Huludao City, Liaoning Province

Huludao Huludao, a prefecture level city of Liaoning Province, is located in the western coast of Liaoning Province. Its central geographic location is 120 ° 38 'e and 40 ° 56' n. It is adjacent to Jinzhou in the East, Shanhaiguan in the west, Bohai Bay in the south, Chaoyang in the north, and Dalian, Yingkou, Qinhuangdao, Qingdao and other cities to form the Bohai economic circle. It is an important gateway for Northeast China to enter the pass. By the end of 2019, Huludao City has a total area of 10400 square kilometers, three districts, two counties and one city, with a total population of 2.758 million.

Huludao City, formerly known as Jinxi City, was upgraded to a provincial city in 1989, belonging to the continental monsoon climate of north temperate zone; it is close to mountains and sea, and the terrain gradually decreases from northwest to Southeast. Huludao has four main traffic arteries: Beijing Harbin highway, G1 Beijing Harbin expressway, Shenshan railway and Qinhuangdao Shenyang passenger dedicated line of Beijing Harbin line. Huludao port and Suizhong port are the main maritime transportation arteries. The coastline is 261 kilometers long and the coastal waters are rich in seafood. The western mountainous area is rich in mineral resources, including molybdenum, zinc, gold, limestone and other reserves. There are more than 40 natural and cultural landscapes in the territory, including Xingcheng ancient city, jiumenkou water Great Wall, Jieshi site, etc. There are many bathing places along the coast, and there are 6 larger ones. Among them, Xingcheng, Longwan, zhiluowan and other places have blue water and white sand, which are good places for summer tourism.

Huludao is China's excellent tourism city, National Forest City and national garden city. It is the permanent host city of China International swimsuit Culture Expo and other activities. It once co sponsored the 2013 National Games of the people's Republic of China.

In 2020, Huludao's GDP will reach 77.04 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 4.8% at comparable prices. By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 14.11 billion yuan, up 3.0% year on year; the added value of the secondary industry was 25.96 billion yuan, down 11.0% year on year; the added value of the tertiary industry was 36.96 billion yuan, down 2.3% year on year.

Historical evolution

Huludao City was originally named Jinxi city. Although Jinxi city was established late, it has a long history.

The cultural relics, sites and relics excavated from the city confirm that human beings worked, multiplied and lived here tens of thousands of years ago. According to the identification of dinosaur fossils unearthed in the northern area of nuanchengzhen, Nanpiao District in May 1982, it has a history of 150 million years. In June 1921, Dr. tesheng, a Swedish geologist, identified the human bones, stone tools, bone artifacts and painted pottery pieces excavated in the natural cave on the east slope of Erli's daughter-in-law in shapuotun, Nanpiao District. He believed that the relics were human relics in the late Neolithic period 7000 years ago. Among them, the red fetal black painted pottery dish and the painted pottery unearthed in Yangshao village, Henan province belong to the same cultural type, and the long necked bottle pottery pieces are from Gansu Province The cultural relics of the same period are the same. The ancient tombs unearthed in Longwang mountain, Suizhong Town, Suizhong County, and the north of si'erbu Town, Suizhong District, all prove that this area belongs to "Hongshan Culture", which is a cultural type of ancient southward going to western Liaoning, and a whole of ancient tribes extending from north to south.

The territory has gone through 18 dynasties or periods of 2831 years since 1991. In the whole history, the longest ruling period is the Han Dynasty (426 years), and the shortest ruling period is the Kuomintang (2 years). The basic ruling order of all dynasties and periods in the territory is as follows: 365 years of the twelve princes (Zhou, Chun and Qiu), 254 years of the Warring States period, 16 years of the Qin Dynasty, 426 years of the Han Dynasty (including the western and Eastern Han Dynasty), 45 years of the three international dynasties, 154 years of the Jin Dynasty (including the 16 states of the western and Eastern Jin Dynasty), 169 years of the northern and Southern Dynasties, 29 years of the Sui Dynasty, 289 years of the Tang Dynasty, 53 years of the Five Dynasties and ten states, 319 years of the Song Dynasty, Liao and Jin Dynasty, 89 years of the Yuan Dynasty, 276 years of the Ming Dynasty, 267 years of the Qing Dynasty, and 0 years of the Republic of China Manchukuo was ruled by Kuomintang for 14 years, and it has been since liberation. At the beginning of liberation, except Jianchang, which belonged to Rehe Province, the rest belonged to western Liaoning Province.

Huludao area belongs to the territory of Yan state in the spring and Autumn period, where Shanrong tribe lived. In the late Warring States period, the state of Yan defeated the Shanrong tribe and set up five counties in the north. Now Suizhong and Xingcheng belong to Liaoxi County, and northwest Jianchang belongs to youbeiping county.

After the unification of Qin Dynasty, the system of enfeoffment was abolished and the system of prefectures and counties was established. Suizhong, Xingcheng, Lianshan and other places belonged to Liaoxi county. In the Western Han Dynasty, the county system was still maintained. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, in the first year of Yongchu (107), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established the Liaodong vassal state. Most of the territory belonged to changliao county (now Changli, Hebei Province) and tuhe county (now Jinzhou), and Jianchang area was occupied by Wuhuan people. After the battle of Bailang mountain, Wuhuan was defeated, and Cao Cao set up Changli County here.

