Shantou City, Guangdong Province

Shantou, Shantou for short, is a prefecture level city in Guangdong Province, one of the four cities in Chaoshan, one of the cities in Shantou Chaojie metropolitan area, and a special economic zone. The southern tip of the Hanjiang Delta is north to Chaozhou, West to Jieyang, South to the South China Sea, and across the sea from Taiwan. Hanjiang City, Rongjiang, Lian Jiang and Sanjiang are all the cities in the Chinese mainland. The city has six districts and one county with a total area of 2198.7 square kilometers and a permanent population of 5.6648 million.

Shantou is an important port city along the southeast coast of China, an important gateway to the maritime Silk Road, a sub central city in Guangdong Province, an open port city along the coast of China, a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in China, an excellent tourist city in China, a top 100 city in China's investment environment, a brand economy city in China, a national intellectual property work demonstration city, a national e-commerce demonstration city, and a national information consumption pilot city City, national double support model city, Chinese stationery production base, national transportation hub city. Known as "South China hub, seaside Zou Lu, the hometown of food" reputation.

Shantou is one of the important birthplaces and settlements of Chaoshan people, and one of the important birthplaces and prosperous places of Chaoshan culture. Where there is sea water, there are Chaozhou people. Where there are Chaozhou people, there is no doubt Chaoshan culture. Shantou Chaoshan culture is a branch of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, which has the characteristics of compatibility between Chinese and foreign cultures. It is represented by Chaoshan dialect, Chaoshan English song and dance, Chaozhou Opera, Chaozhou cuisine, Chaozhou embroidery, Gongfu tea, Chaoshan crafts, Chaoshan drawing, Chaoshan folk houses, Chaoshan Shantang, Chaoshan business Gang, Chaoshan woodcarving, greeting the master and leaving the garden. Shantou has more than 5 million overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, covering more than 100 countries and regions in the world.

In March 2019, Shantou successfully won the right to host the third Asian Youth Games in 2021, the fifth Chinese city to win the right to host the intercontinental games after Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing and Hangzhou. On October 23, 2019, it was identified as "the third batch of demonstration cities for urban black and odorous water treatment".

The origin of place names

The name of "Shantou" evolved from the abbreviation of "Sha Shantou". It was used as the name of Chaoshan Administrative Region in 1956 and ended in 1991. Now it refers to Shantou City.

City Scenery of Shantou, Guangdong

History of construction

Shantou City, Guangdong Province, is composed of Chaoyang County, Chenghai county and Nan'ao County. Chaozhou City, Jieyang City and Shantou City in Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province belong to the same administrative region since ancient times. In ancient times, they were subordinate to Yi'an county and Chaozhou Prefecture of Guangdong Province. In modern times, they are subordinate to Chaoshan city and Shantou City of Guangdong Province. In December 1991, the former Shantou City was divided into the present Shantou City, Chaozhou City and Jieyang City.

Shantou Small Park Cultural District

Shantou has a long cultural history. According to the unearthed cultural relics, Chaoshan has a history of more than 10000 years of human life, 8000 years of prehistoric culture and human civilization, and 5000 or 6000 years of civilization.

The Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties belonged to Baiyue, the Xia and Shang Dynasties belonged to Haiyang state (nan'ou state), and the Shang Dynasty belonged to Nanyue.

From the Qin Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms, it was subordinate to Jieyang County, Nanhai county. Jieyang county was set up in the 33rd year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (214 BC), which was subordinate to Nanhai county. Since then, Chaoshan area has a formal administrative system. Jieyang County of Nanhai county includes Shantou City, Chaozhou City and Jieyang City in Guangdong Province, Shanwei City, Meizhou city and southern Zhangzhou City in Fujian Province.

From Jin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Yi'an Prefecture and Chaozhou Prefecture of Guangzhou.

In 331, Jieyang county was divided into four counties, Haiyang, Chaoyang, Haining and sui'an.

