zhuzhou County in the south, Zhuzhou City and Zhuzhou County in the East and Shuangfeng County and Lianyuan County in the West. The total area of the city is 5015 square kilometers.

topographic features

Xiangtan city is a typical low Mountain hilly landform, which belongs to basin range mountain system of pseudo mountain, Hengshan and Juanshui basin. The landform outline is high in North, West and south, surrounded by low and medium mountains with Shaofeng, Baozhong mountain, Changshan and Xiaoxia mountain as the main body; the middle and east parts are low and flat, with Xiangjiang River, Lianhe River and Juanshui River as the main body. The city is characterized by "four mountains, one river and two rivers" The skeleton forms the terrain of the hill basin opening to the northeast. The urban area is located in the valley plain of the lower reaches of Xiangjiang River at the opening of the basin. The highest point is located in the Western Baozhong mountain, 793 meters above sea level. The lowest point is jinmazhou at the foot of Zhaoshan mountain, 30.7 meters above sea level. It can be roughly divided into three geomorphic types, i.e. tectonic erosion low hill landform, tectonic erosion denudation low hill landform and erosion accumulation valley plain landform.

climate

Xiangtan city is a typical subtropical warm and humid climate zone, with obvious seasonal climate characteristics: four distinct seasons, abundant precipitation, high temperature in midsummer, cold in winter. According to the statistics of Xiangtan meteorological station from 1991 to 2003, the average annual precipitation is 1425 mm, and the precipitation is concentrated from April to July. During this period, there are many floods. The daily maximum precipitation is 143.6 mm (May 22, 1998), the annual maximum precipitation is 1923.3 mm (1998), and the annual minimum precipitation is 1046.2 mm (2002). The average annual evaporation is 1209.3 mm. The daily maximum evaporation was 12.6 mm (July 19, 1995), the annual maximum evaporation was 1468.4 mm (1992), and the annual minimum evaporation was 816.0 mm (2002). Summer is hot and rainy, winter is cold and humid, the extreme maximum temperature is 41.8 degrees Celsius (August 3, 2003), the minimum temperature is - 12.1 degrees Celsius (January 27, 1991), and the average annual temperature is 17.5 degrees Celsius. In winter, there is more northwest wind and in summer, there is more southeast wind. It is dry in summer, 30 days in summer, 40 days in autumn, 80% in relative humidity and 300 days in frost free period.

hydrology

Xiangtan city belongs to Xiangjiang River system. The surface water system is developed in the area, with Juanshui River and Lianshui River as the main tributaries. Juanshui originates from Ma'anshan, Shuangfeng County, with a width of 70-100 meters; Lianshui is a first-class tributary of Xiangjiang River, which flows through Lianyuan, Loudi and Xiangxiang, and then flows into Xiangjiang River at Xiangtan estuary; Xiangjiang River is located in the east of the city, with smooth flow on the whole. Shuifumiao reservoir is the main water supply source of Loudi City and the water supply source of Shaoshan Irrigation Canal, which belongs to the provincial wetland reserve. In addition, there are Huashi, wayetang, shangshiba and other small reservoirs.

natural resources

Biological resources

The existing forest vegetation in Xiangtan city is mainly artificial forest, with a variety of tree species. There are 16 kinds of timber forest, such as Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana, camphor, thick wood, Phoebe and Baile, and 15 kinds of economic forest, such as Camellia oleifera, tung oil tree, palm, Sapium sebiferum, mulberry, tea, peach, plum and plum