Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Aksu region Aksu region is the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The district has jurisdiction over two county-level cities and seven counties, with a total area of 131300 square kilometers and a total population of 2389700.

Aksu region is located in Northwest China, central Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, southern foot of Middle Tianshan Mountains, and Northern Tarim Basin. It is adjacent to Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in the East, Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in the west, Kashgar in the southwest, Hotan in the south, Ili Autonomous Prefecture in the north, and Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan in the northwest. Aksu area is composed of 36 ethnic groups, which is a multi-ethnic area with Uygur as the main body.

Aksu has won the honorary titles of National Tourism City, National Health City, National Forest City, etc. In 2019, the GDP will reach 122.24 billion yuan (including the first division), an increase of 8.1% over the previous year.

Historical evolution

It was inhabited by human beings 7000-6000 BC. In Kuqa, Wensu and Keping counties, traces of early Neolithic human activities are found.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, it has developed into "Chengguo states". Among the 36 states in the western regions, kuci, Gumo and Wensu are all in the present Aksu. In the early Western Han Dynasty, Aksu was the state of Kumo, governing the areas of Baicheng County, Wensu county and Aksu city.

In the second year of shenjue in the Han Dynasty (60 BC), Kumo was under the jurisdiction of the capital of the western regions. During the Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties, Gumo was controlled by kuci.

In the Sui Dynasty, the western regions were made by the Western Turks, and the territory belonged to the western regions Xiaowei.

In the Tang Dynasty, it was called the west of Longyou road. In 647 A.D., kuizi Prefecture was set up. In the next year, the Tang Dynasty moved Anxi Dufu to kuizi. At the same time, Yanqi, kuizi, Khotan and Shule were subordinate to Anxi Dufu, which was called "Anxi four towns" in history.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, kuizi belonged to the Gaochang Uighur kingdom.

In the Yuan Dynasty, it was the fief of Chagatai, the king of Mongolian sect.

In the Ming Dynasty, it was the king's land of Turpan, a descendant of Chagatai.

In the Qing Dynasty, after the Ministry of Junggar was pacified, there were Aksu ministers and then Aksu princes. Aksu road was set up in 1882, and Aksu city was built in 1884.

In 1928, Aksu road was changed to Aksu administrative region. In 1933, it was renamed the fourth administrative region and established the office of the chief executive. In 1943, it became the office of the fourth district administrative inspector.

In November 1949, the fifth division of the second Infantry Corps of the Chinese people's Liberation Army entered Aksu. In July 1950, the Aksu regional Revolutionary Committee was established. In November 1978, it was changed into Aksu District administrative office. In August 1983, Aksu county was changed into Aksu City, under the leadership of Aksu Prefecture. In January 2013, the people's Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region approved the adjustment of some administrative divisions of Aksu City, Awati county and Keping county and the establishment of jinyinchuan town (New Deal Letter No. 17): it was agreed that the areas of 802.733 square kilometers of Aksu City, 474.208 square kilometers of Awati county and 61.798 square kilometers of Keping county (a total of 1338.739 square kilometers) would be under the jurisdiction of alar city Jinyinchuan town was established, and the town government was stationed in the first division and first regiment. In December 2019, with the approval of the State Council and the reply of the Ministry of civil affairs, Kuqa County was abolished and Kuqa city at county level was established.

administrative division

Aksu Prefecture governs nine county-level administrative regions, including two county-level cities and seven counties. They are Aksu City, Kuqa City, Wensu County, Shaya County, Xinhe County, Baicheng County, Wushi County, Awati county and Keping county. Aksu District administrative office is located at No. 5, West Street, Aksu city.

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geographical environment

Location context

Aksu region is located between 78 ° 03 ′ e to 84 ° 07 ′ E and 39 ° 30 ′ n to 42 ° 41 ′ n, at the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain and the northern edge of Tarim Basin, in the middle of Southern Xinjiang, bordering Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in the East, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan in the west, Hotan region, Kashgar region and Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in the south, and Tianshan Mountain as the watershed in the north, It borders on Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture. The total area of the region is 132500 square kilometers, and the border line is 235 kilometers long.

topographic features

Aksu area is high in the north and low in the south, which inclines from northwest to Southeast. The highest point in the territory is Tomur peak, which is 7435.3 meters above sea level; the lowest point is on both sides of Tarim River, which is 945-1020 meters above sea level; there are many peaks in the north, the vast Taklimakan Desert in the south, the Piedmont gravel fan-shaped land, alluvial plain area, Gobi and oasis in the middle and low mountains and hills; there are large areas of natural grassland with abundant water and grass, and Heiyin mountain in between Basin, Baicheng basin, Keping basin and Wushi valley; the middle and lower parts of Piedmont proluvial alluvial inclined plain are flat, rich in water and fertile land, which are the old oases of the region; the desert areas are distributed in the middle and lower reaches of Tarim River and the north of Taklimakan Desert.