In the ninth year of Jin Yixi (413), Yian county was set up in Dongguan County, and Yian county was set up in Jieyang County of Qin and Han Dynasties. The county government was stationed in Haiyang County, with jurisdiction over Haiyang, sui'an, Haining, Chaoyang and Yizhao counties.

In 591, Chaozhou was established in the former Yi'an County, and its government was stationed in Haiyang county. Chaozhou government governs six counties, namely Haiyang, sui'an, Haining, Chaoyang, Yizhao and Chengxiang.

In the Tang Dynasty, Chaozhou had jurisdiction over Haiyang, Chaoyang and Chengxiang counties. Today, it is located in Shantou City, Chaozhou City, Jieyang City, Shanwei City and most of Meizhou city. Since the Tang Dynasty, Chaoshan has become a maritime trade gateway by virtue of its geographical advantages. Lingju nunnery existed in the northern part of Shantou in the late Tang and Five Dynasties.

In the Song Dynasty, Shawei (now Jinsha township) had formed a settlement, and gounan and Yuzhou also had residents. In 1211, when Haiyang County of Chaozhou was replaced by Jieyang County of Chaozhou, the northern part of Shantou City was under its jurisdiction; Haojiang in the southern part of Shantou City was the recruiting capital of Chaoyang County in ancient times, and Shapu capital was added in Song Dynasty. At this time, the recruiting capital and Shapu capital were still under the jurisdiction of Chaoyang County.

In the Yuan Dynasty, there were large fishing villages in the guanghuabu area, called Xialing.

At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, qianhusuo was set up in Pengzhou, which governed duxialing, Pengzhou, Jieyang County, Chaozhou Prefecture, Guangdong Province. In the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, when Chenghai county was newly established in Chaozhou Prefecture, the northern part of Shantou City was separated from Jieyang county and changed to Chenghai County of Chaozhou Prefecture. Because the sand ridge extended to the sea, people set up a fence to catch fish, which was called Shashan. Haojiang District of Shantou City still belonged to Chaoyang County of Chaozhou Prefecture. In 1563, there were three capitals of shangwaipu, zhongwaipu and xiawaipu in Huaide township of Haiyang County, three capitals of Yijiang, crocodile Pu and Pengzhou in Yande township of Jieyang County, and seven capitals of Suwan in Raoping County. Chenghai county was set up under Chaozhou Prefecture, and its county governance was set up in biwang Village of xiawaipu (now Chengcheng).

Shantou fort was built in Chaozhou during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. It was also called Shantou during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng. In 1858, Shantou was set up as a trading port.

In 1912, Nanao county was established.

In 1912, Haiyang county was renamed Chaoan County.

The first year of the Republic of China was 1914, which was the Chaozhou City of Guangdong Province. The rule of Daoism was in Shantou. It was once stationed in Chaozhou City. It has jurisdiction over seven cities, namely Shantou, Chaozhou, Jieyang, Shanwei, Meizhou, Huizhou and Heyuan.

In March 1921, Shantou Municipal Council was established in Shantou.

In July 1921, Shantou Municipal Council established Shantou City Hall, which was divided from Chenghai county.

In 1930, Shantou Municipal Council set up Shantou City, under the Guangdong provincial government.

In 1936, it was the Fifth District of Guangdong Province, and was stationed in Chaoan County. Later, it moved to Shantou. The Fifth District has jurisdiction over today's Shantou City, Chaozhou City, Jieyang City and Fengshun County.

From the founding of the people's Republic of China to 1991, it was subordinate to Chaoshan special region of Guangdong Province, eastern Guangdong administrative region and Shantou region.

At the beginning of the founding of new China, Chaoshan special zone of Guangdong Province was set up.

In 1952, it set up the eastern Guangdong administrative region of Guangdong Province, and managed Chaoan County. It has jurisdiction over 21 counties and 7 cities in Shantou, Chaozhou, Jieyang, Shanwei, Meizhou, Huizhou and Heyuan.

