Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Beihai, also known as "Zhucheng", is a prefecture level city in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, located in the south of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and on the northeast coast of Beibu Gulf. Beihai is China's earliest foreign trade port and one of the starting points of the maritime "Silk Road". Historically, Beihai is one of the main commodity distribution centers of overseas trade between Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces. It is 206 km away from Nanning, the capital of China, in the northwest, 198 km away from Zhanjiang, Guangdong in the East, and 147 nautical miles away from Haikou, Hainan in the southeast. The terrain is generally high in the north and low in the south, with flat and open terrain; the climate is marine monsoon climate, with typical subtropical characteristics; it has jurisdiction over 3 districts and 1 county, with a total area of 3337 square kilometers; the total population in 2017 was 1754200.

Beihai is an important departure port of the ancient "maritime Silk Road", a national historical and cultural city, and an important component city of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone. Beihai has prominent geographical advantages. It is located at the junction of South China economic circle, southwest economic circle and ASEAN economic circle, and at the center of the junction of Pan Beibu Gulf economic cooperation region. Beihai is the only coastal city in Western China to be listed in the first batch of 14 cities to further open to the outside world. It is also the only coastal city in Western China with deep-water harbor, all-weather airport, high-speed railway and expressway It's a beautiful city.

In 2017, Beihai achieved a GDP of 122.984 billion yuan, an increase of 10.2% over the previous year at comparable prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 19.054 billion yuan, an increase of 3.7%; the added value of the secondary industry was 66.866 billion yuan, an increase of 10.5%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 37.064 billion yuan, an increase of 13.3%. The structure ratio of the three industries is 15.5:54.4:30.1, and their contribution rates to economic growth are 6.2%, 52.5% and 41.3% respectively. The per capita GDP is 74378 yuan. In November 2018, it was selected into the top 100 of the overall well-off index of Chinese cities.

In 2020, it will be selected as one of the top 100 counties and cities in China that are most suitable for home ownership in 2020.

Beihai is one of the top 100 Internet red cities in China. It will be listed in the top 100 Internet red cities in 2020.

Historical evolution

The origin of the name

Beihai, a fishing village of the same name from Dijiao Town, Haicheng District, Beihai City, Guangxi Province, is named Beihai village because the first people who developed here are all dans. They live in a village close to the safe harbor for many years, which faces the North Sea area (Beihai city is a peninsula), so this village is named Beihai village.

The name of Beihai has existed for a long time. The place name of Beihai was formed in the first year of Kangxi (1662). The Qing government set the name of Beihai zhenbiao as the title of the place name of Beihai. Because this kind of statement is frequently quoted and widely quoted, it has become a rule. According to the records of literature and history, "Beihai" can be traced back to the Song Dynasty and even the Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties. During this period, "Beihai" was more often called by foreigners. In June 1965, Beihai was transferred from Guangdong Province to Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and the name of Beihai is still used today.

Evolution of organizational system

In the Neolithic age, there were human activities in Beihai. Beihai city belongs to Beihai County, which was called "Baiyue" in ancient times.

In the Shang Dynasty, the people who belonged to Hepu paid tribute to the king of Shang.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Lingnan was called the place of Baiyue, and Beihai was a part of Baiyue.

In the 33rd year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (214 BC), the Qin Dynasty conquered Baiyue and set up Guilin County, Nanhai county and Xiang County in the south of the five ridges.

In Han Dynasty, Beihai was the political, cultural and economic center of Southeast Guangxi and West Guangdong. This is one of the departure ports of China's "maritime Silk Road".

In 203, the eighth year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Hepu County unified five counties, namely Hepu, Xuwen, Gaoliang, Lingyun and zhuya. Beihai belongs to zhuya.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Hepu County was changed into zhuguan County in 228, and Hepu County was restored in 252.

During the two Jin Dynasties, Hepu was the seat of the county. In 330, the fifth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Indian Buddhist Zhihong went to Hepu by sea.

In 479, the first year of Jianyuan in the northern and Southern Dynasties, there were 11 counties in Hepu County, Yantian County in Beihai county and duzhouxian county.

Sui Daye three years (607) changed to Luzhou.

In 622, Hepu County was renamed Yuezhou. Zhuchi county was added in the sixth year of Tang Zhenguan (632), and Yuezhou was renamed as Lianzhou in the eighth year of Tang Zhenguan (634), which was named after the incorruptible officials in the past dynasties. Anchang was abolished in the twelfth year of Tang Zhenguan (638), and Zhuchi county and Hepu County entered. In the first year of Tang Tianbao (742), Lianzhou was renamed Hepu County.

In the first year of qianheng in the Southern Han Dynasty (917), it was renamed Lianzhou, tonghepu, Fengshan, cailong and Dalian.

In 962, it was changed into Meizhou capital. In the eighth year of Taiping's rejuvenation of the state of Song Dynasty (983), Lianzhou was abolished and moved to Haimen 30 Li (Beihai) to build the Taiping army, and the ancient city of Lianzhou was built. From the establishment of Yantian County in the southern and Northern Dynasties (479) to the second year of Jingkang (1127) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Beihai successively set up Yantian County, Haimen town, Luzhou, Zhuchi County, Dongluo county and other administrative regions in Beihai.

