Mohe City, Daxinganling area, Heilongjiang Province

Mohe City, Mohe City, belongs to the great Xing'anling region of Heilongjiang Province. It is located in the north of Heilongjiang Province. It is adjacent to Erguna city of Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the west, Genhe City and Huzhong District in the south, Tahe County in the East, and Russia's outer Baikal border area (former Chita prefecture) and Amur Prefecture in the north. It is the northernmost county level administrative region in China. The terrain is high in the South and low in the north, with a slope trend in the north and south, belonging to the cold temperate continental monsoon Wait. It has jurisdiction over six towns, with a total area of 18427 square kilometers and a total population of 84700 (in 2018).

Mohe is one of the pollution-free natural pure lands in China. It is an important guarantee area of national ecological security and an ecological function protection area of Heilongjiang Province. The annual "excellent" air days are more than 350 days. There are 50000 negative oxygen ions per cubic centimeter in the air, and the annual average fine particulate matter is less than 10 micrograms. It is a place in China that can observe the aurora borealis and experience the extreme day and night North, the source of Longjiang River, magic astronomical phenomena, Christmas world, primitive stone forest and other monopoly tourism resources; built Arctic village, stone forest Geopark, Christmas Village, Guanyin Mountain, shenlongwan, Beihong village and other scenic spots, Arctic village is a national 5A scenic spot.

In March 2020, it will become the national forest health base (the first batch). In June 2020, it will be included in the list of the first batch of National Forest Rehabilitation bases. On October 9, 2020, it was awarded the title of the fourth batch of national ecological civilization construction demonstration cities and counties by the Ministry of ecological environment.

In 2018, Mohe's GDP was 2.93 billion yuan, up 6.7% year on year.

Historical evolution

In the Paleolithic age, Mohe was inhabited by ancient people. Two unearthed cultural relics prove that the ancient human beings in Mohe city at that time were in the matriarchal society stage, lived a primitive life of fishing and hunting, and formed settlements.

In the three dynasties of Tang and Yu, Mohe was a wasteland.

Mohe is the place of Donghu and Shanrong. According to the book of Commerce of Yiyin Dynasty, as early as the beginning of the Shang Dynasty, Donghu nationality had appeared in the north of Shang Dynasty. According to "yizhoushu · wanghuipian", at the beginning of the two weeks, Donghu reached the east of the north of the Zhou Dynasty. Biographies of Xiongnu in historical records: there were Xiongnu in northern Yan. During the Warring States period, Donghu was very powerful. He defeated Yan and forced Qin Kai to be a hostage. Later, Qin Kai returned to Yan and led the army to attack Donghu, but Donghu was more than 1000 li away.

In the Han Dynasty, Mohe belonged to Wuhuan and Xianbei.

In the northern and Southern Dynasties, in 443, the fourth year of Taiping Zhenjun in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the third-generation king of Tuoba Xianbei Dynasty, Emperor Taiwu, sent Li Chang to the stone chamber where Xianbei ancestors were worshipped. The site is gaxian cave, 10 kilometers northwest of Ali Town, the capital of Inner Mongolia Olunchun Autonomous Banner in Daxinganling.

In the Tang Dynasty, Shiwei mountain was located in the southwest of Mohe river. The area of Mohe river was called Shiwei state. In the Tang Dynasty, Shiwei Prefecture was set up in the west of Heilongjiang Province, and Mohe Prefecture was under its jurisdiction.

In the Liao Dynasty, in the first year of Shence (916), the Qidan people living in the Northeast rose. Yelv abaoji unified the eight Qidan tribes, pacified Xi and Shiwei, and established the state of Qidan. Later, the name of the state was changed to Liao. In the 10th century, all the divisions of Shiwei belonged to the Liao Dynasty. According to the records of Khitan state, Shiwei was one of the thirty-six states in which Taizu was the governor of Tibet. After the Tang Dynasty, Liao Dynasty established the administrative divisions in the upper reaches of Heilongjiang Province. At the beginning of Liao Dynasty, Mohe was under the jurisdiction of King Shiwei's mansion in Dongjing road. When Liao Shengzong arrived, Mohe was under the jurisdiction of Jiedushi, the Minister of the northwest road.

In the Jin Dynasty, Mohe was the western border of Puhe road under the rule of Shangjing. In 1129, four roads, Shangjing, Xianping, Tokyo and Beijing, were set up in Northeast China. Puyu road was under the jurisdiction of Shangjing. According to the records of Geography in the history of Jin Dynasty, PU and Lu had ten thousand households at the beginning of the state, and hailing Pavilion had ten thousand households, but they were changed into Jiedushi.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Mohe belonged to the fiefdom of tiemuguochijin, a Mongolian nobleman. Later, it was under the jurisdiction of puhelu, a provincial governor of Liaoyang. In the 13th century, after Genghis Khan destroyed the Jin Dynasty, he began to enfeoffment the princes and divide the territory. He granted the land north of the Nenjiang River Basin and south of the outer Xing'an Mountains to his third younger brother tiemuguochijin. After the rebellion of the later kings was put down, the Lingbei xingzhongshu province was set up, and Mohe Prefecture was under the jurisdiction of Helin general manager's office. Lingbei province is under the jurisdiction of Liaoyang province from the west of Daxinganling, the north of Zhelimu League to the Arctic Ocean, and the east of Daxinganling to the sea of Japan.