In January 1953, the Chengguan town of Chaoan County and the Chengguan town of Chaoan city were demolished, and Chaoan city was established. In that year, it was renamed Chaozhou City. The counties and cities stood side by side, under the leadership of the eastern Guangdong administrative office.

In 1956, it established Shantou regional Commissioner's office, which is located in Shantou City. Shantou district has jurisdiction over 18 counties of Chaoan, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping, Huilai, Dapu, Puning, Chenghai, Fengshun, Nan'ao, Haifeng, Lufeng, Meixian, Xingning, Wuhua, Jiaoling, Pingyuan, Zhenping and Shantou City. Shantou district has jurisdiction over 5 cities of today's Shantou, Chaozhou, Jieyang, Shanwei and Meizhou.

At the end of 1958, Chaozhou City was abolished and incorporated into Chaoan County.

Meixian district was established in July 1965. The original Xingmei 7 county was separated from Shantou district and belonged to Meixian district. Later, it was changed to Meizhou city.

In July 1965, Jiexi County was established by 13 communes (towns) in the northwest of Jieyang county and 2 communes in Lufeng County. JieXi is named because most of the county is located in the west of Jieyang county. The county government is located in hEPO Town, which is under the jurisdiction of Shantou special region.

In 1968, the Shantou regional Revolutionary Committee was established and stationed in Shantou. Shantou governs 11 counties of Chao'an, Chaoyang, Jieyang, JieXi, Chenghai, Puning, Raoping, Huilai, Nan'ao, Lufeng and Haifeng, and Shantou City. Shantou governs four cities of today's Shantou, Chaozhou, Jieyang and Shanwei.

On August 1, 1979, Chaoan County restored the organizational system of Chaozhou City, under the jurisdiction of Shantou.

In January 1980, Chaozhou City was rebuilt in the area of Chaozhou Town and five brigades including Xiajin, liumu, woshi, huangjintang and Sheguang. The counties and cities were once again separated and under the jurisdiction of Shantou.

In 1981, with the approval of the State Council, the special economic zone was set up in Longhu District of Shantou City on a trial basis, covering an area of 1.6 square kilometers.

In July 1983, Chaoan County was incorporated into Chaozhou City, under the jurisdiction of Shantou City.

In July 1983, Shantou City was merged into a provincial municipality directly under the central government, with jurisdiction over 10 counties and 1 city including Jieyang, Raoping, Chenghai District, Nan'ao, Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai, JieXi, Haifeng, Lufeng, county-level Chaozhou City and 5 districts including Anping. Shantou City governs four cities: Shantou, Chaozhou, Jieyang and Shanwei.

In September 1983, hailufeng was transferred to Huiyang area (in 1988, hailufeng was established as the present Shanwei City), and Shantou City has jurisdiction over the present Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang cities.

In November 1984, with the approval of the State Council, the area of Shantou Special Economic Zone was expanded to 52.6 square kilometers, divided into Longhu and Guangao areas.

In April 1991, Shantou Special Economic Zone expanded to the whole urban area of Shantou, covering an area of 234 square kilometers.

In December 1991, Shantou City was divided into today's Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang. Raoping County was under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou City, Jiexi County, Puning county and Huilai County were under the jurisdiction of Jieyang City, and Nan'ao County, Chenghai County, Chaoyang County and special economic zone were under the jurisdiction of Shantou City. Chaozhou City has been upgraded and expanded into a new Xiangqiao district and a newly restored Chaoan County.

In 2003, with the approval of the State Council, Shantou's administrative divisions were adjusted. Chaoyang and Chenghai were removed from the city and built into districts. Five districts in the original urban area were adjusted and merged into three districts, of which Hepu and DAHAO districts were merged into Haojiang district; Shengping and Jinyuan districts were merged into three districts