In 1293, the city shipping department was set up in Lianzhou, which was specialized in shipping and foreign ships. When the "bow regulations" were adopted, it was one of the six largest cities shipping departments in China. Yangzhou was captured and 11 counties were unified.

In the first year of Hongwu (1368) of Ming Dynasty, Huguang was established as the province of Guangdong and Guangxi, changed Lianzhou road into the government, and led Hepu and Shikang counties. In March, it was subordinate to Guangxi Province, and in April it was subordinate to Guangdong Province. Beihai belongs to Guangdong since then. In October of 1374, the government of Lianzhou was demoted to Lianzhou, and Hepu County was removed to Shikang county. In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), Qinzhou was reduced to a county, which belongs to Lianzhou with Lingshan and belongs to Leizhou Prefecture. Hongwu 14 years (1381) in May, Fu Lianzhou for the government, Qin County for the state. Lianzhou, the government led Hepu, Lingshan, Shikang three counties and Qinzhou. In the eighth year of Chenghua (1472), Shikang county was removed and merged into Hepu County, which was subordinate to Lianzhou. Beihai belongs to Hepu County.

In 1662, the first year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Beihai zhenbiao (military construction) was set up. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Beihai city began to take shape. In 1855, Zhuchang Inspection Department moved to Beihai, marking the Beihai Bay Center moved from Lianzhou (Hepu) to Beihai, Beihai port commercial city began to form. In 1876, the Treaty of Yantai was signed between China and Britain. Beihai, together with Yichang, Wuhu and Wenzhou, became a trading port.

Liberated on December 4, 1949, it was a town at that time, under the jurisdiction of Hepu County (Guangdong South Road special area). He was a city under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province before January 1951, and entrusted the leadership of Guangxi Province in May of the same year.

In March 1952, it was officially assigned to Guangxi.

In May 1955, he returned to Guangdong.

In 1956, it was reduced to a county-level city.

In 1958, it was reduced to Beihai people's commune of Hepu County (belonging to Zhanjiang District).

In 1959, it was changed into a county-level town.

In 1964, it was restored as a county.

In June 1965, it was transferred to Guangxi.

In October 1983, it was upgraded to prefecture level city.

On July 1, 1987, Hepu County was under the jurisdiction of Beihai city.

In February 1995, the suburbs were abolished and Yinhai district was established; Tieshan port area was added, with Nankang and Yingpan towns under the jurisdiction of Hepu County, and Xinggang town was added.

administrative division

As of July 2018, Beihai City has jurisdiction over Haicheng District, Yinhai District, Tieshangang district and Hepu County, with a total of 23 towns, 7 streets, 341 villages and 86 communities. Beihai Municipal People's government is located at No. 2, Donger lane, Haicheng District.

geographical environment

Location context

Beihai city is located in the south of Guangxi and the east coast of Beibu Gulf, between 108 ° 50 ′ 45 ″ - 109 ° 47 ′ 28 ″ E and 20 ° 26 ′ - 21 ° 55 ′ 34 ″ n, with a span of 114 km from north to South and 93 km from east to west. Guangdong in the East, Hainan across the sea in the South and Vietnam in the West. It is 124 nautical miles from Beihai harbor to Haikou, 255 nautical miles from Zhanjiang, 480 nautical miles from Guangzhou, 425 nautical miles from Hong Kong and 157 nautical miles from Haiphong, Vietnam; it is 204 km from Nanning, 106 km from Qinzhou and 171 km from Fangcheng. The total area is 3337 square kilometers

topographic features

The continental part of Beihai city is a rhinoceros horn shaped Peninsula, the terrain is generally high in the north and low in the south, the terrain is flat and open, the altitude is generally low, belonging to the coastal plain; the island part is high in the South and low in the north, the altitude is generally slightly higher than the continental part, belonging to the volcanic platform. The coastal plain is the main geomorphic unit in the continental region, with flat terrain, slightly inclined from north to south, slightly undulating surface, little undulation in the south, slightly large rise and fall in the north, and composed of Quaternary clay sand, sandy clay, gravel sand and other loose sediments; it is a coastal plain dominated by alluvial deposition. There are isolated residual mounds of bedrock scattered on it, and several small rivers and streams are developed. Along the coast, there are marine landforms, with marine erosion landforms in the northwest and marine deposition landforms in the south. Coastal landforms are distributed in the continental area, along the coast of Weizhou Island and Xieyang Island, and can be divided into two types: marine erosion landforms and marine accumulation landforms.

climate

Beihai city is located in the southernmost part of Guangxi, at low latitude, close to Beibu Gulf. The climate of Beihai city is marine monsoon climate, with typical subtropical characteristics. The winter half year (October to March) is mainly controlled by northerly monsoon, and the summer half year (April to September) is mainly affected by tropical high, strong wind and southerly wind. Autumn and spring, long summer without winter, summer without heat, pleasant climate. The wind direction distribution in the North Sea has typical monsoon characteristics. Southerly wind prevails in summer and northerly wind prevails in winter. April and September are alternate periods of winter summer monsoon. In April, the winter monsoon changed to the summer monsoon, with the highest frequency

Chinese PinYin : Guang Xi Zhuang Zu Zi Zhi Qu Bei Hai Shi