Suizhou City, Hubei Province

Suizhou, located in the north of Hubei Province, is the birthplace of Yandi Shennong, the first ancestor of China. Suizhou is located at the intersection of the Yangtze River Basin and Huaihe River Basin, connecting Wuhan in the East, Xiangyang in the west, Nanyang and Xinyang in the north and Jingzhou in the south. It is the "hub of Jingyu", the "throat of Hanxiang", and the "important town of Northern Hubei" It is an important relay station and transfer station from east to West for the state to implement the strategy of developing the western region. It is a prefecture level city approved by the State Council on June 25, 2000. The city covers an area of 9636 square kilometers with a total population of 2.58 million.

In ancient times, Suizhou was called "the country of Eastern Han Dynasty" and a famous historical and cultural city in China. Dahong mountain, a famous scenic spot in Jingchu, is known as "the first peak in the sky in the north of Chu". It is a national nature reserve with beautiful scenery and peculiar landscape.

In 2019, the city's GDP will reach 116.223 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.8% at comparable prices. On December 13, 2018, Suizhou was selected into the list of agricultural products advantage zones with Chinese characteristics.

Historical evolution

Suizhou's name "Sui" originated from the ancient "Sui clan". According to the records of Shiben Zuozhuan written by the historian during the Warring States Period: "Sui, zuosheng. It's four inches long and thirteen springs, like the body of a phoenix and the sound of the first moon. " Song Zhongzhu: "with, female cochlear's minister." It can be seen that "Suiren" is not only a clan that created Shenghuang and loved singing and dancing in ancient times, but also a "minister", "vassal" or descendant of the "empress" nvcho family. It is a clan with the same blood relationship as Nuwa family, Shennong family and Lieshan family. At that time, "Suiren" first took "Xi" as the totem ("Xi" is the synonym of "Xi"). Later, it evolved into the worship of "boar" totem. It was an indigenous clan living and reproducing in the southern Dahong mountain. It depended on fishing and hunting for a living, and later extended to Tongbai mountain area. One of them, the son of Lieshan's family, called Zhu, started primitive agriculture and animal husbandry, and worshiped the totem of cattle and pigs. Up to now, Suizhou still has the custom of worshiping unicorn and pig head with chopsticks.

With the development of the clan, one of the clans expanded northward with the emperor. From the Xia Dynasty to the early Shang Dynasty, they established the Xifang state in the Central Plains. At the same time, from the middle Shang Dynasty to the end of the Warring States period, there were three kingdoms in Suijing, namely, Li, Sui and Tang. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, King Wu of Zhou granted 40 people surnamed Ji, among them, Sui and Tang were feudal Suijing.

From the Qin Dynasty to the present, the establishment of Suizhou changed frequently, but most of the time, it became the political, economic, military and cultural center of Jianghan and Northern Hubei.

At the end of the Warring States period, Chu was destroyed and the county was built. Yiyang County was set up in Jin Dynasty, Suiyang County was set up in northern and Southern Dynasties, then Suijun and beisuijun, and Handong and Yiyang counties were set up in Northern Zhou Dynasty. In the Western Wei Dynasty, it was promoted to a state, governing counties and counties. In Sui Dynasty, there were still prefectures, and later the abandoned prefectures were set up as eastern counties of Han Dynasty. In Tang Dynasty, the county was changed to Suizhou. Song and Yuan Dynasties were still Suizhou. After the Republic of China, the Prefecture was abandoned as a county. During the Anti Japanese War, the three special district offices of Hubei Province of the national government were set up in suixian county.

Suizhou is a place for military strategists of all dynasties. Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi admired Dahongshan's natural aura and beautiful mountains and rivers. They went to Dahongshan for inspection successively, so they said, "sacrifice Yao and Shun to Jiuyi mountain (Dahongshan)". At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Chen Mu and Liao Zhan, who lived in Pinglin (now Suizhou ancient town), raised their troops to revolt, calling them "Pinglin soldiers, defeated Wang Mang army, and established the Eastern Han Dynasty". In the ninth year of Taikang, Emperor Wu granted Sima Mai as the king of Suizhou In the second year of Tai'an, Zhang changju, a native of Yiyang (now Suizhou's northern border), uprised and established Liu Ni (Li Shen) as emperor. He restored the Han Dynasty and established the "Shenfeng" of the Yuan Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, a group of famous anti Jin and anti yuan generals and national heroes emerged in Suizhou, such as Meng Zongzheng, Li Tingzhi, Bian Juyi, etc In the 10th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, Zhang Xianzhong and Li Zicheng conquered Suizhou and established the first revolutionary regime in Suizhou history, and Wang Lu was appointed as the herdsman of Suizhou. In the 5th year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, Zhao Bangbi, a native of luohuli (now Changgang town of Zengdu District), raised his troops and conquered Suizhou, De'an and other five prefectures. Nearly a thousand Suizhou people, including Lin Yizhi, Fang Wei, Xie Shiqin, Li Yanan and Wu Shaobo, participated in the Wuchang Uprising and held important military and political posts.

