Nanyang City, Henan Province

Nanyang

Nanyang, formerly known as Wan, is a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Henan Province. It is an important transportation hub in the central region approved by the State Council and a regional central city in the border area of Henan, Hubei and Shaanxi. By the end of 2019, the city has jurisdiction over 2 administrative regions, 10 counties and 1 county-level city, with a total area of 2650900 square kilometers and a permanent resident population of 10.0316 million.

Nanyang is a national famous historical and cultural city with a history of more than 2000 years. It is located in the southwest of Henan Province and the junction of Henan, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. It is named for its location to the south of Funiu Mountain and the north of Han River. Xichuan, Nanyang, is one of the most important core water sources in the world.

In 2020, Nanyang's GDP will reach 392.586 billion yuan, an increase of 2.2%.

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Historical evolution

Nanyang has a long history. As early as five or six hundred thousand years ago, the Nanzhao ape man, who lived at the same time as the Peking ape man, used stone tools to collect, fish and hunt, and lived in the upper reaches of the Baihe River. About five or six thousand years ago, villages and houses appeared, and handicraft industries such as agriculture, animal husbandry and pottery making emerged. In Shang Dynasty, there were Xie, Chu and Deng. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, Nanyang belonged to Jingzhou. Because it was in the south of the Zhou Dynasty, it was called "Zhounan" by the Zhou people. There were Shen, Lu, Chu, Wei, Liao, Deng and other countries in Nanyang. During the spring and Autumn period, most of them entered Chu, where they set up Wanyi. The Warring States period belonged to Chu and Han. In the early Qin Dynasty, Nanyang County was established as one of the 36 counties in China. The Han Dynasty inherited the Qin Dynasty, and still established Nanyang County, with Hongnong County as well. Its jurisdiction is equivalent to the south of Xionger mountain in Henan Province and the north of Dahu mountain in Hubei Province. Nanyang's economic and cultural development reached its peak in history. Jin set Nanyang state and Yiyang, Shunyang county. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, the construction was changeable. In Sui Dynasty, Nanyang County, Yangjun county and Xiyang County were set up, and there were Huaian County and Chongling county.

In the Tang Dynasty, there were ten roads in the world, and Nanyang was under the jurisdiction of Shannandao. During the 90 years from Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty, to Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, Nanyang successively established chunzhou, Lizhou, Xizhou, beilizhou, Wanzhou, Fuzhou, Xianzhou, Huzhou, Xinzhou, Luzhou and Xianzhou. Xuanzong Tianbao first year (742) changed the state to county, Dengzhou called Nanyang County, tangzhou called Huai'an county. In the first year of emperor Qianyuan (758) of suzong, the county was changed to state, and the counties were merged. Now Nanyang city has bizhou Huaian County and Dengzhou Nanyang County. After the reign of Zhenguan and Kaiyuan, Nanyang was prosperous in agriculture, industry and commerce. Li Bai said in "the southern capital line": "the clear song suppresses the flowing clouds, the erotic dance has spare time, invites you to visit shengwanluo, the canopy returns with the wind."

Song Dynasty: Nanyang was under the jurisdiction of jingxinan road. Nanyang was called wushengjun. There were two prefectures, Tang and Deng, under which there were counties. Dengzhou governed five counties, namely, Huo, Nanyang, Neixiang, Xichuan and Shunyang. Tangzhou governs Miyang, Huyang, Tongbai, Fangcheng and other counties.

In Yuan Dynasty, Nanyang Prefecture was changed into Nanyang Prefecture. It belongs to Zhongshu province of Henan Province. It governs five prefectures, three of which are in today's city; Nanyang Prefecture leads Zhenping and Nanyang counties; Dengzhou leads Neixiang, Shunyang, Xichuan, Xinye and Luanchuan counties; tangzhou leads Miyang, Huyang, Tongbai and Fangcheng counties. The other two prefectures have jurisdiction over Linru, Yichuan, Jiaxian, Baofeng, Lushan, Yexian, Wuyang, Lushi, Luanchuan and other counties. During this period, Xichuan and Shunyang were merged into Neixiang.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Nanyang was the fiefdom of Zhu Tamarix, the 23rd son of Zhu Yuanzhang. During the Yongle period, a large-scale Tang Palace was built in Nanyang city. During the Chenghua period, nine prefectures and palaces were built. There were many royal families and nobles in Nanyang city. Business was active. Merchants from mountain, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan and Hubei came in droves. All kinds of business guilds and mansions rose everywhere, including grain and cotton Raw silk, tobacco, silk and satin, oil, fur, wood, medicinal materials, bronze, iron and so on poured into the market and sold all over the country. At that time, Nanyang was prosperous in all fields, with new development in architecture, garden, painting, sculpture, calligraphy and so on.

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the construction industry was particularly developed. The ancient buildings such as Wuhou and Shanshan guild hall were magnificent and magnificent. Nanyang was the main traffic route from Beijing to Huguang and yunguichuan. The land post road was connected with the waterway wharf, which was known as "South boat and North horse". Nanyang became the economic center of Southwest Henan. In the 10th year of Guangxu period, Zhenping began to produce silk, which was exported to Europe and Southeast Asia.

During the period of the Republic of China, there were 11 administrative regions in Henan, and Nanyang was the sixth administrative region, with jurisdiction over 13 counties: Nanyang County, Nanzhao, Tanghe, Zhenping, Fangcheng, Deng County, Neixiang, Tongbai, Xinye, Xichuan, Biyang, Ye County and Wuyang county.