During the Three Kingdoms, the two Jin Dynasties and the northern and Southern Dynasties, most of the areas belonged to Changli County. In the early Sui Dynasty, the two-level system of prefecture and county was implemented, and then the county system was implemented. Most areas belong to Liucheng county (now Chaoyang).

In the first year of Khitan Huitong (938), the name of Khitan was changed to Liao, and Huludao was under its rule.

Jinxi County government was established in 1906, which was named jiangjiatun Fumin hall. It was located in jiangjiatun (today's Gangtun town in Lianshan District) and moved to Lianshan in 1932.

In August 1954, Liaodong and Liaoxi provinces merged, Suizhong, Xingcheng and Jinxi belong to Liaoning Province, Jianchang to Rehe province.

In February 1956, Jinxi, Xingcheng and Suizhong belonged to Jinzhou Special Office of Liaoning Province, and Jianchang to Chaoyang special office.

On February 23, 1956, the State Council approved the establishment of Jinhu Preparatory Committee of Liaoning Province. On September 11, Jinxi city of Liaoning Province was officially established, with Jinxi, Yangjiazhangzi and mazhangfang municipal districts.

In June 1957, the organizational system of Jinxi city was abolished.

In 1966, Jinxi, Xingcheng and Suizhong were under the leadership of Jinzhou City, and Jianchang County was under the leadership of Chaoyang City.

In April 1985, Jinxi County was changed into Jinxi City (county level).

On June 12, 1989, the State Council approved the upgrading of Jinxi city to a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Liaoning Province. Jinxi City (county level), Xingcheng city (county level), Suizhong County, Nanpiao District, Huludao District and Jianchang County under the jurisdiction of Chaoyang City are under the leadership of Jinxi city. According to the new division, the former Jinxi City (county level) was abolished and renamed Lianshan district.

On September 20, 1994, Jinxi city was renamed Huludao City, and the former Huludao District was renamed Longgang District.

administrative division

By the end of 2016, Huludao had jurisdiction over Lianshan District, Longgang District and Nanpiao District, Suizhong County and Jianchang County, and Xingcheng city (one county-level city). The city is divided into 40 streets, 37 towns and 55 townships (including 19 ethnic townships). Huludao Municipal People's government is located at 13 Longwan street, Huludao City.

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geographical environment

Location context

Huludao City is located in the west coast of Liaoning Province, which is an important gateway for Northeast China to enter Guannei. It is adjacent to Jinzhou in the East, Shanhaiguan in the west, Bohai Bay in the South and Chaoyang City in the north. Its geographical coordinates are between 119 ° 12 ′ 47 ″ - 121 ° 02 ′ E and 39 ° 59 ′ - 41 ° 12 ′ n, and its central geographical position is 120 ° 38 ′ E and 40 ° 56 ′ n. The maximum vertical span from north to south is about 133 km, and the maximum vertical span from east to west is about 150 km. The total land area is 10434 square kilometers.

topographic features

Huludao City is close to the mountains and the sea, and its terrain gradually decreases from northwest to Southeast. From the mountainous area above 400 meters above sea level, through the hilly area to the coastal plain below 20 meters above sea level, it forms a long and narrow coastal plain along the Bohai Coast, known as the "Liaoxi corridor". The southern piedmont of Songling mountain and Yanshan Mountain lie obliquely in the northwest, forming a barrier to the northwest of Huludao. The highest peak is Daqingshan in Jianchang, with an altitude of 1223.8 meters. There are overlapping mountains, rolling hills and thick loess cover. Topographically, the city is divided into Northwest Mountainous Area, central hilly area and southeast coastal plain area. Among them: the mountainous area accounts for 41% of the total area, the hilly area accounts for 26% of the total area, and the plain area accounts for 33% of the total area. In Huludao area, forest vegetation is scarce and soil erosion is serious.

climate

Huludao City has a north temperate continental monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is (7.8 ~ 9.0) ℃, which is lower than that of the same period of previous years (0.6 ~ 1.3) ℃. The annual extreme minimum temperature is - 23.3 ℃ (Xingcheng, January 22), and the annual extreme maximum temperature is 33.4 ℃ (Lianshan, August 31). The annual precipitation is 770 ~ 1016 mm, which is 30 ~ 60% higher than that of the same period of previous years. The annual precipitation of zhongjianchang station is the maximum since 1977, and the annual sunshine hours are (2479.2 ~ 2771.3) hours The annual frost free period in Jianchang is 167-217 days.

natural resources

water resource

Huludao City has 4.03 billion cubic meters of surface water resources, equivalent to 386.9 mm of annual runoff depth, an increase of 123.6% over the annual average. The city's groundwater resources are 680 million cubic meters, including 493 million cubic meters in hilly areas, 215 million cubic meters in plain areas, and 28 million cubic meters in Hilly and plain areas.

land resource

Huludao City has a total land area of 10414.93 square kilometers. Agricultural land covers an area of 7271.02 square kilometers, accounting for 69.8% of the total land area. Cultivated land is 2259.08 square kilometers, accounting for 31% of the agricultural land; garden land is 1087.18 square kilometers, accounting for 15% of the agricultural land; forest land is 3088.35 square kilometers, accounting for 42% of the agricultural land; pasture land is 627.28 square kilometers, accounting for 9% of the agricultural land; and other agricultural land is 2

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