During the revolutionary war, Suizhou had a more glorious revolutionary tradition. During the great revolution, the movement of workers, peasants and young women was in full swing. During the agrarian revolution, the "Autumn Harvest Uprising" in suixian was successful, and three Soviet regimes were established. The enlarged meetings of the central sub bureaus of Western Hunan and Western Hubei, Henan, Hubei and Anhui were held in Suizhou. The Fourth Front Army of the Red Army started the long march from suinan. The central special committee of Northern Hubei was located in Suizhou Gaomiao; during the Anti Japanese War, suixian county was the command hub of the Anti Japanese war in the Hubei Henan border region. The CPC Central Hubei Provincial Committee, SuiZao Prefecture Committee, Southern Henan Prefecture Committee, and Hongshan Prefecture Committee were all located in Suizhou; the Anti Japanese working committee of the Hubei Henan border region and the Anti Japanese joint regime of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party under the jurisdiction of the thirteen counties were established in Junchuan County; the fifth division of the New Fourth Army established its army in jiukouyan, Suizhou, and established three county-level Anti Japanese civilian organizations During the period of the liberation war, the Party committee, administrative office, military region of Jianghan District and Hongshan Prefecture Committee, special office and military division were always stationed in suixian county.

On May 16, 1949, Suijing suixian county and Hongshan county were juxtaposed under the special offices of Xiaogan and Xiangyang respectively. On April 30, 1955, the people's Committee of Hubei Province ordered on the 13th that the system of Hongshan county be abolished and its jurisdiction be merged into Yicheng, Zhongxiang, Zaoyang and suixian counties respectively.

In November 1979, with the approval of the State Council, Suizhou city was established on the basis of Chengguan town and Beijiao commune of suixian County, coexisting with suixian county.

On August 19, 1983, the State Council issued a circular No. 164, revoking the system of Suizhou county and merging its administrative region into Suizhou city. On November 20, the county and city officially worked together.

On August 26, 1991, No.45 document of Hubei Provincial People's government decided to include the development of Suizhou City in the overall planning of the whole province, with each planning index directly listed separately.

On November 4, 1994, the people's Government of Hubei Province issued a Notice No. 152, stating that Suizhou city is directly under the jurisdiction of the province.

In June 2000, the State Council approved the establishment of Suizhou city at the prefecture level. The former Suizhou city at the county level was renamed Zengdu District, which was subordinate to Suizhou city at the prefecture level and was entrusted with the administration of Guangshui city.

In 2009, the State Council approved Suizhou city to re-establish suixian County, that is, within the original Suizhou City Zengdu district (the seat of the municipal government), some towns were set up as suixian County, and Zengdu District remained; Suizhou city governed suixian county and Zengdu District, and took charge of Guangshui city.

administrative division

As of November 2020, Suizhou City has jurisdiction over Guangshui City, Zengdu district and suixian county. The municipal government is located at 9 Yingbin Avenue, Zengdu district.

geographical environment

Location context

Suizhou is located in the north of Hubei Province. Its geographical location is between 31 ° 19 ′ n to 32 ° 26 ′ N and 112 ° 43 ′ e to 113 ° 46 ′ E. It is located at the intersection of the Yangtze River Basin and the Huaihe River Basin, connecting Wuhan in the East, Xiangyang in the west, Nanyang and Xinyang in Henan Province in the north, and Jingshan and Zhongxiang in Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province in the south. The city is about 130 kilometers long from north to South and 105 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 9636 square kilometers.

topographic features

The terrain of Suizhou is gently inclined from north to south to the middle. In the south, North and West, there are low mountains and hills about 200 meters above sea level. In the middle, there are Pituo hills below 100 meters above sea level. In the southeast corner, there is Pingchuan about 60 meters above sea level. The highest point is taibaiding in the north, with an altitude of 1140 meters, and the lowest point is the riverbed at the exit of southeast water, with an altitude of 47 meters. The landform of the whole area is divided into five areas. Dahong mountain and Tongbai mountain are the veins of the mountains in the territory, which are distributed from northwest to Southeast.

climate

Suizhou is located in the middle of the mid latitude monsoon circulation region, belonging to the north subtropical monsoon climate. Due to the influence of the seasonal changes of solar radiation and monsoon circulation, Suizhou has a mild climate, four distinct seasons, sufficient light, abundant rainfall, long frost free period and short duration of severe cold and heat. According to statistics, the average annual precipitation in most areas is 865-1070 mm, the total annual light is between 2009.6-2059.7 hours, the average annual temperature is 15.5 ℃, and the frost free period is 220-240 days.

hydrology

Suizhou City has many rivers, including 139 famous Changliu rivers and countless nameless streams. According to its classification, it can be divided into four major river basins: Fuhe River Basin, accounting for 79.4% of the city's basin area; Huaihe River Basin, accounting for about 10% of the city's basin area; Hanshui River Basin, accounting for 7.5% of the city's basin area; zhangshui River Basin, accounting for 3.1% of the city's basin area. There are Yunshui, Huaihe, Zhanghe, Dafushui and other rivers. The main tributaries are Jishui, piaoshui, Wanshui, junshui, Langhe, liujiahe, Changan, Qingshui, Youhe, shilichong and Sanjia rivers.

natural resources

plant resources

There are more than 760 species of plants belonging to 137 families in Suizhou City, including 355 species of main woody plants belonging to 174 genera and 71 families. There are more than 60 national key protected plants, such as Ginkgo biloba, Phoebe bournei, Phoebe Zhennan, Sinojackia, xiangguoshu, Qingtan, shanguazao, niubishuan, boxwood, huangshanmulan, Tianmu Curcuma, Corylus heterophylla, Magnolia officinalis, orchid, etc. Precious medicinal materials include Fritillaria hupehensis, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv, Baigan, Galla chinensis, Hedysarum aestivum, Lobelia chinensis, etc.

Animal Animal

Domestic livestock and poultry in Suizhou mainly include pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks and geese. There are 123 species of birds in 11 families, 55 species of mammals in 10 families, and more than 120 species of national and provincial key protected animals, such as pheasant, Rhododendron, pangolin, giant salamander, leopard, etc. Aquatic products

Chinese PinYin : Hu Bei Sheng Sui Zhou Shi