Period of the people's Republic of China: (1949) after its establishment, Nanyang administrative office designated Ye County and Wuyang. Xixia and Nanyang still have jurisdiction over 13 counties and cities, namely Nanyang City, Nanzhao, Fangcheng, Biyang, Tanghe, Xinye, Tongbai, Zhenping, Xichuan, Deng County, Neixiang, Xixia and Nanyang. In March 1949, the newly established Henan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish Nanyang prefectural committee, and announced that ye county and Wuyang County under the original jurisdiction of Nanyang special office were under the jurisdiction of Xuchang Prefecture. Nanyang City, Nanyang County, Nanzhao County, Zhenping county, Neixiang County, Xichuan County, Deng County, Xinye County, Tanghe County, Tongbai County, Miyang county and Fangcheng county were under the jurisdiction of Nanyang special office. On November 13, 1965, the 159th plenary session of the State Council approved the establishment of Sheqi county. Premier Zhou Enlai changed his name from "credit flag" to "community flag" in person, implying the meaning of "socialist flag". Sheqi county is divided into Nanyang County, Tanghe County, Fangcheng county and Biyang County. In 1966, Nanyang administrative office still had jurisdiction over 13 counties and cities. With the approval of the State Council, Henan Province added Zhumadian area and designated Biyang County as Sheqi county. These 13 counties and cities were Nanyang City, Nanyang County, Nanzhao County, Fangcheng County, Tanghe County, Xinye County, Tongbai County, Deng County, Xichuan County, Neixiang County, Xixia County, Zhenping county and Sheqi county. In July 1994, the State Council approved the abolishment of Nanyang Prefecture and the establishment of a prefecture level Nanyang City, under the leadership of the city leading the county. In 2014, the pilot project of Dengzhou city was directly under the provincial government.

administrative division

Nanyang city has jurisdiction over two districts, ten counties and one county-level city, namely: Wancheng District, Wolong District, Dengzhou City, Nanzhao County, Zhenping county, Neixiang County, Xichuan County, Xinye County, Tanghe County, Tongbai County, Fangcheng County, Xixia County and Sheqi county.

In addition to the formal administrative divisions, Nanyang city also establishes the following economic functional zones: Nanyang high tech Industrial Development Zone (national level), Nanyang New District, Nanyang Guanzhuang industrial zone and Nanyang Yahe industrial zone.

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geographical environment

position

Nanyang is located in the southwest of Henan Province and at the junction of Henan, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. It is a basin surrounded by mountains on three sides and opened in the south. It is named for its location in the south of Funiu Mountain and the north of Han River. Mountains, hills and plains account for about one-third of the total area, with a total area of 26.59 million square kilometers. Nanyang basin is located in the upper reaches of the Han River and the source of the Huaihe River. There are Qinling Mountains and Funiu Mountains in the north, Daba Mountains and Wudang Mountains in the west, Tongbai mountains and Dabie Mountains in the East, surrounded by mountains on three sides, forming a basin of nearly 30000 square kilometers in the middle. It is a natural capital of victory. Its geological structure is very stable, and there has been no major earthquake for more than 1000 years. The ancients once described "Nanyang, the place of Guangwu, has high mountains to control, Wide cities and plain fields to garrison troops.". To the west, we can summon officers and soldiers; to the East, we can transport grain and millet; to the south, we can take goods from Jinghu and Bashu; to the north, we can send rescuers to refuse the three capitals. " Nanyang has been located in the Central Plains since ancient times, between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. It is the most suitable living environment for human beings, with the moistening of heaven and the grace of mountains and rivers.

hydrology

Nanyang city is divided into three river basins: most of the central and western regions belong to the Han River Basin (Yangtze River Basin), Tongbai County in the southeast is the birthplace of the Huaihe River, which belongs to the Huaihe River Basin, and a small area in the north of Nanzhao county belongs to the Yellow River basin. Rivers belong to the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. There are ten rivers with a length of more than 100 kilometers. The main rivers in Nanyang city are Danjiang River, Tanghe River, Baihe River, Huaihe River, Guanhe River and Tuanhe river. Danjiangkou reservoir is mainly distributed in Xichuan, Nanyang, which is the largest artificial freshwater lake in Asia. Mountains: there are Funiu Mountains in the northwest of Nanyang and Tongbai mountains in the southeast. There are nine isolated mountains in Nanyang City, which are Fengshan, Yinshan, Pushan, Dushan, yangmoshan, Zishan, Zheshan and Tazishan.

climate

Nanyang is located in the transition zone from subtropical zone to temperate zone, belonging to the monsoon continental humid and semi humid climate, with four distinct seasons. The spring and autumn time is 55-70 days, the summer time is 110-120 days, and the winter time is 110-135 days. The annual average temperature is 14.4-15.7 ℃, the average temperature in July is 26.9-28.0 ℃, and the average temperature in January is 0.5-2.4 ℃. The annual rainfall is 703.6-1173.4mm, decreasing from southeast to northwest. The annual sunshine hours are 1897.9-2120.9 hours, and the annual frost free period is 220-245 days.

natural resources

water resource

Nanyang is the core water source and canal head of the Middle Route Project of South to north water diversion. There are many rivers in the city, which belong to the Yangtze River, Huaihe River and yellow river systems. There are 10 rivers with a length of more than 100 kilometers. The main rivers in Nanyang city include Danjiang River, Tanghe River, Baihe River, Huaihe River, Tuanhe River, Diaohe River, Guanhe River, etc., with a mining capacity of about 858 million cubic meters

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Sheng Nan Yang Shi