In the Ming Dynasty, Mohe was the place where nurgan was located. In the seventh year of Yongle (1409), the Ming Dynasty set up Nur gandu division in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang Province and the right bank of Amu Darya River. Nur gandu was translated into Manchu, meaning picture in Chinese. Because of its beautiful mountains and picturesque scenery, it was named. Nurgandu governs 384 guards, 24 stations, 7 city stations, and 1 village. The area under its jurisdiction extends from the outer Xing'an Mountains in the north to the Kuye island in the sea of Okhotsk in the East. After Ming Zhengtong (1436-1449), limuhewai was set up to exercise effective jurisdiction over the upper reaches of Heilongjiang Province.

In the Qing Dynasty, before the entry of the Qing army into the pass, the Suolun tribes in the vast area from the sea of Okhotsk in the east to the Lake Baikal in the West were all subject to the Qing Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, Mohe was the domain of Lord Lavkai, the head of sorendaor. Due to the Qing army's entry into the pass, they had no time to take care of the northeast border defense. As a result, Luocha (tsarist Russia) continued to invade. Daur people living in the upper reaches of Heilongjiang moved to the Nenjiang River basin to settle down. At the same time, the Ewenki and Olunchun people who were hunting in the Lena River and Jieya river basins of the outer Xing'an Mountains gradually migrated to the upper reaches of Amur River, Pangu River and Zhonger river basins on the right bank of Heilongjiang Province.

In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), after the Qing army entered the pass, the whole northeast area was under the jurisdiction of Shengjing general manager's office.

Shunzhi ten years (1653), the establishment of ningguta angbang Zhangjing.

In the first year of Kangxi (1662), angbang Zhangjing was changed into a general guarding ningguta and other places, and Mohe was under his jurisdiction.

In the 13th year of Kangxi (1674), the Qing government began to build the Mucheng Huihui on the East Bank of Heilongjiang (the former site of hulipingzhai in Ming Dynasty) to the south of zuojingqili River Estuary.

In 1683, a general of Heilongjiang was set up in Kangxi 22nd year. The first general of Heilongjiang, sabusu, led his troops to guard the border in Huihui, and governed the vast area north of the left bank of Songhua River, including Mohe River and the outer Xing'an Mountains.

After the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), the vice capital of Heilongjiang was established in Heilongjiang city (Huihui), and Mohe was under the jurisdiction of the vice capital of Heilongjiang.

In 1691, Buteha was set up as the governor's office. Mohe was originally under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang city, and the areas of herding and hunting, such as Oroqen, solun, and qiler, were under the control of Buteha.

Guangxu eight years (1882), Mohe planning Xing'an city governor Yamen.

In 1888, the Beiyang government founded Mohe Gold Mine General Administration.

After the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), Mohe was under the jurisdiction of Kumar road under the vice capital of Heilongjiang Province.

Guangxu 33 years (1907) Xing'an City chief yamen cut, removed Heilongjiang general yamen changed province.

In 1908, Heihe Prefecture was set up, and today Mohe Prefecture is under the jurisdiction of Heihe Prefecture. In the same year, Xu Shichang, governor of the three eastern provinces, and Zhou Shumo, governor of Heilongjiang Province, requested the establishment of the Mohe Zhili office, which was too late to implement.

In November of the first year of Xuantong (1909), the general card yamen was set up in Mohe. The general card yamen was under the jurisdiction of Huihui Road, and Wenjing was appointed as the general card officer. At the same time, the Mohe garrison was set up. Six monitoring posts were set up in Mohe along the Heilongjiang coast, under the jurisdiction of the garrison.

On May 1st, 1910, the chief card officer Wenjing took over all local affairs and controlled the eight karuns between Luogu River and Anluo. Mohe master card is a local political power organization which integrates military and government, and it is the foundation of establishing governance for Mohe local political power.

In June of the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the Beiyang government abolished the beihui bingbei road and established the Heihe River in July.

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the Beiyang government changed Heihe River into Heihe observation envoy, and Mohe was under the jurisdiction of Heihe River and Heihe observation envoy.

In 1914, the Heihe River was changed to Heihe River. On July 1 of the same year, Mohe general card yamen was changed into Mohe general card bureau, which was under the jurisdiction of zhuergan River and Mohe general card in the lower reaches of Erguna river. The administration bureau is located in Mohe street, which is under the jurisdiction of Heihe road in Heilongjiang Province.

On January 26, 1917, Mohe County was upgraded to Mohe County, a second-class County under the jurisdiction of Heihe road.

In 1929, the system of Heihe road was abandoned, and Heihe road was changed into Heihe municipal preparatory office. Mohe County is a first-class County under the direct jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province.

After the September 18th Incident in 1931, Japanese imperialism invaded Northeast China.

On April 1, 1932, Heihe was occupied.

In January of the first year of pseudo Kant (1934), the Japanese expedition occupied Mohe. In May of the same year, the puppet Mohe office was established and designated as grade C County. In October, the puppet Manchukuo government decided to divide the three eastern provinces into 14 provinces. The Ministry of civil affairs of the puppet Manchukuo Empire set up the beginning Office of Heihe Province in Heihe. In November, it became the Preparatory Committee of Heihe province. On December 1, the puppet Heihe province was established in Heihe. Mohe County was under the jurisdiction of the puppet Heihe province until the puppet Manchukuo government died.

On August 8, 1945, the Soviet Red Army declared war on Japan. August 13. During the restoration of Mohe County, Mohe was under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province.

In February 1947, Heilongjiang Province and Nenjiang province merged into Heilongjiang Nenjiang United Province, which was called heinen province for short,

Chinese PinYin : Hei Long Jiang Sheng Da Xing An Ling Di Qu Mo He Shi