hydrology

Aksu region is one of the regions with the most abundant water resources in Xinjiang. The Tarim River, Aksu River and Duolang River are important in the region. The total amount of water resources is 630 million cubic meters, and the groundwater reserve is 500 million cubic meters. There are Shengli reservoir in the South and Duolang reservoir in the north, with a total capacity of 148 million cubic meters. The largest freshwater lake is Eichmann lake, with an area of 26.57 square kilometers.

climate

Aksu region is located in the depth of the Eurasian continent, far from the ocean, and has a warm temperate arid climate, with the remarkable characteristics of continental climate: dry climate, large evaporation, scarce precipitation, and large annual and seasonal changes; sunny days, long sunshine time, rich heat resources; severe climate change, cold winter and hot summer, large temperature difference between day and night, and small annual wind speed.

Aksu area has a vast territory, complex terrain, and significant climate differences: the northern and western mountainous areas are humid and rainy, cool in summer, cold in winter, and snowing in the alpine zone in all seasons; the plain areas are relatively dry except Baicheng basin and Wushi Valley, hot in summer and cold in winter; the Baicheng basin and Wushi valley are slightly short in summer, long in winter, and more precipitation; the southern desert area is dry It is very hot in summer and cold in winter.

natural resources

Biological resources

The main rare wild animals in Aksu area are Tarim red deer, Buna, gazelle and red fox. The agreement on the protection of migratory birds between China and Japan includes swan, cygnet, Red duck, mallard, diving duck, yellow duck, horned lark, etc. The main Chinese medicinal materials are licorice, dangshen, Roucongrong, Mahuang, ferula, angelica, Chishao, banlanyao, Huangmao, rhubarb, etc.

mineral resources

As of 2007, the coal reserves in Aksu area are 10.96 billion tons, accounting for more than 90% of the proven reserves in southern Xinjiang. In 2006, 4.44 million tons of raw coal were produced, including 500000 tons of advanced metallurgical coke and foundry coke. 79 kinds of minerals have been found in Aksu area, with 294 producing areas. Bauxite, fluorite, corundum, antimony, phosphorite, maifanite, nepheline syenite, alunite, barite and so on are the most abundant minerals in Xinjiang, which are easy to exploit.

Up to 2007, 53 kinds of minerals have been found, with 395 producing areas and 29 kinds of minerals with certain reserves. There are iron, manganese, zinc, cadmium, magnesium and other minerals with certain reserves, reliable grade and available for development and utilization. The main non-metallic minerals are phosphate, with a reserve of 10 million tons. The reserves of rock salt mine are 600 billion tons, of which the surface exposed reserves are 22 billion tons, ranking the first in China. The total reserves of limestone mines are over 100 billion tons. The reserves of gypsum mine are 3 billion tons. The reserves of Maifanshi and andalusite are 100 million tons and 15 million tons respectively. Barite reserves are 123000 tons. Fluorite reserves are 51600 tons. Building materials mineral is a major feature of Aksu area. Refractory clay, clay, quartz sand, basalt, granite, marble, phlogopite and other minerals are not only widely distributed, but also easy to exploit.

By the end of 2016, the proven reserves of crude oil, natural gas, condensate, coal, rock salt, manganese, phosphate, copper and bauxite in the region were 1.7 billion tons, 1.5 trillion cubic meters, 71.69 million tons, 5.532 billion tons, 22 billion tons, 785900 tons, 512100 tons and 1.28 million tons respectively.

energy resources

The Baicheng mountain basin in Aksu area has considerable oil and gas facies. The reserves of oil and natural gas in Aksu account for 84% and 93% of the proved reserves around Tarim Basin respectively. There are 74 proven oil and gas fields, with natural gas reserves of nearly 734.12 billion cubic meters, dissolved oil and gas of 125.41 billion cubic meters, geological oil reserves of 871 million tons and condensate reserves of 60.95 million tons. Among them, Baicheng Kela 2 gas field has proven reserves of 284.086 billion cubic meters, which is the largest and most abundant integrated gas field in China by 2013. 96.32% of the gas source of "west to East Gas Transmission" project is in Aksu area.

Population nationality

population

In 2018, the total population of Aksu area was 2561674, the urban population was 878349, and the rural population was 1683325. The rural population accounted for 65.7% of the total population. The annual birth rate was 14.79 ‰, the death rate was 9.12 ‰, and the natural growth rate was 5.67 ‰.

nation

The main ethnic group in Aksu area is Han nationality, and there are 35 ethnic groups including Uygur, Hui, Mongolian, Kazak, Kirgiz, etc.

Politics

Chinese PinYin : Xin Jiang Wei Wu Er Zi Zhi Qu A Ke Su Di Qu